Abstract

The review addresses the main approaches to desulfurization of hydrocarbon products by adsorption methods. Examples of the use of various supports (metal-organic frameworks, various porous carbons, silica, and alumina) for the removal of acidic sulfur components from gas and liquid hydrocarbons are presented. Modification of the supports with transition metals, oxides, salts, and complex compounds to remove hydrogen sulfide and thiols from hydrocarbon raw materials is substantiated. The environmental friendliness and lower energy consumption for the use of silica gel modified with Zn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) carboxylates to refine hydrocarbon fuel are demonstrated. A comparison of the theoretical calculations (DFT) with experimental results attests to good agreement between the data. The choice of the parameters for silica gel surface modification with metal carboxylates is discussed, including pore size of the support, time and power of the ultrasonic treatment for the support impregnation with solutions of complexes, optimal concentration of transition metal complexes, effect of the geometry of complexes on their adsorption and on the absorption of acidic sulfur components, and so on. According to quantum chemical calculations and experimental results, metal sulfides are formed as the final products of reactions of both hydrogen sulfide and thiols with metal carboxylates. Zinc pivalate is proposed as the most promising modifier for silica, which not only efficiently removes sulfur impurities, but also gives rise to nontoxic zinc sulfide supported on silica gel.

中文翻译：

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用于去除碳氢燃料中酸性硫杂质的过渡金属（Zn(II)、Co(II)、Cu(II)、Ni(II)）配合物

摘要

该综述讨论了通过吸附法对碳氢化合物产品进行脱硫的主要方法。介绍了使用各种载体（金属有机骨架、各种多孔碳、二氧化硅和氧化铝）从气体和液体烃中去除酸性硫组分的例子。证实了用过渡金属、氧化物、盐和络合物对载体进行改性以从烃原料中去除硫化氢和硫醇。证明了使用Zn(II)、Co(II)、Ni(II)和Cu(II)羧酸盐改性的硅胶来精炼烃类燃料具有环境友好性和较低的能耗。理论计算（DFT）与实验结果的比较证明了数据之间的良好一致性。讨论了金属羧酸盐硅胶表面改性参数的选择，包括载体孔径、配合物溶液浸渍载体超声处理的时间和功率、过渡金属配合物的最佳浓度、几何形状的影响络合物的吸附以及对酸性硫组分的吸附等。根据量子化学计算和实验结果，金属硫化物是硫化氢和硫醇与金属羧酸盐反应的最终产物。新戊酸锌被认为是最有前途的二氧化硅改性剂，它不仅可以有效去除硫杂质，而且可以产生负载在硅胶上的无毒硫化锌。