Previous studies have demonstrated a dynamical linkage between the ozone and stratospheric polar vortex strength, but only a few have mentioned the persistence of the anomalous vortex. This study uses the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise to decompose the winter stratospheric northern annular mode (NAM) variabilities into relatively low frequencies (>4 months) and high frequencies (<2 months) (denoted as NAM_L and NAM_H) and investigates their relationship with the Arctic ozone concentration in March. A closer relationship is found between the Arctic ozone and the NAM_L, i.e. a persistently strong stratospheric polar vortex in winter (especially February–March) is more critical than a short-lasting extremely strong vortex in contributing to Arctic ozone depletion. We find that a negative NAM_H or major stratospheric sudden warming event in early winter could be a precursor for the anomalous depletion of Arctic ozone in March. The NAM_L changes are further related to the warm North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and ‘central-type’ El Niño-like or La Niña-like SST anomalies in early winter months, as well as cold North Atlantic SST anomalies and higher sea ice concentration in the Barents–Kara Sea from late-autumn to early-spring.

中文翻译：

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平流层北部环模的低频和高频变化与北极臭氧消耗之间的联系

先前的研究已经证明了臭氧与平流层极地涡旋强度之间的动态联系，但只有少数研究提到了异常涡旋的持续存在。本研究采用带有自适应噪声的完整集合经验模态分解，将冬季平流层北环模（NAM）变异分解为相对低频（>4个月）和高频（<2个月）（记为NAM _L和 NAM _H）并研究了它们与三月份北极臭氧浓度的关系。北极臭氧与NAML之间存在更密切的关系_，即冬季（特别是2月至3月）持续强烈的平流层极地涡旋比短暂的极强涡旋对北极臭氧消耗的影响更大。我们发现，初冬的负 NAM _H或主要平流层突然变暖事件可能是 3 月份北极臭氧异常消耗的先兆。 NAM _L的变化进一步与北太平洋温暖的海表温度（SST）异常和初冬月份的“中心型”厄尔尼诺或拉尼娜型海温异常以及寒冷的北大西洋海温异常和晚秋至早春巴伦支海-喀拉海海冰浓度较高。