Emerging contaminants (EC) are the modern age chemicals that are new to the environment. It includes pharmaceuticals & personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, hormones, artificial sweeteners, industrial chemicals, microplastics, newly discovered microbes and many other manmade chemicals. These chemicals are harmful and having negative impacts on human being and other life forms. Existing treatment systems are ineffective in treating the EC and the treated effluent act as source of pollution to the water bodies. Considering the requirement of new technologies that can remove EC, the Constructed wetlands (CWs) are getting popular and can be a valid option for the treatment of EC. In this context application of macrophytes in CW have increased the removal performance of constructed wetland system. Growing macrophytes in CW have augmented the removal of EC from these systems. In different studies macrophytes supported the removal process of EC in CW and a removal efficiency up to 97% was achieved. This review summarizes the direct and indirect roles of macrophytes in CW in the treatment of EC. Also, it evaluates the success of CW technology, in treating EC, its limitation, and future perspective. The direct role of macrophytes include precipitation on root surface, absorption, and degradation of EC by these plants. Growth of macrophytes in CWs facilitates the uptake EC by the absorption and detoxify them in their cell with the help of enzymatic and hormonal activity which supports the removal of EC in wetland system. Indirect impacts, which appear to be more significant than direct effects, include increased removal of EC through better rhizospheric microbial activity and exudate secretions, which enhances the removal by four times. Thus, this review emphasizes combined application of CW and aquatic macrophytes which augmented the performance of CW for the treatment of EC.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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人工湿地中的大型植物作为废水中新兴污染物植物修复的有效物种

新兴污染物 (EC) 是对环境产生新影响的现代化学物质。它包括药品和个人护理产品 (PPCP)、农药、激素、人造甜味剂、工业化学品、微塑料、新发现的微生物和许多其他人造化学品。这些化学物质是有害的，会对人类和其他生命形式产生负面影响。现有的处理系统在处理 EC 方面效果不佳，并且处理后的废水成为水体的污染源。考虑到消除 EC 的新技术的需求，人工湿地 (CW) 越来越受欢迎，并且可以成为治疗 EC 的有效选择。在此背景下，水生植物中大型植物的应用提高了人工湿地系统的去除性能。CW 中生长的大型植物增强了 EC 从这些系统中的去除。在不同的研究中，大型植物支持 CW 中 EC 的去除过程，去除效率高达 97%。本综述总结了 CW 中的大型植物在 EC 治疗中的直接和间接作用。此外，它还评估了 CW 技术在治疗 EC 方面的成功、其局限性和未来前景。大型植物的直接作用包括根表面的沉淀、这些植物对 EC 的吸收和降解。湿地中大型植物的生长促进了 EC 的吸收，并在酶促和激素活性的帮助下在细胞中解毒，从而支持湿地系统中 EC 的去除。间接影响似乎比直接影响更显着，包括通过更好的根际微生物活动和渗出液分泌来增加 EC 的去除，这将去除提高了四倍。因此，本综述强调了 CW 和水生大型植物的联合应用，这增强了 CW 治疗 EC 的性能。

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