Neuroimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myasthenia gravis, and Guillain–Barré syndrome, are characterized by the dysfunction of both the immune system and the nervous system. Increasing evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles and autophagy are closely associated with the pathogenesis of these disorders. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the interactions between extracellular vesicles and autophagy in neuroimmune disorders and discuss their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Here we highlight the need for further research to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these disorders, and to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

神经免疫性疾病，如多发性硬化症、视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍、重症肌无力和吉兰-巴利综合征，其特征是免疫系统和神经系统功能障碍。越来越多的证据表明细胞外囊泡和自噬与这些疾病的发病机制密切相关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对神经免疫性疾病中细胞外囊泡和自噬之间相互作用的理解，并讨论了它们潜在的诊断和治疗应用。在这里，我们强调需要进一步研究，以充分了解这些疾病的机制，并开发新的诊断和治疗策略。