Abstract

Drug plant raw materials represent an important source of biologically active substances (BASs), which are used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and other industries. This paper presents the results of studying colloidal properties of crushed sophora Japanese fruits (hereinafter referred to as sophora) in order to improve the extraction of BASs. To achieve the goal, the following tasks have been set: the study of the ζ potential of sophora particles at different times of contact between the particles and an extractant and the pH values of the medium; determining the isoelectric point (IEP) of the sophora particles by electrophoresis; finding the point of zero charge (PZC) of sophora particles using potentiometric titration; and studying the influence of medium pH, sophora particle size, temperature, the presence of surfactants and ions, and the nature of an extractant on sophora swelling. The points of zero charge \({\text{(p}}{{{\text{H}}}_{{{\text{PZC}}}}}\) ) of the aqueous dispersions of sophora and extracted flavonoids are 5.8 and 5.2, respectively, thus being close to the values \({\text{p}}{{{\text{H}}}_{{{\text{IEP}}}}}\) . The swelling of sophora particles is limited and accompanied by the gradual fracture of the plant cells. Adsorption equilibrium is achieved within 30 min. In an alkaline region and in the presence of alcohol, the swelling of the sophora particles decreases, while it increases at elevated temperature and in the presence of NaI ions.

中文翻译：

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槐果分散体的胶体特性

摘要

药用植物原料是生物活性物质（BAS）的重要来源，用于制药、化妆品、食品和其他行业。本文介绍了为了改进 BAS 的提取而对粉碎的槐果（以下简称槐果）的胶体性质进行研究的结果。为实现这一目标，确定了以下任务：研究槐颗粒与提取剂接触不同时间时的ζ电位以及介质的pH值；通过电泳测定苦参颗粒的等电点(IEP)；利用电位滴定法找到槐颗粒的零电荷点（PZC）；并研究了介质pH值、槐花颗粒大小、温度、表面活性剂和离子的存在以及提取剂的性质对槐花膨胀的影响。槐花和提取黄酮类水分散体的零电荷点\({\text{(p}}{{{\text{H}}}_{{{\text{PZC}}}}}\) )分别为 5.8 和 5.2，因此接近值\({\text{p}}{{{\text{H}}}_{{{\text{IEP}}}}}\)。槐颗粒的膨胀是有限的，并伴随着植物细胞的逐渐破裂。30 分钟内达到吸附平衡。在碱性区域和存在酒精的情况下，槐花颗粒的溶胀会减小，而在高温和存在 NaI 离子的情况下会增加。