Abstract

Fusarium rot of Luffa cylindrical was detected at Kafr-El-Dawar province, Beheira governorate, North Egypt during the growing season 2021. Surveyed disease incidence at Beheira, Kafr El-Shekh and Sharkia governorate showed fruit rot incidences of 18.33%, 16.12%, and 12.42%, respectively. Two fungal isolates of Fusarium spp. were tested for their pathogenic ability to induce Fusarium rot disease and typical disease symptoms. The online Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for Nucleotide Sequences (BLASTN) was used for identification and confirmation of identity performance of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and DNA sequencing, then compared with sequences available in GenBank. The two fungal isolates were identified as Fusarium incarnatum and Fusarium chlamydosporum and registered under accession number MN480497 and MN480498, respectively. Under laboratory conditions, organic acids, essential oils and organic salts significantly inhibited the growth of the two fungal isolates. Complete inhibition of fungal growth (100%) was recorded at 0.75 g/l of Topsin-M70 (Thiophanate-methyl) and 0.5% of salicylic acid. Meanwhile, a moderate growth reduction was observed using benzoic acid, coumarine, and cinnamon, thyme oil and garlic oil treatments. Under field conditions for two successive seasons, similar trends were observed. Foliar sprays with the fungicide Topsin-M70 showed the largest reduction in disease expression. The highest fruit rot disease reduction was recorded for salicylic acid and coumarin treatments followed by thyme oil, benzoic acid and potassium carbonate, garlic oil, boric acid and sodium bicarbonate. We concluded that the treatments are effective, safe and cost-effective methods for the control of this pre-harvest fruit disease under field conditions.

中文翻译：

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肉色镰刀菌和厚垣镰刀菌引起的丝瓜果腐病的防治

摘要

2021年生长季，埃及北部贝希拉省Kafr-El-Dawar省检测到丝瓜镰刀菌腐烂病。对Beheira、Kafr El-Shekh和Sharkia省的发病率调查显示，果实腐烂率分别为18.33%、16.12 %、分别为12.42%和12.42%。镰刀菌属 (Fusarium spp) 的两种真菌分离株。测试了其诱发镰刀菌腐烂病的致病能力和典型疾病症状。使用在线核苷酸序列基本局部比对搜索工具（BLASTN）来识别和确认内部转录间隔区（ITS）的身份性能和DNA测序，然后与GenBank中的可用序列进行比较。这两种真菌分离株被鉴定为Fusarium incarnatum和Fusarium chlamydosporum，并分别登记在登录号 MN480497 和 MN480498 下。在实验室条件下，有机酸、精油和有机盐显着抑制了两种真菌分离株的生长。 0.75 g/l 的 Topsin-M70（甲基托布津）和 0.5% 的水杨酸可完全抑制真菌生长（100%）。同时，使用苯甲酸、香豆素、肉桂、百里香油和大蒜油处理时观察到生长适度减少。在连续两个季节的田间条件下，观察到类似的趋势。叶面喷洒杀菌剂 Topsin-M70 可以最大程度地减少疾病的发生。水杨酸和香豆素处理的水果腐烂病减少率最高，其次是百里香油、苯甲酸和碳酸钾、大蒜油、硼酸和碳酸氢钠。我们的结论是，这些处理是在田间条件下控制这种采前水果病害的有效、安全和具有成本效益的方法。