As component manufacturing technology evolves, more demands are placed on improved performance of metal/alloy powders in medical, military, machining, and 3D printing applications. High-quality powders are characterized by low oxygen content, precise alloy composition, small particle size, and high particle sphericity. Coupled gas atomization powder preparation technology is an ideal choice for preparing high-quality powders with high atomization efficiency, low oxygen content, and high cooling rate. However, this powder preparation technology’s multiphase flow and multiscale coupling is a complicated physical process. In addition, the mechanism of atomization has not yet been fully understood. Thus, there is no consensus on the atomization phenomena and atomization mechanisms. Close-coupled gas atomization powder preparation technology is facing great challenges in the field of low-cost mass production of high-quality powders. Therefore, it is expected to improve the close-coupled gas atomized powder preparation technology and achieve breakthroughs in atomization principle, such as high-efficiency gas atomization technology, intelligent control of the high-efficiency gas atomization process, and so on. In this respect, this review summarizes the atomizer structures, gas atomization flow field-testing technologies, and gas atomization flow field numerical simulations based on relevant literature. In addition, the gas atomization mechanism of the closely coupled atomizers will be analyzed. Finally, several research directions are proposed for further in-depth studies on the atomization characteristics and mechanisms of close-coupled vortex loop slit atomizers.

随着部件制造技术的发展，医疗、军事、机械加工和 3D 打印应用中对金属/合金粉末性能的提高提出了更多要求。高质量粉末的特点是氧含量低、合金成分精确、粒径小、颗粒球形度高。耦合气雾化粉末制备技术是制备雾化效率高、氧含量低、冷却速率高的高质量粉末的理想选择。然而，该粉体制备技术的多相流、多尺度耦合是一个复杂的物理过程。此外，雾化的机理尚未完全清楚。因此，对于原子化现象和原子化机制尚未达成共识。紧耦合气雾化粉末制备技术在低成本批量生产高质量粉末领域面临着巨大挑战。因此，有望完善紧耦合气体雾化粉末制备技术，实现雾化原理的突破，如高效气体雾化技术、高效气体雾化过程的智能控制等。为此，本文结合相关文献对雾化器结构、气体雾化流场测试技术以及气体雾化流场数值模拟进行了综述。此外，还将分析紧密耦合雾化器的气体雾化机理。最后，提出了进一步深入研究紧耦合涡环狭缝雾化器雾化特性和机理的几个研究方向。