Ecological implications of boron and sulfur in sediments from a lake in the Nile Delta: Remote sensing, fractionation and ecotoxicity,Journal of Soils and Sediments

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Ecological implications of boron and sulfur in sediments from a lake in the Nile Delta: Remote sensing, fractionation and ecotoxicity
Journal of Soils and Sediments ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 , DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03750-9
Gehan M. El Zokm , Mohamed A. Okbah , Ghada F. El-Said , Khaled S. Sinoussy

Purpose

The study aimed to provide an overview of the behavior, fate and ecotoxicity of boron and sulfur in the sediments of Lake Burullus, Egypt, after the degradation of the lake area.

Materials and methods

Changes in the studied lake area due to human activities were estimated using Erdas Imagine v14 and ArcGIS. Sequential and non-sequential extraction techniques for boron and sulfur fractionation in sediments were evaluated.

Results and discussion

A remote-sensing tracking investigation revealed a decrease in area of about 19.4%. Boron geochemical fractions had the order of residual (BF5, 61.48 ± 3.84%) > bound oxide (BF3, 15.47 ± 9.64%) > specifically adsorbed (BF2, 13.34 ± 9.85%) > bound organic (BF4, 9.85 ± 12.40%) > water-soluble and exchangeable (BF1, 2.2 ± 2.66%). Sulfur gave the order of the fractions as residual (SF5, 70.52 ± 16.92%) > phosphate extractable (SF2, 15.47 ± 9.34%) > bound organic (SF4, 7.20 ± 5.35%) > CaCl₂ -extractable (SF3, 9.85 ± 12.40%) > water-soluble sulfur (SF1, 1.34 ± 1.52%). A worst-case scenario involving boron and sulfur toxicity values was studied using mixture risk characterization ratios (RCR_mix) based on the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) and sum of toxic units (STU).

Conclusions

The RCR_mix and STU of boron showed high long-term risks to aquatic organisms, while sulfur showed high short-term risks. Invertebrates were the most sensitive species to boron and sulfur. This study sheds light on the ecological impact of boron and sulfur in Lake Burullus sediments, highlighting potential risks to aquatic organisms. Further research could focus on developing mitigation strategies to address these concerns.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

尼罗河三角洲湖泊沉积物中硼和硫的生态影响：遥感、分馏和生态毒性

目的

该研究旨在概述埃及布鲁勒斯湖湖区退化后沉积物中硼和硫的行为、归宿和生态毒性。

材料和方法

使用 Erdas Imagine v14 和 ArcGIS 估算了人类活动导致的所研究湖泊面积的变化。对沉积物中硼和硫分馏的顺序和非顺序提取技术进行了评估。

结果与讨论

遥感追踪调查显示，面积减少约19.4%。硼地球化学分数的顺序为残留（BF5，61.48±3.84％）>结合氧化物（BF3，15.47±9.64％）>特异性吸附（BF2，13.34±9.85％）>结合有机物（BF4，9.85±12.40％）>水溶性且可交换（BF1，2.2±2.66%）。硫给出的分数顺序为残留物 (SF5, 70.52 ± 16.92%) > 磷酸盐可萃取物 (SF2, 15.47 ± 9.34%) > 结合有机物 (SF4, 7.20 ± 5.35%) > CaCl ₂可萃取物 (SF3, 9.85 ± 12.40 %)>水溶性硫(SF1,1.34±1.52%)。使用基于预测无影响浓度 ( PNEC ) 和有毒单位总和 ( STU ) 的混合物风险表征比 ( RCR _mix )研究了涉及硼和硫毒性值的最坏情况。