Entrepreneurial alertness (EA) research has made substantial progress in identifying the psychological and organizational antecedents and consequences of EA. However, the interactions between environmental factors and EA are understudied and it is unclear how alertness influences and is shaped by entrepreneurs’ local ecosystems. In this “perspectives” essay, we contend that EA and entrepreneurial ecosystems research could be enriched by greater cross-fertilization. We respond to calls for more focus on the microfoundations of entrepreneurship by exploring the opportunities in research at the interface of EA and entrepreneurial ecosystems. We develop a multi-level framework to explain how EA is not only influenced by entrepreneurial ecosystems but can collectively influence the system-level functioning and leadership of ecosystems. Our framework clarifies how EA is shaped by the social, cultural, and material attributes of ecosystems and, in turn, how EA influences ecosystem attributes (diversity and coherence) and outcomes (resilience and coordination). We explain why it is critical to treat the environment as more than simply a moderating influence on the effects of EA and why it is fruitful for entrepreneurship research to develop a fuller picture of EA’s contextual determinants and outcomes. We conclude by proposing a research agenda that explores the interplay between EA and entrepreneurial ecosystems.

创业警觉性（EA）研究在识别 EA 的心理和组织前因及后果方面取得了实质性进展。然而，环境因素与 EA 之间的相互作用尚未得到充分研究，也不清楚警觉性如何影响企业家的当地生态系统并由其塑造。在这篇“观点”文章中，我们认为 EA 和创业生态系统研究可以通过更大程度的交叉融合来丰富。我们通过探索 EA 和创业生态系统界面的研究机会来响应更多关注创业微观基础的呼吁。我们开发了一个多层次的框架来解释 EA 如何不仅受到创业生态系统的影响，而且可以共同影响生态系统的系统级功能和领导力。我们的框架阐明了生态环境如何受到生态系统的社会、文化和物质属性的影响，以及生态环境如何影响生态系统属性（多样性和一致性）和结果（弹性和协调性）。我们解释了为什么将环境视为不仅仅是对 EA 影响的调节性影响至关重要，以及为什么创业研究能够更全面地了解 EA 的背景决定因素和结果是富有成效的。最后，我们提出了一个研究议程，探讨 EA 和创业生态系统之间的相互作用。