Abstract

The results of sensing of East Antarctica and the adjoining areas of the Southern Ocean by MTVZA-GYа microwave satellite radiometers at frequency ν = 10–190 GHz and AMSR2 at ν = 6–89 GHz in conditions of warm and humid air (an atmospheric river (AR)) invasion from the area of Tasmania area in March 2022 are presented. The surface air warming caused by AR was recorded by the Automatic Weather Station at the coast and at the Vostok, Concordia, and Dome CII stations in East Antarctica. The variability of atmospheric characteristics above Antarctica was studied using readings of radiosondes launched from the Casey station at the coast and Concordia station at a height of 3230 m and time series of brightness temperatures averaged over a circular area 200 km in diameter with the center at a distance of ~200 km from the Concordia station. The influence of air and surface temperature and atmospheric water-vapor content variations on brightness temperature T_b(ν) variations was estimated from the results of modeling of microwave radiation transfer in the atmosphere–firn system using radiosonde profiles from the Concordia station. It was shown that the increase in T_b(ν) at frequencies of 89–92 GHz of a large part of East Antarctica was caused mainly by an increase in the firn temperature. The increase at frequencies of ∼176–190 GHz in the area of the water vapor absorption line was caused by an increase of both the firn temperature and air temperature and humidity. Based on measurements of brightness temperature T_b(ν) over the open ocean at frequencies in the atmospheric-transparency windows of ∼6–48 and 88–92 GHz, wind speed W, cloud liquid-water content Q, and atmospheric water-vapor content V were determined and the temporal variability of parameters in the AR area was studied.

中文翻译：

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2022 年 3 月南极洲东部极端温升卫星微波辐射测量

摘要

MTVZA-GYа 微波卫星辐射计在 ν = 10–190 GHz 频率和 AMSR2 在 ν = 6–89 GHz 条件下在暖湿空气（大气河流）条件下对东南极洲和南大洋邻近地区的遥感结果(AR)) 介绍了 2022 年 3 月来自塔斯马尼亚地区的入侵。由 AR 引起的地表空气变暖由海岸自动气象站以及南极洲东部的 Vostok、Concordia 和 Dome CII 站记录。利用海岸凯西站和海拔 3230 m 的康科迪亚站发射的无线电探空仪读数以及以中心点为中心、直径 200 km 的圆形区域平均亮度温度的时间序列，研究了南极洲上空大气特征的变化。距 Concordia 车站约 200 公里。空气和地表温度以及大气水汽含量变化对亮度温度T _b (ν) 变化的影响是根据康考迪亚站无线电探空仪剖面对大气-辐射系统中微波辐射传输建模的结果估计的。结果表明，南极洲东部大部分地区89~92 GHz频率下T _{b (ν)的增加主要是由冰层温度的增加引起的。}水蒸气吸收线区域频率~176-190 GHz 的增加是由温度和空气温度和湿度的增加引起的。基于大气透明度窗口 ∼6-48 和 88-92 GHz 频率下公海亮温T _{b (ν)、风速}W、云液态水含量Q和大气水汽的测量确定了含量V并研究了 AR 区域参数的时间变化。