This essay addresses tensions within political philosophy between group rights, which allow historically marginalized communities some self-governance in determining its own rules and norms, and the rights of marginalized subgroups, such as women, within these communities. Community norms frequently uphold patriarchal structures that define women as inferior to men, assign them a subordinate status within the community, and cut them off from the individual rights enjoyed by women in other sections of society. As feminists point out, the capacity for voice and exit cannot be taken for granted, for community norms may be organized in ways that deny women any voice in its decision-making forums as well as the resources they would need to survive outside the community. This essay draws on research among the Gond, an indigenous community in India, to explore this debate. Given the strength of the forces within the community militating against women’s capacity for voice or exit, the question motivating our research is: Can external organizations make a difference? We explore the impacts of two external development organizations that sought to work with women within these communities in order to answer this question.

中文翻译：

---

群体权利、性别正义和妇女自助团体：印度土著社区的退出、发言权和忠诚度

本文探讨了政治哲学中群体权利与这些社区内边缘化亚群体（例如妇女）的权利之间的紧张关系，群体权利允许历史上边缘化的社区在确定自己的规则和规范方面进行一定程度的自治。社区规范经常维护父权结构，将妇女视为劣等男子，赋予她们在社区内的从属地位，并切断她们与社会其他阶层妇女享有的个人权利的联系。正如女权主义者指出的那样，不能将发言权和退出权视为理所当然，因为社区规范的组织方式可能会剥夺妇女在决策论坛中的发言权以及她们在社区外生存所需的资源。本文利用印度土著社区贡德人的研究来探讨这一争论。鉴于社区内阻碍女性表达意见或退出能力的力量的强大，推动我们研究的问题是：外部组织能否发挥作用？我们探讨了两个外部发展组织的影响，这两个组织寻求与这些社区内的妇女合作，以回答这个问题。