Individuals who access residential treatment for substance use disorders are at a greater risk of negative health and substance-use outcomes upon exiting treatment. Using linked data, we aimed to identify predictive factors and the critical period for alcohol or other drug (AOD)-related events following discharge. Participants include 1056 individuals admitted to three residential treatment centres in Queensland, Australia from January 1 2014 to December 31 2016. We linked participants’ treatment data with administrative data from hospitals, emergency departments, AOD services, mental health services and the death registry up to December 31 2018. We used survival analysis to examine presentations for AOD-related events within two-years of index discharge. A high proportion of individuals (57%) presented to healthcare services for AOD-related events within 2 year of discharge from residential treatment, with the first 30 days representing a critical period of increased risk. Completing residential treatment (aHR = 0.49 [0.37–0.66], p < .001) and high drug-abstaining self-efficacy (aHR = 0.60 [0.44–0.82], p = .001) were associated with a reduced likelihood of AOD-related events. Individuals with over two previous residential treatment admissions (aHR = 1.31 [1.04–1.64], p = .029), identifying as Indigenous Australian (aHR = 1.34 [1.10–1.63], p < .001), alcohol as a primary substance (aHR = 1.58 [1.30–1.92], p < .001), and receiving a Disability Support Pension (aHR = 1.48 [1.06–2.06], p = 0.022) were at a greater likelihood. The high proportion of individuals that present to health and drug services for AOD-related events, especially in the first 30 days post-discharge, highlights the need for continued support following discharge from substance use treatment.

接受药物滥用障碍住院治疗的个人在退出治疗后面临更大的健康和药物滥用后果的风险。使用关联数据，我们旨在确定出院后酒精或其他药物 (AOD) 相关事件的预测因素和关键期。参与者包括 2014 年 1 月 1 日至 2016 年 12 月 31 日期间入住澳大利亚昆士兰州三个住宿治疗中心的 1056 名个人。我们将参与者的治疗数据与来自医院、急诊室、AOD 服务、心理健康服务和死亡登记处的管理数据联系起来， 2018 年 12 月 31 日。我们使用生存分析来检查指数出院两年内 AOD 相关事件的表现。很大一部分人 (57%) 在出院后 2 年内因 AOD 相关事件而接受医疗服务，其中前 30 天是风险增加的关键时期。完成住院治疗（aHR = 0.49 [0.37–0.66]，p < .001）和高戒毒自我效能（aHR = 0.60 [0.44–0.82]，p = .001）与 AOD 可能性降低相关。相关事件。之前接受过两次以上住院治疗的个人 (aHR = 1.31 [1.04–1.64], p = .029)，被认定为澳大利亚原住民 (aHR = 1.34 [1.10–1.63], p < .001)，以酒精为主要物质 ( aHR = 1.58 [1.30–1.92], p < .001) 和领取残疾支持养老金 (aHR = 1.48 [1.06–2.06], p = 0.022) 的可能性更大。因 AOD 相关事件而前往卫生和药物服务机构就诊的个人比例很高，尤其是在出院后的前 30 天，这凸显了在药物使用治疗出院后需要持续支持。