The tree-based farming system is one of the finest options for crop diversification, ecological stabilisation and economic upliftment in the Indian Himalayan regions. Keeping this scenario in mind, an on-field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of Populus deltoides ‘G-48’ tree spacings (S₁:6 m × 4 m, S₂:4 m × 4 m) with open-field condition (S₀) and different nutrient sources [T₁:Control; T₂:100% RDN (recommended dose of nitrogen); T₃:75% RDN + 25% FYM (farmyard manure); T₄:50% RDN + 50% FYM; T₅:25% RDN + 75% FYM; T₆:100% FYM; T₇:100% Vermicompost); T₈:Jeevamrut (10%), each replicated thrice] on agronomic performance of Curcuma longa at Solan, India during 2019–2021. The results revealed that C. longa grown under tree spacing S₁ coupled with the application of T₃ treatment showed marked enhancement in growth, quality attributes of C. longa and post-harvest soil nutrient status whereas, yield attributes were better in S₀. The yield of C. longa was curtailed by 22.5 and 31.6%, whereas curcumin content was enhanced by 13.4% and 12.2% under S₁ and S₂, respectively over S₀. The vegetation carbon density (66.38 Mg ha⁻¹), total ecosystem carbon density (119.04 Mg ha⁻¹), and total carbon sequestered (436.47 Mg ha⁻¹) was found to be higher under S₁, whereas soil carbon density (55.68 Mg ha⁻¹) was maximum under S₂ being at par with S₁. Maximum net returns (14,693 US$ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) were realised under S₁ tree spacing and T₃ treatment. Overall, the study concluded that in P. deltoids–C. longa system, application of 75% RDN + 25% FYM at 6 m × 4 m spacing of poplar have demonstrated efficacy in getting a better quality of turmeric, maintaining soil fertility, and combating climate change.

以树木为基础的农业系统是印度喜马拉雅地区作物多样化、生态稳定和经济提升的最佳选择之一。考虑到这种情况，进行了一项现场实验，以评估露地三角杨“G-48”树距（S ₁ :6 m × 4 m、S ₂ :4 m × 4 m）的效果条件（S ₀）和不同的营养源[T ₁：对照；T ₂：100% RDN（推荐氮气剂量）；T ₃ :75% RDN + 25% FYM（农家肥）；T ₄：50% RDN + 50% FYM；T ₅：25% RDN + 75% FYM；T ₆：100% FYM；T ₇ :100% 蚯蚓粪); T ₈：Jeevamrut（10%），每个重复三次]关于2019-2021 年印度索兰姜黄农艺性能。结果表明，在树距S _{1下生长的}龙牙，加上T _{3处理的应用，在生长、}龙牙品质特性和收获后土壤养分状况方面表现出显着的增强，而在S ₀下，产量特性更好。_{在S 1}和S _{2条件下，与S 0}相比，龙眼产量降低了22.5%和31.6%，而姜黄素含量分别提高了13.4%和12.2% 。_{S 1}条件下植被碳密度（66.38 Mg ha ⁻¹）、生态系统总碳密度（119.04 Mg ha ⁻¹）和固碳总量（436.47 Mg ha ⁻¹）较高，而土壤碳密度（55.68当S _{2与S 1}相同时， Mg ha ^-1 )最大。_{在 S 1}树距和 T ₃处理下实现了最大净收益（14,693 美元 ha ^-1 年^-1 ） 。总体而言，该研究得出的结论是，在P. deltoids–C. 在Longa系统中，在 6 m × 4 m 的杨树间距下施用 75% RDN + 25% FYM 已证明在获得更好的姜黄品质、保持土壤肥力和应对气候变化方面具有功效。