Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with recurrent unprovoked seizures, affecting ~ 65 million worldwide. Evidence in patients with epilepsy and animal models suggests a contribution of neuroinflammation to epileptogenesis and the development of epilepsy. Interleukins (ILs), as one of the major contributors to neuroinflammation, are intensively studied for their association and modulatory effects on ictogenesis and epileptogenesis. ILs are commonly divided into pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and therefore are expected to be pathogenic or neuroprotective in epilepsy. However, both protective and destructive effects have been reported for many ILs. This may be due to the complex nature of ILs, and also possibly due to the different disease courses that those ILs are involved in. In this review, we summarize the contributions of different ILs in those processes and provide a current overview of recent research advances, as well as preclinical and clinical studies targeting ILs in the treatment of epilepsy.

癫痫是一种慢性神经系统疾病，会反复无端癫痫发作，影响全球约 6500 万人。癫痫患者和动物模型的证据表明神经炎症对癫痫的发生和发展有贡献。白细胞介素（IL）作为神经炎症的主要贡献者之一，因其对癫痫发生和癫痫发生的关联和调节作用而被深入研究。IL 通常分为促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子，因此预计在癫痫中具有致病性或神经保护作用。然而，许多 IL 具有保护性和破坏性作用。这可能是由于 IL 的复杂性，也可能是由于这些 IL 参与的不同疾病过程。在这篇综述中，我们总结了不同 IL 在这些过程中的贡献，并提供了最新研究进展的最新概述以及针对ILs治疗癫痫的临床前和临床研究。