Pesticides, used in agriculture to control plant diseases, pose risks to the environment and human health. To address this, there's a growing focus on biocontrol, using microorganisms instead of chemicals. In this study, we aimed to identify Bacillus isolates as potential biological control agents. We tested 1574 Bacillus isolates for antifungal effects against pathogens like Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Rhizoctonia solani. Out of these, 77 isolates formed inhibition zones against all three pathogens. We then investigated their lytic enzyme activities (protease, chitinase, and chitosanase) and the production of antifungal metabolites (siderophore and hydrogen cyanide). Coagulase activity was also examined to estimate potential pathogenicity in humans and animals. After evaluating all mechanisms, 19 non-pathogenic Bacillus isolates with significant antifungal effects were chosen. Molecular identification revealed they belonged to B. subtilis (n = 19) strains. The 19 native Bacillus strains, demonstrating strong antifungal effects in vitro, have the potential to form the basis for biocontrol product development. This could address challenges in agricultural production, marking a crucial stride toward sustainable agriculture.

农业中用于控制植物病害的农药对环境和人类健康构成风险。为了解决这个问题，人们越来越关注生物防治，使用微生物代替化学品。在这项研究中，我们的目的是鉴定芽孢杆菌分离株作为潜在的生物防治剂。我们测试了 1574 种芽孢杆菌分离株对灰葡萄孢 ( Botrytis cinerea)、茄病镰刀菌 ( Fusarium solani)和茄丝菌 (Rhizoctonia solani)等病原体的抗真菌作用。其中，77 个分离株形成了针对所有三种病原体的抑制区。然后我们研究了它们的裂解酶活性（蛋白酶、几丁质酶和壳聚糖酶）和抗真菌代谢物（铁载体和氰化氢）的产生。还检查了凝固酶活性以估计人类和动物的潜在致病性。在评估所有机制后，选择了19 种具有显着抗真菌作用的非致病性芽孢杆菌分离株。分子鉴定显示它们属于枯草芽孢杆菌 ( B. subtilis) (n = 19) 菌株。 19 种天然芽孢杆菌菌株在体外表现出强大的抗真菌作用，有潜力成为生物防治产品开发的基础。这可以解决农业生产中的挑战，标志着迈向可持续农业的关键一步。