Abstract

Soil is one of the largest reservoirs of microbial diversity in nature. Although soil management is vital for agricultural purposes, intensive practices can have a significant impact on fertility, microbial community, and resistome. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an intensive soil management system on the chemical attributes, composition and structure of prevalent bacterial communities, and presence and abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). The chemical characterization, bacterial diversity and relative abundance of ARGs were evaluated in soils from areas of intensive vegetable cultivation and forests. Results indicate that levels of nutrients and heavy metals were higher in soil samples from cultivated areas. Similarly, greater enrichment and diversity of bacterial genera was detected in agricultural areas. Of the 18 target ARGs evaluated, seven were detected in studied soils. The oprD gene exhibited the highest abundance among the studied genes and was the only one that showed a significantly different prevalence between areas. The oprD gene was identified only from soil of the cultivated areas. The bla_SFO, erm(36), oprD and van genes, in addition to the pH, showed greater correlation with in soil of cultivated areas, which in turn exhibited higher contents of nutrients. Thus, in addition to changes in chemical attributes and in the microbial community of the soil, intensive agricultural cultivation systems cause a modification of its resistome, reinforcing the importance of the study of antimicrobial resistance in a One Health approach.

中文翻译：

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巴西东南部大西洋森林农业生态系统中土壤的集约利用对化学属性、细菌群落和抗生素抗性基因产生影响

摘要

土壤是自然界微生物多样性的最大库之一。尽管土壤管理对于农业目的至关重要，但集约化实践会对肥力、微生物群落和抗性产生重大影响。因此，本研究的目的是评估集约化土壤管理系统对常见细菌群落的化学属性、组成和结构以及抗菌素耐药基因（ARG）的存在和丰度的影响。在集约蔬菜种植区和森林的土壤中评估了 ARG 的化学特征、细菌多样性和相对丰度。结果表明，耕地土壤样品中的养分和重金属含量较高。同样，在农业地区也发现了细菌属的丰富度和多样性。在评估的 18 种目标 ARG 中，有 7 种是在研究的土壤中检测到的。opr D 基因在所研究的基因中表现出最高的丰度，并且是唯一一个在地区之间表现出显着差异的基因。opr D基因仅从耕地土壤中鉴定出来。bla _SFO、erm (36) 、opr D 和van基因除了与 pH值外，还与耕地土壤表现出更大的相关性，从而表现出更高的养分含量。因此，除了化学属性和土壤微生物群落的变化之外，集约化农业耕作系统还会导致其抗性组的改变，从而加强了在“同一个健康”方法中研究抗菌素耐药性的重要性。