Brazil is the world’s largest producer of soybeans, and the crop is one of the most important contributors to the economy. Soybeans often suffer damage from insect pests, such as Anticarsia gemmatalis, which also attacks other crops. Genotypes of soybeans have been used to decipher the resistance mechanisms by evaluating the activity of defense compounds such as protease inhibitors (PIs) and flavonols. However, the genetic determinants of resistance have not been thoroughly investigated. This study used the response of resistant and susceptible genotypes of soybean to evaluate genes and proteins responsive to caterpillar attack and involved in the biosynthesis of methylated and glycosylated flavonols. Rutin and isorhamnetin rutinoside were produced constitutively in the resistant genotypes IAC 17 and IAC 100. Following insect attack, genes encoding flavonol synthase and methyltransferases were highly upregulated in IAC 17. Some herbivory defense responses appear constitutive, while others were induced or JA-independent, as verified for flavonol levels. Salicylic acid levels were higher in IAC 17 and IAC 100. Proteins not yet characterized for their involvement in plant–insect interactions, such as transmembrane receptors and transcription factors, were upregulated in the resistant genotype IAC 17. It appears constitutive flavonol biosynthesis in both IAC 17 and IAC 100 was inherited from the PI229358 parent, making the two genotypes good genetic sources to study flavonol biosynthesis and their relationship with insect resistance.

巴西是世界上最大的大豆生产国，该作物是经济最重要的贡献者之一。大豆经常遭受害虫的损害，例如Anticarsia gemmatalis，它也会攻击其他作物。大豆的基因型已被用来通过评估蛋白酶抑制剂 (PI) 和黄酮醇等防御化合物的活性来破译抗性机制。然而，耐药性的遗传决定因素尚未得到彻底研究。本研究利用大豆抗性和易感基因型的反应来评估对毛虫攻击作出反应并参与甲基化和糖基化黄酮醇生物合成的基因和蛋白质。芦丁和异鼠李素芦丁苷在抗性基因型 IAC 17 和 IAC 100 中组成型产生。昆虫攻击后，编码黄酮醇合酶和甲基转移酶的基因在 IAC 17 中高度上调。一些草食性防御反应似乎是组成型的，而另一些是诱导的或不依赖于 JA 的，已验证黄酮醇水平。IAC 17 和 IAC 100 中的水杨酸水平较高。尚未表征其参与植物-昆虫相互作用的蛋白质，例如跨膜受体和转录因子，在抗性基因型 IAC 17 中上调。两种 IAC 中似乎都存在组成型黄酮醇生物合成17和IAC 100遗传自PI229358亲本，使得这两个基因型成为研究黄酮醇生物合成及其与昆虫抗性关系的良好遗传来源。