Plant diseases pose a severe threat to the food security of the global human population. One such disease is Fusarium wilt, which affects many plant species and causes up to 100% yield losses. Fusarium pathogen has high variability in its genetic constitution; therefore, it has evolved into different physiological races to infect different plant species spread across the different geographical regions of the world. The pathogen mainly affects plant roots, leading to colonizing and blocking vascular bundle cells, specifically xylem vessels. This blocking results in chlorosis, vascular discoloration, leaf wilting, shortening of plant, and, in severe cases, premature plant death. Due to the soil-borne nature of the wilt pathogen, neither agronomic nor plant protection measures effectively reduce the incidence of the disease. Therefore, the most cost-effective management strategy for Fusarium wilt is developing varieties resistant to a particular race of the fungus wilt prevalent in a given region. This strategy requires understanding the pathogen, its disease cycle, and epidemiology with climate-changing scenarios. Hence, in the review, we will discuss the pathogenic aspect and genetics of the Fusarium wilt, including molecular interventions for developing climate-smart wilt tolerant/resistant varieties of crops. Overall, this review will add to our knowledge for advancing the breeding of resistance against the wilt pandemic.

植物病害对全球人口的粮食安全构成严重威胁。其中一种病害是镰刀菌枯萎病，它影响许多植物物种并导致高达 100% 的产量损失。镰刀菌病原体的遗传构成具有高度变异性；因此，它已进化成不同的生理小种，以感染分布在世界不同地理区域的不同植物物种。该病原体主要影响植物根部，导致定植和阻塞维管束细胞，特别是木质部导管。这种阻塞会导致失绿、维管变色、叶子枯萎、植物缩短，严重时还会导致植物过早死亡。由于枯萎病菌的土传性质，农艺和植物保护措施都无法有效减少该病害的发生。因此，针对镰刀菌枯萎病最具成本效益的管理策略是开发对特定地区流行的特定真菌枯萎病品种具有抗性的品种。这一策略需要了解病原体、其疾病周期以及气候变化情况下的流行病学。因此，在综述中，我们将讨论镰刀菌枯萎病的致病方面和遗传学，包括开发气候智能型耐枯萎病/抗枯萎病作物品种的分子干预措施。总的来说，这次审查将增加我们对促进枯萎病大流行抗性培育的认识。