Abstract

According to the data from the World Health Organization, about 800 million of the world population had contracted coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 by mid-2023. Properties of this virus have allowed it to circulate in the human population for a long time, evolving defense mechanisms against the host immune system. Severity of the disease depends largely on the degree of activation of the systemic immune response, including overstimulation of macrophages and monocytes, cytokine production, and triggering of adaptive T- and B-cell responses, while SARS-CoV-2 evades the immune system actions. In this review, we discuss immune responses triggered in response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into the cell and malfunctions of the immune system that lead to the development of severe disease.

中文翻译：

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SARS-CoV-2 感染的免疫学

摘要

根据世界卫生组织的数据，到2023年中期，世界上约有8亿人口感染了SARS-CoV-2引起的冠状病毒。这种病毒的特性使其能够在人群中长期传播，并进化出针对宿主免疫系统的防御机制。该疾病的严重程度很大程度上取决于全身免疫反应的激活程度，包括巨噬细胞和单核细胞的过度刺激、细胞因子的产生以及适应性 T 和 B 细胞反应的触发，而 SARS-CoV-2 则逃避免疫系统的作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 SARS-CoV-2 病毒进入细胞而引发的免疫反应以及导致严重疾病发展的免疫系统功能障碍。