Extreme climates and the unpredictability of the weather are significant obstacles to agricultural productivity. This study is the first attempt to explore the capacity of nanobonechar (NBC) for promoting climate-smart agriculture. A pot experiment was performed on maize (Zea mays L.) under a deficit irrigation system (40, 70, and 100% irrigation rates) using different soil application rates of the NBC (0, 0.5, 1, and 2% wt/wt). Additionally, the CO₂–C efflux rate and cumulative CO₂–C were measured in an incubation experiment. The results indicated the best performance of the 1% NBC treatment under a 70% irrigation rate in terms of the fresh and dry weights of maize plants. Total PO₄³⁻ and Ca²⁺ were significantly higher in the plants grown in the NBC-amended soil as compared to the control, showing a gradual increase with an increase in the NBC application rate. The improved productivity of maize plants under a deficit irrigation system was associated with enhanced water-holding capacity, organic matter, and bioavailability of cations (Ca²⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺) and anions (PO₄³⁻ and NO₃⁻) in the soils amended with NBC. The CO₂–C efflux rate and cumulative CO₂–C emissions remain higher in the NBC-amended soil than in the un-amended soil, pertaining to the high contents of soil organic matter emanating from the NBC. We conclude that NBC could potentially be used as a soil amendment for promoting maize growth under a water stress condition.

极端气候和不可预测的天气是农业生产力的重大障碍。这项研究是探索纳米骨炭（NBC）促进气候智能型农业能力的首次尝试。使用不同的 NBC 土壤施用率（0、0.5、1 和 2% wt/wt），在亏缺灌溉系统（40%、70% 和 100% 灌溉率）下对玉米（ Zea mays L. ）进行了盆栽试验。）。此外，在孵化实验中测量了CO ₂ –C 流出率和累积CO _{2 –C。}结果表明，就玉米植株的鲜重和干重而言，1% NBC 处理在 70% 灌溉率下表现最佳。与对照相比，在 NBC 改良土壤中生长的植物中的总 PO ₄ ³⁻和 Ca ^{2+明显较高，随着 NBC 施用量的增加而逐渐增加。缺水灌溉系统下玉米植株生产力的提高与持水能力、有机质以及阳离子（Ca 2+}、K ⁺和 Na ⁺）和阴离子（PO ₄ ³⁻和 NO ₃ ^{− ）}生物利用度的增强有关。）在用 NBC 改良的土壤中。NBC 改良土壤中的CO ₂ –C 流出率和累计 CO ₂ –C 排放量仍然高于未改良土壤，这与 NBC 散发的土壤有机质含量较高有关。我们得出的结论是，NBC 有可能用作土壤改良剂，以促进水分胁迫条件下的玉米生长。