The occurrence of Xiphinema species in the rhizosphere of vineyards showing general decline phenotype in North Italy was investigated. Most of the collected soil samples contained two Xiphinema species belonging to X. americanum-group, along with X. index. Using the integrative taxonomy approach, combining morphological, molecular and multivariate morphological analyses, the two populations of the X. americanum-group were identified as X. rivesi and X. pachtaicum. Furthermore, one male specimen of X. rivesi was recovered and the presence of three juvenile developmental stages was confirmed based on the scatter diagram. D2-D3 expansion domains of LSU, ITS region and partial COI were used to determine the phylogenetic relationships of the two Xiphinema species from North Italy with other species belonging to X. americanum-group. Five other Xiphinema populations from different geographical areas were included in this study and only molecularly identified as X. rivesi, X. pachtaicum and X. incertum by sequencing the ITS and D2-D3 expansion domains of LSU rDNA.

对意大利北部表现出普遍衰退表型的葡萄园根际中剑线虫物种的出现情况进行了调查。大多数收集的土壤样本含有属于X​​. americanum组的两种剑线虫属物种以及X. index。使用综合分类学方法，结合形态学、分子和多变量形态学分析，美洲X. americanum组的两个种群被鉴定为X. rivesi和X. pachtaicum。此外，还回收了1个雄性X. rivesi标本，并根据散点图确认了三个幼体发育阶段的存在。LSU 的 D2-D3 扩展域、ITS 区域和部分 COI 用于确定来自意大利北部的两个剑线虫物种与属于X. americanum组的其他物种的系统发育关系。本研究还包括来自不同地理区域的其他五个剑线虫种群，通过对 LSU rDNA 的 ITS 和 D2-D3 扩展域进行测序，仅将其分子鉴定为X. rivesi、X. pachtaicum和X. incertum。