Insight into prevalence, etiology, and modalities of pediatric chronic dialysis: a comprehensive nationwide analysis,Pediatric Nephrology

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Insight into prevalence, etiology, and modalities of pediatric chronic dialysis: a comprehensive nationwide analysis
Pediatric Nephrology ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 , DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06245-w
Khalid Alhasan , Amro Attaf Alsalmi , Weiam Almaiman , Adi J. Al Herbish , Afrah Farhat , Ibrahim Sandokji , Majed Aloufi , Hassan Yahya Faqeehi , Naif Abdulmajeed , Abdulkarim Alanazi , Abdulaziz AlHassan , Abdulaziz Alshathri , Abeer Mohammad Almalki , Afaf Alawi Bafageeh , Ali M. Aldajani , Ashraf AlMuzain , Faten Sudan Almuteri , Haydar Hassan Nasser , Khalid Al Alsheikh , Khamisa Mohamed Almokali , Magbul Maghfuri , Mohamed Waleed Abukhatwah , Muawia Abdulla Mohamed Ahmed , Naeima Fatani , Naffaa Al-Harbi , Rezqah Fajor AlDhaferi , Sulaiman Amohaimeed , Zahra Hussain AlSannaa , Mohamed A. Shalaby , Rupesh Raina , Dieter Clemens Broering , Jameela A. Kari , Mohamad-Hani Temsah

Background

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and etiology of kidney failure (KF) among children below 15 years of age receiving chronic dialysis in Saudi Arabia and describe their dialysis modalities.

Methods

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 8 August 2022, encompassing all 23 pediatric dialysis centers in Saudi Arabia. Data gathered comprised patient demographics, causes of KF, and the dialysis methods employed. Collected data underwent analysis to determine prevalence of children undergoing chronic dialysis, discern underlying causes of KF, and evaluate distribution of patients across different dialysis modalities.

Results

The prevalence of children on chronic dialysis is 77.6 per million children living in Saudi Arabia, equating to 419 children. The predominant underlying cause of KF was congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT), representing a substantial 41% of cases. Following this, others or unknown etiologies accounted for a noteworthy 25% of cases, with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) comprising 13%, glomerulonephritis at 11%, and congenital nephrotic syndrome contributing 10% to etiological distribution. Regarding dialysis modalities employed, 67% of patients were on peritoneal dialysis (PD), while the remaining 33% were on hemodialysis (HD).

Conclusions

This first nationwide study of pediatric chronic dialysis in Saudi Arabia sheds light on the prevalence of children undergoing chronic dialysis and underlying causes of their KF, thereby contributing to our understanding of clinical management considerations. This research serves as a stepping stone for the development of national registries.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

深入了解儿科慢性透析的患病率、病因和方式：全国范围内的综合分析

背景

本研究旨在确定沙特阿拉伯 15 岁以下接受慢性透析的儿童中肾衰竭 (KF) 的患病率和病因，并描述他们的透析方式。

方法

这项横断面描述性研究于 2022 年 8 月 8 日进行，涵盖沙特阿拉伯所有 23 个儿科透析中心。收集的数据包括患者人口统计数据、KF 的病因以及所采用的透析方法。对收集的数据进行分析，以确定接受慢性透析的儿童的患病率，辨别卡夫费氏的根本原因，并评估不同透析方式的患者分布。

结果

在沙特阿拉伯，每 100 万名儿童中就有 77.6 名接受慢性透析的儿童，相当于 419 名儿童。KF 的主要原因是肾脏和尿路先天性异常 (CAKUT)，占病例的 41%。其次，其他或未知病因占病例的 25%，其中局灶节段性肾小球硬化 (FSGS) 占 13%，肾小球肾炎占 11%，先天性肾病综合征占病因分布的 10%。关于所采用的透析方式，67% 的患者接受腹膜透析 (PD)，其余 33% 的患者接受血液透析 (HD)。