Corrosion processes were studied in epigenic caves of the Moravian Karst (MK). Samples of naturally corroded speleothems and carbonate rocks collected in various MK caves were compared with limestone and calcite standards that were corroded under well-controlled conditions in the laboratory. Two stages of corrosion were distinguished: (1) an early stage of pitting and linear corrosion predisposed by point and line defects in the standards, and (2) an advanced stage characterized by deep corrosion of the entire standard surface. During the second stage, the internal structure of the corroded substrate remained partially preserved, however, if the water was extremely aggressive, the corrosion progressed to depth en-bloc regardless of the structure. In this paper, we (1) proposed a new corrosion mechanism based on the binding of aqueous calcium by clays and tested it experimentally in the cave, (2) characterized conditions that generally favor the formation of aggressive waters (water undersaturated with calcite) into seven categories incorporating them into a conceptual model of the karst vertical profile, and (3) discussed anthropogenic influences on these processes.

在摩拉维亚喀斯特 (MK) 的表生洞穴中研究了腐蚀过程。将在各个 MK 洞穴中收集的自然腐蚀洞穴和碳酸盐岩样品与在实验室良好控制条件下腐蚀的石灰石和方解石标准进行比较。腐蚀分为两个阶段：（1）早期阶段的点蚀和线状腐蚀，由标准中的点和线缺陷引起，（2）晚期阶段，其特征是整个标准表面的深度腐蚀。在第二阶段，腐蚀基材的内部结构仍然部分保留，但是，如果水的侵蚀性极强，则无论结构如何，腐蚀都会整体进展到深度。在本文中，我们（1）提出了一种基于粘土与水钙结合的新腐蚀机制，并在洞穴中进行了实验测试，（2）描述了通常有利于侵蚀性水（方解石不饱和水）形成的条件七个类别将它们纳入喀斯特垂直剖面的概念模型中，并且（3）讨论了人为对这些过程的影响。