Purpose

To investigate a possible association between the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and disability in individuals with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases.

Methods

Cross-sectional study was conducted with 373 individuals (313 with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases and 60 healthy). Disability was assessed by the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), and the risk of OSA was assessed by STOP-BANG. Anxiety and depression symptoms, daytime sleepiness, and cognition were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Results

Greater disability was found in individuals with intermediate or high risk of OSA, considering healthy individuals (p=0.03), or individuals diagnosed with arrhythmia (p<0.01) or coronary artery disease (p=0.04). A high risk of OSA and higher WHODAS scores was significant among women as well as between OSA risk categories (p<0.01). Cognitive deficit and level of education also showed differences between OSA risk categories. Age, depression, and sleepiness were also associated with the subjects’ disability (p<0.01). Gamma regression model showed higher WHODAS scores in female, in those with intermediate and high risk of OSA, and in those with depressive symptoms and cognitive deficit. Age also showed a correlation with higher WHODAS scores. The presence of all investigated cardio and cerebrovascular diseases showed an increase in the WHODAS score, implying a greater disability compared to healthy individuals.

Conclusion

Moderate and high risk of OSA is associated with disability, as well as gender, age, depressive symptoms, cognitive deficit, and cardiovascular diseases.

中文翻译：

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阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的风险增加是否是心脑血管疾病患者残疾的决定因素之一？

目的

调查患有心血管或脑血管疾病的个体的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA) 风险与残疾之间可能存在的关联。

方法

对 373 人进行了横断面研究（其中 313 人患有心脑血管疾病，60 人为健康人）。通过世界卫生组织残疾评估表（WHODAS）的12项残疾评估，并通过STOP-BANG评估OSA的风险。通过医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）、Epworth 嗜睡量表（ESS）和简易精神状态检查（MMSE）评估焦虑和抑郁症状、白天嗜睡和认知。

结果

考虑到健康个体 ( p = 0.03) 或诊断为心律失常 ( p <0.01) 或冠状动脉疾病 ( p = 0.04)的个体，具有中度或高度 OSA 风险的个体存在更大的残疾。OSA 的高风险和较高的 WHODAS 评分在女性以及 OSA 风险类别之间具有显着性 ( p <0.01)。认知缺陷和教育水平也显示了 OSA 风险类别之间的差异。年龄、抑郁和嗜睡也与受试者的残疾有关（p <0.01）。伽玛回归模型显示，女性、患有中度和高度 OSA 风险的女性以及有抑郁症状和认知缺陷的女性的 WHODAS 评分较高。年龄还与较高的 WHODAS 分数相关。所有被调查的心脑血管疾病的存在都表明 WHODAS 评分有所增加，这意味着与健康个体相比，残疾程度更大。

结论

中度和高度 OSA 风险与残疾、性别、年龄、抑郁症状、认知缺陷和心血管疾病有关。