Fusarium wilt of tomato is a destructive disease worldwide, causing economic losses every year. In this research, a biological method was used to control the disease. Metabolite solution of Trichoderma harzianum was used for green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) from zinc nitrate (ZnNO₃), and GC/MS analysis of metabolite was performed. Then, the antifungal activity of the synthesized ZnO-NPs was evaluated in vitro and in vivo conditions. Results were compared to different concentrations of Iprodione+Carbendazim (Rovral-TS®) fungicide. Synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV-Vis spectra showed an intense peak at 339 nm. X-ray diffraction pattern showed the crystalline nature of the ZnO-NPs. FTIR revealed various functional groups including phenols, ketones, aldehydes, aliphatic and primary amines, nitriles, alkanes and alkynes in synthesized ZnO-NPs. The size of the ZnO-NPs was determined to be in the range of 25–60 nm. Based on atomic absorption spectroscopy, the foliar application of synthesized ZnO-NPs led to acceptable level of zinc concentration in the leaves and it can be useful to compensate zinc deficiency. Some growth factors showed relative improvement compared to the control and some of them were not significantly different. Complete inhibition of mycelia growth of F. oxysporum was observed in 100 µg/ml concentration of ZnO-NPs in vitro conditions and disease severity was significantly reduced in vivo conditions, indicating that green synthesized ZnO-NPs gave better results in low concentration than the fungicide.

番茄枯萎病是一种世界性的毁灭性病害，每年都会造成经济损失。在这项研究中，采用生物方法来控制这种疾病。使用哈茨木霉的代谢溶液从硝酸锌（ZnNO ₃）绿色合成氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO-NPs），并对代谢物进行GC/MS分析。然后，在体外和体内条件下评估了合成的 ZnO-NPs 的抗真菌活性。将结果与不同浓度的异菌脲+多菌灵 (Rovral-TS®) 杀菌剂进行比较。使用紫外-可见光谱（UV-Vis）、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对合成的ZnO-NP进行表征。紫外-可见光谱在 339 nm 处显示出强烈的峰值。X 射线衍射图显示了 ZnO-NP 的晶体性质。FTIR 显示了合成的 ZnO-NP 中的各种官能团，包括酚、酮、醛、脂肪族胺和伯胺、腈、烷烃和炔烃。ZnO-NPs 的尺寸确定在 25-60 nm 范围内。基于原子吸收光谱，叶面施用合成的 ZnO-NPs 可以使叶子中的锌浓度达到可接受的水平，可用于补偿锌缺乏。一些生长因子与对照相比显示出相对改善，并且其中一些没有显着差异。在体外条件下，100 µg/ml 浓度的 ZnO-NPs 可以完全抑制尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长，而在体内条件下，疾病严重程度显着降低，表明绿色合成的 ZnO-NPs 在低浓度下比杀菌剂具有更好的效果。