Abstract

Understanding the dynamic changes in grape characteristics during ripening is crucial for enhancing grape quality, which, in turn, influences overall viticulture practices. This study aimed to investigate the temporal and cultivar-specific variations in grape characteristics, focusing on BAs, phenolic compounds, antioxidant enzymes, and organic acids. Our results revealed that Bozcaada Çavuşu*Kuntra and Kuntra grapes exhibited the most significant growth in size, weight, and maturity index at the final developmental stage (EL-38), while Vasilâki showed a nuanced maturation pattern with significant increases in berry width but not weight. Across all varieties, the highest maturity index and Total Soluble Solids percentages were observed at EL-38. The investigation of BAs revealed a significant decrease in Put levels from 2.62 at EL-32 to 2.04 mg L⁻¹ at EL-38, contrasting with an increasing trend in Agm concentrations from 0.25 at EL-29 to 0.37 mg L⁻¹ at EL-38. Bozcaada Çavuşu*Kuntra stood out with the highest Cad concentration at 2.96 mg L⁻¹. The analysis of phenolic compounds highlighted a distinct temporal pattern for gallic acid, increasing from 1.60 at EL-29 to 3.77 g L⁻¹ at EL-32 and maintaining stability at 3.74 g L⁻¹ at EL-38. Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki consistently exhibited higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, such as epicatechin (5.69 g L⁻¹) and tyrosol (7.00 g L⁻¹). Antioxidant enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutase in grape cultivars showed significant temporal variations, indicating a dynamic oxidative stress response during berry ripening. Catalase activity decreased from 14.04 to 11.20 EU/gr berry between EL-29 and EL-38. The multifaceted regulation of superoxide dismutase by sampling time and cultivar highlighted the complexity of antioxidant dynamics in grapevine physiology. In conclusion, this comprehensive study sheds light on the intricate interplay of temporal and cultivar-specific factors influencing grape characteristics, providing valuable insights for optimizing viticulture practices and enhancing overall grape quality.

中文翻译：

---

浆果特征、生化成分和成熟阶段生理反应的动态：研究授粉品种对 Bozcaada Çavuşu (Vitis vinifera L. cv) 生理雌性的影响

摘要

了解成熟过程中葡萄特性的动态变化对于提高葡萄质量至关重要，而葡萄质量反过来又会影响整体葡萄栽培实践。本研究旨在研究葡萄特性的时间和品种特异性变化，重点关注 BA、酚类化合物、抗氧化酶和有机酸。我们的结果显示，Bozcaada Çavuşu*Kuntra 和 Kuntra 葡萄在最终发育阶段 (EL-38) 在大小、重量和成熟度指数方面表现出最显着的增长，而 Vasilâki 表现出微妙的成熟模式，浆果宽度显着增加，但没有增加。重量。在所有品种中，EL-38 的成熟度指数和总可溶性固体百分比最高。BA 的研究显示 Put 水平显着下降，从 EL-32 的 2.62 降至 EL-38 的 2.04 mg L ^-1，而 Agm 浓度则呈上升趋势，从 EL-29 的 0.25 升至EL 的0.37 mg L ^-1 -38。Bozcaada Çavuşu*Kuntra 的镉浓度最高，为 2.96 mg L ^-1。酚类化合物的分析强调了没食子酸的独特时间模式，从 EL-29 的 1.60 增加到EL-32 的3.77 g L ^{-1 ，并在 EL-38 的 3.74 g L -1}保持稳定。Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki 始终表现出较高浓度的酚类化合物，例如表儿茶素 (5.69 g L ^-1 ) 和酪醇 (7.00 g L ^-1 )。葡萄品种中的过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶等抗氧化酶表现出显着的时间变化，表明浆果成熟过程中存在动态氧化应激反应。EL-29 和 EL-38 之间过氧化氢酶活性从 14.04 EU/gr 浆果降低至 11.20 EU/gr 浆果。采样时间和品种对超氧化物歧化酶的多方面调节凸显了葡萄生理学中抗氧化动力学的复杂性。总之，这项综合研究揭示了影响葡萄特性的时间和品种特定因素之间错综复杂的相互作用，为优化葡萄栽培实践和提高整体葡萄质量提供了宝贵的见解。