Abstract

Eye drops represent the traditional form of medication delivery for the eyes, constituting approximately 90% of the presently available ophthalmic formulations. While they are generally well-received by patients, a significant challenge associated with eye drops is the rapid loss of medication before it reaches the cornea. The creation of new systems and means of drug delivery is important for solving the main problems of medicine – improving the therapeutic efficiency, tolerability, and safety of medical therapy. In the treatment of numerous of eye diseases, the main problem is creating a constant and sufficient concentration of drugs in the lesion due to the peculiarities of the anatomical and physiological structure of the eyeball. New approaches to non-invasive drug delivery are being developed, such as eye implants, contact lenses, as well as drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, microneedles and liposomes. In situ gelation systems are also the subject of study and promising developments. Combining drugs within conventional delivery systems has the potential to pave the way for enhanced outcomes and improved therapeutic responses, particularly for systems that have previously shown limited effectiveness. This review discusses current understanding and recent discoveries attributed the utilisation of drug delivery systems in ophthalmology, including the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each class of delivery system.

中文翻译：

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眼科药物输送系统应用最新进展综述

摘要

滴眼剂代表了传统的眼睛药物输送形式，约占目前可用眼科制剂的 90%。虽然它们普遍受到患者的欢迎，但与滴眼剂相关的一个重大挑战是药物在到达角膜之前会迅速流失。创建新的药物输送系统和手段对于解决医学的主要问题——提高药物治疗的治疗效率、耐受性和安全性非常重要。在许多眼部疾病的治疗中，由于眼球的解剖和生理结构的特殊性，主要问题是在病变部位产生恒定且足够的药物浓度。新的非侵入性药物输送方法正在开发中，例如眼植入物、隐形眼镜以及基于纳米粒子、胶束、树枝状聚合物、微针和脂质体的药物输送系统。原位凝胶系统也是研究和有希望发展的主题。在传统的递送系统中组合药物有可能为增强结果和改善治疗反应铺平道路，特别是对于以前显示出有限有效性的系统。本综述讨论了目前对药物输送系统在眼科应用的理解和最新发现，包括每类输送系统的特点、优点和缺点。