Abstract

In the present study, we used attenuated corrected radar reflectivity factor (Z_e) and rain-drop size distribution (DSD) to investigate the hydrometeors distribution in the intense precipitating cloud cells (PCCs) from precipitation radar (PR) onboard on Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM). The DSD parameters consist of two variables, namely, mass-weighted mean diameter (D_m) in mm and normalized scaling parameters for hydrometeors concentration (N_w) in mm^–1 m^–3. We defined two types of PCCs, which are the proxies for the intense rainfall events. First PCC is termed as Cumulonimbus Towers (CbTs), which consist of Z_e > = 20 dBZ at 12 km altitude, and its base height must be less than 3 km altitude. We also defined intense convective clouds (ICCs), which consist of Z_e > 30 (40) dBZ at 8 km (3 km), respectively, and are termed as ICC8 and ICC3, respectively. The spatial distribution reveals that continental areas consist of a higher frequency of CbTs and ICC8s compared to oceanic areas, whereas ICC3s are uniformly distributed over tropical land and oceanic areas. The DSD parameters reveal that intense PCCs have larger hydrometeors (D_m), whereas weaker (less Z_e) vertical profiles consist of higher concentration (N_w) of smaller hydrometeors (D_m). Land consists of larger hydrometeors (D_m) compared to oceanic areas, and differences are higher in liquid phase regimes compared to mixed phase regimes. The vertical profiles of Z_e, D_m and N_w are showing the higher regional differences among the different land-based areas, compared to various tropical ocean basins. Western Himalaya Foothills and Sierra De Cordoba consist of the strongest vertical profiles with the largest D_m on the Earth’s areas during JJAS and DJFM months, respectively.

中文翻译：

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两个雨季地球上空强降水云团水凝物分布

摘要

在本研究中，我们使用衰减校正雷达反射率因子（Z _e）和雨滴尺寸分布（DSD）来研究全球降水测量中机载降水雷达（PR）的强降水云单元（PCC）中的水凝物分布（毛利率）。DSD 参数由两个变量组成，即以毫米为单位的质量加权平均直径 ( D _m ) 和以毫米为单位的水汽凝结物浓度 ( N _w )的标准化标度参数^–1  m ^–3。我们定义了两种类型的 PCC，它们是强降雨事件的代理。第一个 PCC 称为积雨云塔 (CbTs)，由12 公里高度处的Ze  > = 20 dBZ 组成，其基础高度必须小于 3 公里高度_。我们还定义了强对流云 (ICC)，其分别由 8 公里 (3 公里) 处的Ze > 30 (40 ₎  dBZ 组成，分别称为 ICC8 和 ICC3。空间分布表明，与海洋区域相比，大陆区域的 CbT 和 ICC8 频率更高，而 ICC3 均匀分布在热带陆地和海洋区域。DSD 参数表明，强烈的 PCC 具有较大的水汽凝结物 ( D _m )，而较弱的（较小的Ze _）垂直剖面由较高浓度 ( N _w ) 的较小的水汽凝结物 ( D _m ) 组成。与海洋区域相比，陆地由更大的水凝物 ( D _m )组成，并且与混合相状态相比，液相状态的差异更大。与各个热带海洋盆地相比， Z _e、D _m和N _w的垂直剖面显示不同陆地区域之间存在较高的区域差异。喜马拉雅山西部山麓和科尔多瓦山脉分别在 JJAS 和 DJFM 月期间拥有地球上最强的垂直剖面和最大的D _{m 。}