Abstract

Based on the data of complex environmental studies, which have been regularly carried out at six standard stations of the Rybinsk Reservoir since the middle of the 20th century, the orientation of changes in the elements of the reservoir ecosystem associated with global climatic events has been analyzed. During the period of climate warming, which began in 1977 and continues into the 21st century, the air temperature in the warm season has increased by 0.9°C, the water temperature by 1.4°C, the average annual inflow by 7.5%, and the duration of the ice-free period by 2 weeks. An increase in electrical conductivity and color of water and a decrease in transparency are noted. With significant interannual variations in biological characteristics, in the 21st century, the number of bacterioplankton has increased 1.7 times and bacterial production has doubled. Chlorophyll content has increased 1.4 times and mean values >15 μg/L reflecting the eutrophic state of the reservoir are observed more often. In the biomass of phytoplankton, the proportion of small cell forms has increased. The total abundance of phytoplankton has increased due to the development of cyanobacteria, which form a long summer maximum in the seasonal dynamics of the community. The increase in water mineralization promoted the progressive spread of alien brackish-water algae. The biomass of zooplankton has increased 2.5 times. An increase in the abundance of crustaceans (Cladocerans by 1.6 times and Copepods by 1.9 times) has caused a change in the structure of zooplankton and the formation of a strong late summer peak of biomass. The intensification of hydrobiological processes was clearly manifested after the abnormally hot 2010, the conditions of which not only stimulated the development of plankton communities, but also caused the formation of oxygen deficiency in the bottom layers. Warming has significantly transformed the ecosystem of the Rybinsk Reservoir, intensified eutrophication processes, and worsened water quality. Changes in hydrometeorological characteristics have gone beyond the mild scenario of climate warming.

中文翻译：

---

气候变化条件下雷宾斯克水库浮游生物群落结构与功能

摘要

基于20世纪中叶以来在雷宾斯克水库6个标准站定期开展的复杂环境研究数据，分析了水库生态系统要素与全球气候事件相关的变化方向。从1977年开始一直持续到21世纪的气候变暖期间，暖季气温上升了0.9℃，水温上升了1.4℃，年平均流入量增加了7.5%，无冰期持续2周。注意到水的电导率和颜色增加以及透明度降低。生物学特性年际变化显着，进入21世纪，浮游细菌数量增加了1.7倍，细菌产量增加了一倍。叶绿素含量增加了1.4倍，且平均值>15μg/L的情况更加频繁地出现，反映了水库的富营养化状态。在浮游植物的生物量中，小细胞形式的比例有所增加。由于蓝藻的发展，浮游植物的总丰度有所增加，蓝藻在群落的季节性动态中形成了一个漫长的夏季最大值。水矿化度的增加促进了外来微咸水藻类的逐渐扩散。浮游动物生物量增加了2.5倍。甲壳类动物（枝角类增加了1.6倍，桡足类增加了1.9倍）的丰度增加引起了浮游动物结构的变化，并形成了夏末生物量的强烈峰值。2010年异常炎热之后，水生生物过程的加剧明显显现，这种条件不仅刺激了浮游生物群落的发展，而且造成了底层缺氧的形成。气候变暖显着改变了雷宾斯克水库的生态系统，加剧了富营养化过程，水质恶化。水文气象特征的变化已经超出了气候变暖的温和情景。