Abstract

The research was carried out to assess the adaptability of spring soft wheat varieties based on the results of their environmental studies in different zones of the Orenburg region. In 2015–2020, 14 varieties were studied in the conditions of the Cis-Urals and 17 varieties were studied in the Trans-Urals. The experiments were carried out: in the Cis-Ural region on ordinary chernozem with a content of 2.9–5.6 mg/100 g of nitrate nitrogen in the soil layer of 0–30 cm (per 100 g), 2.3–2.8 and 26.7–38.4 mg/100 g of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Machigin); in the Trans-Urals on southern chernozem with a 4.3–5.8 mg/100 g of nitrate nitrogen, 0.8–1.9 and 25…48 mg/100 g of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Machigin). Favorable conditions have developed in 2015 with the HTC = 1.10 in the Cis-Urals and 1.34 in the Trans-Urals and 0.58 and 0.86 in 2017. The 2020 season was unfavorable, the HTC amounted to 0.30 in the Cis-Ural region and 0.24 in the Trans-Ural region. The yield of the studied varieties in favorable years reached 3.94 t/ha in the Cis-Ural region and 3.05 t/ha in the Trans-Ural region. When weather conditions worsened, grain harvest decreased to 0.94 t/ha and 0.50 t/ha, respectively. To assess the ecological adaptability of varieties, the indicator of ecological plasticity according to A.A. Gryaznov, the stability index and the stability index of the stability index (SSSI), the coefficient of variation of yield, and the homeoadaptability index were calculated. The final assessment of the adaptability of varieties was carried out by ranking the varieties according to indicators of environmental plasticity. Orenburgskaya 23, Favorit, Ulyanovskaya 105, Erika, Prokhorovka with an average yield over the years of research of 2.53–2.72 t/ha were the most adaptive varieties in the Cis-Ural region (sum of ranks 21–32). In the eastern zone, Orenburgskaya 23, Orenburgskaya 22, Orenburgskaya 13, Raduga, Ekada 97, and Ulyanovskaya 100 with an average yield of 1.75–2.21 t/ha were the best varieties (sum of ranks 9–39).

中文翻译：

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奥伦堡地区春软麦品种适应性评价

摘要

该研究旨在根据奥伦堡地区不同地区的环境研究结果评估春软小麦品种的适应性。2015-2020年，在顺乌拉尔地区研究了14个品种，在跨乌拉尔地区研究了17个品种。实验进行如下：在顺乌拉尔地区，0-30 厘米土层（每 100 克）硝态氮含量为 2.9-5.6 毫克/100 克的普通黑钙土、2.3-2.8 和 26.7- 38.4 毫克/100 克移动磷和钾（根据 Machigin）；在黑钙土南部的跨乌拉尔山脉中，硝酸盐氮含量为 4.3–5.8 毫克/100 克，移动磷和钾含量为 0.8–1.9 和 25…48 毫克/100 克（根据 Machigin 数据）。2015 年情况良好，顺乌拉尔地区的 HTC = 1.10，跨乌拉尔地区的 HTC 为 1.34，2017 年为 0.58 和 0.86。2020 年的情况不利，顺乌拉尔地区的 HTC 为 0.30，乌拉尔地区的 HTC 为 0.24。跨乌拉尔地区。研究品种在有利年份的产量在顺乌拉尔地区达到3.94吨/公顷，在跨乌拉尔地区达到3.05吨/公顷。当天气条件恶化时，粮食产量分别减少至0.94吨/公顷和0.50吨/公顷。为了评价品种的生态适应性，计算了AA Gryaznov的生态可塑性指标、稳定性指数和稳定性指数（SSSI）、产量变异系数和顺应性指数。根据环境可塑性指标对品种进行排名，对品种适​​应性进行最终评估。Orenburgskaya 23、Favorit、Ulyanovskaya 105、Erika、Prokhorovka 的多年研究平均产量为 2.53–2.72 吨/公顷，是顺乌拉尔地区适应性最强的品种（排名 21–32 的总和）。在东部地区，平均产量为1.75-2.21吨/公顷的奥伦堡23、奥伦堡22、奥伦堡13、Raduga、Ekada 97和Ulyanovskaya 100是最好的品种（排名9-39的总和）。