A new Al–Ca–Ce alloy system is investigated which is the basis for creating “natural composites” based upon aluminum. With the help of thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies of alloy structure and phase composition for all of the structure and elements of the composition diagram for an area rich in aluminum is proposed: projection of the liquidus surface and phase distribution in the solid state. The composition and structure of primary crystals of the phases Al₄Ca and Al₁₁Ce₃ in equilibrium with an aluminum solid solution are studied using the XMRA and XPA methods, and mutual solubility of calcium and cerium within these phases is established with formation of compounds Al₄(Ca,Ce) and Al₁₁(Ce,Ca)₃. Changes in primary crystal and eutectic microhardness as a result of calcium and cerium mutual solubility within them are investigated. Using nonequilibrium crystallization calculated data according to the Scheil–Gulliver model, in particular direct and differential thermal analyses, alloy critical temperatures and L → [(Al) + Al₄Ca + Al₁₁Ce₃(Al₄Ce)] ternary eutectic reaction temperature are calculated. Prospects for eutectic alloy Al6.5Ca3.5Ce as a high-tech heat-resistant “natural composite” are demonstrated.

研究了一种新的 Al-Ca-Ce 合金体系，这是创建基于铝的“天然复合材料”的基础。借助热力学计算和对合金结构和相组成的实验研究，提出了富铝区域的所有结构和元素的组成图：液相线表面的投影和固态中的相分布。使用XMRA和XPA方法研究了与铝固溶体平衡的Al ₄ Ca和Al ₁₁ Ce ₃相的初生晶体的组成和结构，并通过化合物的形成建立了钙和铈在这些相中的互溶性Al ₄ (Ca,Ce) 和Al ₁₁ (Ce,Ca) ₃。研究了由于钙和铈在其中互溶而引起的初晶和共晶显微硬度的变化。使用根据 Scheil-Gulliver 模型的非平衡结晶计算数据，特别是直接热分析和差热分析、合金临界温度和 L → [(Al) + Al ₄ Ca + Al ₁₁ Ce ₃ (Al ₄ Ce)] 三元共晶反应温度被计算。论证了共晶合金Al6.5Ca3.5Ce作为高科技耐热“天然复合材料”的前景。