The biofilm formation by various pathogens causes chronic infections and poses severe threats to industry, healthcare, and society. They can form biofilm on surfaces of medical implants, heart valves, pacemakers, contact lenses, vascular grafts, urinary catheters, dialysis catheters, etc. These biofilms play a central role in bacterial persistence and antibiotic tolerance. Biofilm formation occurs in a series of steps, and any interference in these steps can prevent its formation. Therefore, the hunt to explore and develop effective anti-biofilm strategies became necessary to decrease the rate of biofilm-related infections. In this review, we highlighted and discussed the current therapeutic approaches to eradicate biofilm formation and combat drug resistance by anti-biofilm drugs, phytocompounds, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), antimicrobial lipids (AMLs), matrix-degrading enzymes, nanoparticles, phagebiotics, surface coatings, photodynamic therapy (PDT), riboswitches, vaccines, and antibodies. The clinical validation of these findings will provide novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for biofilm-associated infections to the medical world.

各种病原体形成的生物膜会导致慢性感染，并对工业、医疗保健和社会构成严重威胁。它们可以在医疗植入物、心脏瓣膜、起搏器、隐形眼镜、血管移植物、导尿管、透析导管等表面形成生物膜。这些生物膜在细菌持久性和抗生素耐受性方面发挥着核心作用。生物膜的形成发生在一系列步骤中，这些步骤中的任何干扰都可能阻止其形成。因此，有必要探索和开发有效的抗生物膜策略，以降低生物膜相关感染的发生率。在这篇综述中，我们强调并讨论了当前通过抗生物膜药物、植物化合物、抗菌肽（AMP）、抗菌脂质（AML）、基质降解酶、纳米颗粒、噬菌体、表面活性剂来消除生物膜形成和对抗耐药性的治疗方法。涂层、光动力疗法 (PDT)、核糖开关、疫苗和抗体。这些发现的临床验证将为医学界提供生物膜相关感染的新预防和治疗策略。