Species-specific anatomical and morphological characteristics of Pinus sylvestris and Larix sibirica needles were studied at different levels of tree stand pollution by aluminum smelter emissions. The anatomical characteristics of the needle were studied using light microscopy. The level of tree stand pollution was determined using the cluster analysis outcomes of the pollutant elements content (fluorine, sulfur, and heavy metals) in the needles. Four levels of tree stand pollution were separated: low, moderate, high, and critical, as well as background tree stand in unpolluted areas. It was found that the state of tree phytomass deteriorated with increasing levels of pollution (from low to critical): pine crown defoliation increased to 85%, and larch defoliation increased to 65%. The life span of pine needles was reduced to 2–3 years, with a background value of 6–7 years. The change of morphological parameters was more pronounced in P. sylvestris: the weight and length of the 2-year-old shoot decreased by 2.7–3.1 times compared to the background values; the weight of needles on the shoot and the number of needle pairs on the shoot—by 1.9–2.1 times. The length of the needle and shoot and the number of L. sibirica brachyblasts decreased by 1.8–1.9 times. The anatomical parameters of the needle also changed to a greater extent in P. sylvestris. Up to the high level of tree pollution, we observed a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the needle, central cylinder, vascular bundle, area and thickness of mesophyll, number and diameter of resin ducts by 18–66% compared to background values. At the critical pollution level, when the content of pollutant elements in pine needles reached maximum values, the anatomical parameters of the remaining few green needles were close to background values. In our opinion, this may be due to the activation of mechanisms aimed at maintaining the viability of trees. A reduction in thickness and area of assimilation tissue in the L. sibirica needle was detected only at the critical pollution level. An upward trend in these parameters was found at low, medium, and high pollution levels of tree stand, which may indicate an adaptive nature. The results suggested that at a similar pollution level of trees, the greatest amount of negative anatomical and morphological changes were recorded in pine needles, which indicates a greater sensitivity of this species to technogenic emissions.

研究了铝冶炼厂排放的不同林分污染水平下樟子松和西伯利亚落叶松针叶的物种特异性解剖和形态特征。使用光学显微镜研究了针的解剖特征。利用针叶中污染物元素含量（氟、硫、重金属）的聚类分析结果确定林分污染程度。林分污染分为低度、中度、高度和严重四个等级，以及未污染地区的背景林分。研究发现，随着污染程度的增加（从低度到严重），树木植物群状况恶化：松树冠落叶增加至85%，落叶松落叶增加至65%。松针寿命减少至2-3年，背景值为6-7年。樟子松形态参数的变化更为明显： 2年生芽的重量和长度较背景值下降了2.7~3.1倍；芽上针的重量和芽上针对的数量增加了 1.9-2.1 倍。针叶和芽的长度以及西伯利亚L. sibirica短芽的数量减少了1.8-1.9倍。樟子松针的解剖参数也发生了较大程度的变化。在树木污染严重的情况下，我们观察到针叶、中心圆柱、维管束的横截面积、叶肉面积和厚度、树脂导管的数量和直径与背景值相比减少了18-66% 。在临界污染水平下，当松针中污染物元素含量达到最大值时，其余少数绿松针的解剖参数接近背景值。我们认为，这可能是由于旨在维持树木生存能力的机制的激活。仅在临界污染水平下才检测到西伯利亚L. sibirica针中同化组织厚度和面积的减少。在低、中、高污染水平的林分下，这些参数均呈上升趋势，这可能表明林分具有适应性。结果表明，在相似的树木污染水平下，松针记录到的负面解剖和形态变化最多，这表明该物种对技术排放的敏感性更高。