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Investigation of keyhole behaviour and its impact on the performance of laser beam oscillating welding through imaging and acoustic signal analysis Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-08 Yuxuan Zhang, Bo Chen, Caiwang Tan, Xiaoguo Song, Hongyun Zhao
As an emerging laser welding optimisation technique, beam oscillation still lacks detailed investigation into its underlying process mechanisms. This study investigates the microstructure and mecha...
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Influencing mechanisms of weld root tip on microstructure and mechanical properties of electron beam welded joints of titanium alloy thick plates Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 F. S. Li, L. H. Wu, H. B. Zhao, H. J. Li, P. Xue, D. R. Ni, Z. Y. Ma
The welding of titanium alloy thick plates often formed a narrow weld seam in the weld root, named as ‘weld root tip’, because of insufficient fusion, which could reduce the joint properties. In th...
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Implementation of a two-stage algorithm for NG-GMAW seam tracking and oscillation width adaptation in pipeline welding Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Hongsheng Liu, Ruilei Xue, Jianping Zhou, Yang Bao, Xiaojuan Li
Seam tracking and oscillation width adaptation could effectively reduce the sidewall fusion defects in automatic narrow-gap gas metal arc welding (NG-GMAW). This study proposes a two-stage algorith...
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Void-free interface between In and high-impurity Cu joint Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Jia-Yi Lee, Yu-An Shen, Chih-Ming Chen
The effect of impurities in the Cu film on the void formation at the interface of the Sn-rich solder joint has been extensively studied. However, this has rarely been studied for In solder joints. ...
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Numerical analysis of ultrasonic spot welding of metal sheets: a review Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Z. L. Ni, B. H. Li, Y. Liu, L. Huang, A. Nazarov, X. X. Wang, Z. P. Yuan, F. X. Ye
Ultrasonic spot welding has recently garnered significant attention as a method for joining metal sheets. Numerical simulation plays an important role in understanding the principles of this proces...
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Joining of graphite to Mo using Ti/Cu and Ti/Cu/Nb/Ti/Cu foils Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Biao Xu, Ping Huang, Qianyao Jiang, Julfikar Haider, Fahd Nawaz Khan, Hongyang Zhao, Yangwu Mao
Graphite/Mo joining has been carried out using Ti/Cu or Ti/Cu/Nb/Ti/Cu foils. The joining region in the joint using Ti/Cu foils is mainly composed of Ti3Cu4 and TiCu. The joining region using Ti/Cu/Nb/Ti/Cu foils contains a joining zone I, an Nb interlayer and a joining zone II. Both the joining zones I and II are made up of Ti3Cu4 and TiCu. The Nb foil diffuses and dissolves into the liquid fillers
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Development of a cold spot joining method that enables sound joining of carbon steel below the A1 temperature Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Takumi Aibara, Yoshiaki Morisada, Hidetoshi Fujii
A novel solid-state joining method, which we call cold spot joining (CSJ), was successfully developed. In this joining concept, the material in the vicinity of the interface is plastically deformed using high pressure to form the joining interface, and impurities at the interface are expelled to the outside. Medium-carbon steel sheets were joined using the CSJ method under various process conditions
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Microstructure characteristics and strain hardening behaviour of Ti17 linear friction welded joints Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Peng He, Yunxin Wu, Tao Zhang, Zhijie Wu
This study investigated the microstructure variations in Ti17 linear friction welded joints and evaluated the effect of strain rate and post weld heat treatment on the strain hardening behaviour. The welded zone of the as-welded joints consists of equiaxed β grains, while the prior-β grains in the thermal mechanical affected zone are severely deformed. After heat treatment, fine needle-like αS precipitates
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Improved tensile strength of welded AlSi10Mg alloys by using laser metal deposition Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Can Wang, Dingyong He, Li Cui, Zhenfu Shi, Xingye Guo, Xu Wu, Yingying Zhai, Fanhui Bu
Laser metal deposition process was introduced to join AlSi10Mg alloys fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beam/metal to improve the tensile strength of laser welded joints. The size and the porosity of the hydrogen pores in the weld seam are significantly reduced by laser metal deposition welding. The ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint by using laser metal deposition reaches 318.8 MPa
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Recent progress in process, structure, properties, and performance in additive manufacturing Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Tuhin Mukherjee
The similarities between additive manufacturing (AM) and fusion welding have made Science and Technology of Welding and Joining an appropriate venue to discuss the recent progress made in AM. This special issue highlights significant recent progress in AM towards inventing new processes, developing novel materials, improving microstructure, achieving unique mechanical properties, and reducing defects
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The characteristics of dynamic stability in aluminium alloy keyhole weld pool flow Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Jingbo Liu, Fan Jiang, Shujun Chen, Bin Xu, Guokai Zhang
The keyhole welding process in Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding enhances weld quality significantly, yet it introduces pool instability. Dynamic stability is pursued by investigating molten metal flowing within keyholes and their characteristics. Weld pool flow patterns are obtained via particle tracking, while instability characteristics are captured employing a high-speed camera. Analysing directional
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Using kinetics to avoid sigma phase formation on hyper duplex stainless weld cladding Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Andres Acuna, Antonio Ramirez, Kaue Correa Riffel
The Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel HDSS enhanced corrosion resistance and toughness relies upon high alloying to obtain a balanced ferrite and austenite volume and pitting resistance equivalent number PREn. However, during welding, sigma phase precipitates might form, hindering corrosion and mechanical performance. Therefore, a kinetics model is developed to avoid the sigma phase’s formation during welding
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Influence of boron segregation on the hot ductility of T23 steel CGHAZ Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Dongdong Zhang, Xue Wang, Yong Li
Boron segregates in a non-equilibrium segregation mode at lath, packet, block boundaries as well as prior austenite grain boundaries (PAGBs) in 2.25Cr1.6WVNb steel coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) during the thermal cycle, and tends to segregate only at PAGBs in the same mode during the high-temperature tensile test. Boron segregation along PAGB increases GB plasticity but not inter-granular
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Strengthening of wire arc additive manufactured aluminium alloy through interlayer rotary friction processing Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Runzhen Yu, Shengfu Yu, Zhimin Wang, Guozhi Yu
To eliminate porosity and refine the grains in aluminium alloys fabricated via wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a novel strengthening method – robotic rotary friction processing (RFP) – was introduced. The feasibility of RFP was assessed by processing the deposited beads under various average peak loads. During RFP, a rotating tool pressed the deposited beads to induce sufficient plastic deformation
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Microstructure change of titanium layer in titanium/aluminium laminate metal composites during ultrasonic additive manufacturing Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Yanyuan Zhou, Zhenqiang Wang, Fengchun Jiang
This paper investigates the microstructural characteristics of Ti layer in ultrasonic additive manufacturing of Ti/Al laminate composites by electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Results show that a face-centred cubic (FCC) phase is formed in the Ti matrix around the Ti/Al bonding interface, and it keeps (111)fcc∥(0002)hcp and [011]fcc∥[21¯1¯0]hcp orientation relationship
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Physics-informed machine learning models for the prediction of transient temperature distribution of ferritic steel in directed energy deposition by cold metal transfer Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Amritesh Kumar, Ritam Sarma, Swarup Bag, V. C. Srivastava, Sajan Kapil
In-situ monitoring of the additive layer characteristics in the directed energy deposition (DED) process by any contact technology is cumbersome. A well-tested finite element (FE) model is often employed to extract transient temperature distribution during deposition. However, the numerical model pertaining to each deposition attribute is computationally expensive. In the present work, we have generated
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Aluminium foil-aided ultrasonic welding of NiTi and 304 stainless steel: a study of mechanical properties and interface microstructure Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Yi Chen, Mingpeng Cheng, Yawei Xing, Yang Li, Zhen Luo, Sansan Ao
The achievement of an effective connection between superelastic NiTi and 304 stainless steel (304 SS) using ultrasonic welding with varying welding energy inputs has been studied. It has been observed that the addition of aluminium foil serves to a tight joint, which displays two kinds of interfaces where no defects were observed. With the increase in input energy, the peak load exhibits an initial
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Exit-hole repairing in 7475 aluminium alloy welded joints based on refill friction stir processing Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-23 Tao Yuan, Shaoqian Kang, Xiaoqing Jiang, Pengjing Zhao
In this study, the refill friction stir processing (RFSP) method was utilised to repair a exit-hole defect located at the end of the friction stir welding (FSW) joints in 7475 aluminium alloy plate...
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Insights into microstructure evolution and interface joining mechanism of ultrasonic spot welded Cu/Cu joint Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 Zenglei Ni, Zhiting Gao
To understand the underlying microstructure evolution and joining mechanism of ultrasonic spot welded Cu/Cu joint, the microstructure and crystallography analysis were investigated. The grain size, grain boundary, misorientation angle, Kernel Average Misorientation, Schmid factor and crystal orientation along the weld thickness were heterogeneous and unsymmetrical. The changes of corresponding microstructural
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Variations of the improved characteristics on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Cu alloy fabricated by magnetic field assisted wire-arc additive manufacturing after heat-treated Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-18 Xujing Zhang, Wenyong Zhao, Yanhong Wei, Jinwei Long, Longgen Qian
In this investigation, Al–Cu alloy was used for wire-arc additive manufacturing experiment with and without assisted longitudinal magnetic field (ALMF) introduced, subsequently, heat treatment was ...
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Investigation on microstructure and tensile shear properties of 9Cr oxide dispersion strengthened steel resistance spot welded joint Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-18 Xin Jia, Shitong Wei, Shanping Lu
Resistance spot welding is employed to join the 9Cr oxide dispersion strengthened steel and the effects of different welding parameters are studied. Within the ranges of parameters used in this exp...
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Eliminating root defect in Al/Ti dissimilar friction stir welded via the double-side process Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Xiankun Zhang, Xue Wang, Yang Li, Lei Shi, Chuansong Wu
The root defect is easy to occur in the conventional friction stir welded (C-FSW) Ti/Al dissimilar joints because of the thermophysical properties of titanium alloy. Double-side friction stir weldi...
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Comparative study on weld characterisation and corrosion performance of laser-welded NiTinol Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-05 Susmita Datta, Rajib Chakraborty, Mohammad Shahid Raza, Partha Saha, Dilip Kumar Pratihar
Laser welding of NiTinol is a promising fabrication method. An understanding of the effects of laser heat input on different surface properties and corrosion resistance behaviour is needed for lase...
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Friction stir welding: process, temperature, microstructure and properties Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Huihong Liu, Yoshiaki Morisada, Hidetoshi Fujii
As an energy-efficient solid-state joining technique, friction stir welding (FSW) shows enormous advantages compared to conventional fusion welding methods. This work comprehensively reviewed the r...
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A comparative study of microstructure and mechanical properties of conventional and synergistic double-sided FSW joints of 6061 zxaluminium alloy Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-30 Yangfan Zou, Wenya Li, Yishuang Tang, Yu Su, Xiawei Yang, Dong Wu, Weibing Wang
In this study, synergistic double-sided friction stir welding (DS-FSW) is proposed to solve the problems of large deformation and the time-consuming of traditional DS-FSW. The microstructure, mecha...
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Morphology, mechanical property, and molten pool dynamics in spot modulated-PLBW of Ti6Al4V alloy sheets with air gap condition Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-25 Jicheng Chen, Bin Kong, Qi Wang, Zhemin Qi, Yanhong Wei
The tailor joining of thin metal sheets frequently suffers from the assembly error of air gap. Herein, an improved laser welding scheme, integrating the pulsed laser power and the modulated beam sp...
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Resistance element welding of aluminium alloy and steel using an element of aluminium Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-18 Ranfeng Qiu, Peifeng Zhao, Jianghui Zhao, Hongxin Shi, Hua Yu
Aluminium alloy AA6061 and mild steel Q235 were welded by resistance element using an aluminium rivet as the element. The microstructure and properties of the joints were characterised. The tempera...
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Improving weld forming quality and process adaptability by using a copper liner in laser-MAG hybrid overhead welding Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-11 Ronghao Han, Xin Liu, Gang Song, Liming Liu
During overhead welding, gravity inevitably drives the molten pool downward, resulting in poor adaptability and concave defect. To address this issue, this paper proposed a novel laser-MAG hybrid o...
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Comparison of thermomechanical responses of single-arc and dual-arc parallel additive manufacturing Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Qianru Wu, Wenlai Tang, Jiquan Yang, Xuezhi Shi
Printed metallic parts often suffer from thermomechanical defects such as delamination, buckling and warping, and this effect is exacerbated in multi-arc additive manufacturing (AM) due to the extensive heat input and large molten pool. These defects originate primarily because of high residual stresses accumulated during layer-by-layer deposition. Here we develop, validate and employ a three-dimensional
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Friction stir welding of thick 7175 aluminium alloy plates for deepwater riser applications Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Tianhao Wang, Md Reza-E-Rabby, Hrishikesh Das, Glenn J. Grant, Scott Whalen
To substantially reduce the cost of extracting petroleum from ultra-deepwater sources, manufacturing risers from 7175 aluminium (Al) alloys rather than steels is being considered. Friction stir wel...
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Monitoring of root gap change based on electrical signals of flux-cored arc welding using random convolution kernel transform Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Junmyoung Jang, Jaeheon Lee, Jaeyoung Lee, Sang Rin Park, Jin-young Kim, Young-Beom Kim, Seung Hwan Lee
A monitoring technique for detecting changes in the root gap of butt joints during the flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) was proposed. FCAW experiments were conducted for both increasing and decreasing...
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Factors affecting evolutions of contact area formation and bonding strength in pure Cu/Cu joints produced by ultrasonic spot welding Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Kuan-Chieh Hu, I.-Chen Lin, Zi-Yuan Liu, Jhe-Yu Lin
In this study, the effect of bonding surface conditions on the strength evolution of Cu/Cu joints during ultrasonic welding was investigated. Lap shear tests and microstructure characterisation rev...
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KTIG–MIG hybrid arc welding process Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 QingPeng Xiu, ZuMing Liu, XingChuan Zhao
Metal-inert gas welding is an important welding process but the process instability easily induces spatter and undercut defects. To improve the welding process stability, a new hybrid arc welding p...
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The influence of bypass current on arc energy density and metal transfer behaviour in bypass current compressed gas metal arc welding Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Ji Liu, Yugang Miao, Ziran Wang, Chunwang Li, Yuyang Zhao, Benshun Zhang
A new welding method, bypass current compressed gas metal arc welding (BCC-GMAW), was developed to enhance the arc energy density and welding stability of GMAW. When the bypass current was applied,...
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Interface structure and mechanical properties of Fe/Al dissimilar lap joints formed by friction stir welding using an adjustable tool Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Xiaopei Wang, Yoshiaki Morisada, Muneo Matsushita, Satoshi Igi, Shin Inamoto, Masahiro Kunisu, Hidetoshi Fujii
Friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloy and steel using an adjustable tool was carried out, which can effectively control the thickness and uniformity of the IMC layer. The continuous and uni...
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Microcosmic mechanism of performance enhancement of wire arc additive manufactured Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy based on heat treatment Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-09 Tao Yuan, Xiaohu Zhao, He Shan, Shujun Chen, Xuelei Ren, Yang Li
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys are widely used in aerospace structures because of their excellent performances. To improve the poor mechanical performance of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu arc additive manufactured deposit, heat treatments were used for the enhancement of mechanical performances. The microstructure of the deposits was improved after heat treatment due to the decomposition of intermetallic compounds. Meanwhile
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Integrated modeling of cracking during deep penetration laser welding of nickel alloys Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-08 M. Z. Gao, B. Mondal, T. A. Palmer, W. Zhang, T. DebRoy
During deep penetration laser welding of nickel alloys, interactions between composition and processing conditions can lead to the formation of defects. Inconel 740H, for example, has demonstrated ...
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A feasible operational parameter window for enhancement of welding speed in friction stir welding of 2195-T8 Al–Li alloy Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-04-25 Z. L. Wang, B. B. Wang, Z. Zhang, P. Xue, F. C. Liu, D. R. Ni, B. L. Xiao, Z. Y. Ma
The improvement of the welding speed becomes extraordinarily difficult for the friction stir welding (FSW) of Al–Li alloys with medium thickness (5–10 mm). In this study, 2195-T8 Al alloy plates wi...
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Optimisation of precipitation hardening for 15-5 PH martensitic stainless steel produced by wire arc directed energy deposition Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-04-23 Aljaž Ščetinec, Damjan Klobčar, Aleš Nagode, Tomaž Vuherer, Drago Bračun, Uroš Trdan
This paper discusses directed energy deposition of 15-5 PH, which was successfully tailored with precipitation hardening (PH) to achieve the desired properties. Parametric analysis of solution annealing and aging at various time and temperature combinations was performed. Material characterisation was done in the as-deposited, solution annealed, and PH states. Investigations included microscopy, SEM/EDS
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Astigmatic electron beam propagation Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-04-18 John W. Elmer, Gordon Gibbs
An astigmatic electron beam with an ellipticity ratio of approximately 2:1 was examined using the Enhanced Modified Faraday Cup (EMFC) diagnostic to measure its properties and show how the power de...
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Predicting and optimising the surface roughness of additive manufactured parts using an artificial neural network model and genetic algorithm Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-04-16 Osman Ulkir, Gazi Akgun
The selection of parameters affects the surface roughness in the additive manufacturing process. This study aims to determine the optimal combination of input parameters for predicting and minimising the surface roughness of samples produced by Fused Deposition Modelling on a 3D printer using a cascade-forward neural network (CFNN) and genetic algorithm. Box–Behnken Design with four independent printing
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Mechanisms associated with material deformation, and microstructural evolution during friction stir welding of pure titanium and Al alloy Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Amlan Kar, Sachin Kumar, Kuldeep Singh
Aluminium and titanium are important structural metals; however, their joining is difficult because of different microstructural responses and intermetallic compounds (IMCs). The present work under...
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Numerical and experimental investigation of probeless friction stir spot welding of a multilayer aluminium alloy compound Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-27 Nicola Contuzzi, Mariia Rashkovets, Giuseppe Casalino
This paper presents the experimental and numerical results of the influence of dwell time (30, 60, 90 s), down force (2450, 4900, 7350 N), and rotational speed (1000, 1500, 2000 RPM) on microstruct...
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Process optimisation of cold spray additive manufacturing of FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-23 Dong Wu, Yaxin Xu, Wenya Li, Yang Yang, Kun Liu, Wenpeng Wan, Zhiwei Qi
ABSTRACT The deposition window of cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) a high-entropy alloy (HEA) was optimised by investigating processing parameters on deposition efficiency and porosity. The optimal parameters were obtained with helium as the driving gas, gas inlet temperature was at 700°C, and spray distance at 25 mm, at which the deposit was the thickest and of the lowest porosity. The type
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Utilising a novel multi-electrode approach for improving micro-resistance spot welding productivity for electric-mobility battery interconnects Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-22 Nikhil Kumar, Sugumaran Minda Ramakrishnan, Kailasanathan Panchapakesan, Devarajan Subramaniam, Martin Dowson, Abhishek Das
The micro-resistance spot welding is widely used for low-to-medium-volume applications due to its low cost, especially for cylindrical Lithium-ion cell-based modules. Using typical micro-resistance...
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Impacts of Nb on grain refinement in a simulated coarse-grained-heat-affected-zone of ultra-high-strength steels Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-20 Libo Wang, Chengyang Hu, Xiangliang Wan, Songbo Zhou, Ran Wei, Chengyi Zhu, Guangqiang Li, Kaiming Wu
ABSTRACT The impact of Nb contents on grain refinement in a simulated coarse-grained heated-affected zone (CGHAZ) in steels was investigated. The austenite grain grew in multiple directions and then impinged against each other during the α→γ transformation. Subsequently, austenite grains coarsened via the coalescence of small grains and boundary migration. With the increased Nb content, the austenite
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Liquation crack-free welding strategy for 247LC DS superalloy by control of pipeline diffusion via ultra-high-speed laser beam scanning Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-16 Eun-Joon Chun, Ye-Seon Jeong, Kyeong-Min Kim, Seong-Moon Seo, Heeshin Kang
Under completely suppressed constitutional liquation of MC carbide, unexplored 247LC superalloy single-mode fibre laser welds experience unexpected liquation cracking. These cracks continuously pro...
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An integrated methodology for estimating the interface temperature and effects of powder diameters in laser transmission welding process Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-15 Xiaodong Yu, Haiyu Qiao, Yani Chen, Qian Li, Zhenyu Chen, Yayun Liu, Chuanyang Wang
The powder diameter affects the heat generation and further influences the quality of weldments when the MZA powder is used as laser-absorbents to carry out laser transmission welding (LTW). It is difficult to measure the temperature due to its extremely short duration. A mathematical model considering the multiple reflections of metal powder is established to predict heat generation. The mathematical
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The interface microstructure and phase constitution of Nb/316L composite plates fabricated by explosive welding Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 Hanliang Liang, Ning Luo, Yanlong Chen, Yingkang Yao, Jinxiang Wang, Li Jiang, Xiang Chen
ABSTRACT Niobium has a reputation for its superior superconducting, high strength and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures. In this work, the explosive welding technique was successfully performed to join Nb/316L dissimilar metals. To reveal the phase constitution and texture distribution at the joining interface, the EBSD test was carried out. It was concluded that an irregular large wavy
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A performance comparison of additive manufactured creep-resistant superalloys Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 William Sean James, Supriyo Ganguly, Goncalo Pardal
Creep-resistant nickel, cobalt based superalloys, selected for a high-speed flight application, deposited using Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), was reported. Three different alloys, Haynes 188, Inconel 718, and Rene 41, were deposited, and tested for their high-temperature tensile properties, and the results compared with wrought data. The alloys were tested from ambient temperature to 1000°C
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Effect of heat treatments on Inconel 625 fabricated by wire and arc additive manufacturing: an in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 Tiago A. Rodrigues, Francisco Werley Cipriano Farias, Julian A. Avila, Emad Maawad, Norbert Schell, Telmo G. Santos, J. P. Oliveira
ABSTRACT The effect of heat treatments on wire and arc additively manufactured Inconel 625 parts was investigated using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and hardness testing. As-built samples revealed the presence of a γ-matrix with precipitation of γ′, γ′′ and MC carbides. When heat treated at 750°C for 4 h, γ′′ phase precipitated increasing the hardness by 5%. In situ X-ray observations revealed
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Effect of interlayer time interval on residual stress distribution in Ti6Al4V alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Ladislav Novotný, Miloslav Béreš, Bruno Carpentieri
A finite element is developed to study the transient temperature fields and mechanical response during laser powder bed fusion processing and multi-layer deposition of a Ti6Al4V powder. Two different powder deposition time intervals are examined. The results of our analysis reveal that short-time interlayer intervals lead to a reduction of residual von Mises stress in the produced part. A good correspondence
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Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC nanoparticles reinforced 7075 aluminium alloy fabricated by oscillating laser-arc hybrid additive manufacturing Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Bingchen Li, Xi Chen, Meng Jiang, Shengchong Ma, Zhiyuan Wang, Zhenglong Lei, Yanbin Chen
In this work, TiC nanoparticles (TiCps) reinforced 7075 aluminium alloy was fabricated via an oscillating laser-arc hybrid additive manufacturing process. To show the beneficial effect of TiCps addition on microstructure and mechanical properties, a conventional 7075 aluminium alloy was also manufactured for comparison. Upon the addition of TiCps, remarkable grain refinement was achieved with a decrease
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Arc additive remanufacturing of a new type of Al–Cu–Ni aviation case: microstructure and high-temperature properties under T6 heat treatment Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 Hongbin Dai, Enyu Zhang, Jian Miao, Sanbao Lin, Song Yu
A new Al–Cu–Ni alloy was repaired by arc additive remanufacturing and T6 heat treatment. The results show that the grain size in the upper part of the weld is slightly larger than that in the lower part, and the whole distribution is uniform without delamination. The orientation of grains in the weld is disordered, and most of them are stable crystal structures with a large angle. The average tensile
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Liquation-induced loss of ductility in AA7075 aluminium alloy fusion welds Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 Alireza Pirjamadi, Ali Akbar Alikhani, Mojtaba Movahedi, Majid Pouranvari
This paper investigates the effect of liquation in the partially melted zone (PMZ) on the stress–strain behaviour of the AA7075 arc fusion welds. It is identified that the presence of micro-sized Cu-rich second phases in the initial microstructure of the AA7075 is responsible for constitutional liquation in the PMZ. Although the liquation cracking can be avoided using the proper selection of filler
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Fe–Al intermetallic suppression of dissimilar RSW joints using stainless-steel interlayers Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Bryan Lara, Rafael Giorjao, Hassan Ghassemi-Armaki, Antonio Ramirez
Austenitic and ferritic stainless-steel interlayers for resistance spot welding of an AlSi-coated 2000MPa UTS press-hardened boron steel and a 6022-T4 aluminium alloy were investigated to improve joint performance. CALPHAD and kinetic-based simulations were explored to determine the effects of Cr on the formation of Fe–Al intermetallic compounds. Selected area diffraction reveals the formation of FeCrAl9
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Effect of tool geometry on hook formation and mechanical properties of refill friction stir spot welding in alclad 2A12-T42 aluminium alloy Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 Yuxuan Li, Guangda Sun, Zili Zhang, Li Zhou, Ning Guo, Jihong Dong, Huaxia Zhao
Three sleeve structures (conventional sleeve, threaded sleeve, grooved sleeve) were used for refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) of 2A12-T42 aluminium alloy to investigate the effect of sleeve geometry on hook formation and mechanical properties of the joints. The high-pressure area generated during the plunge stage was responsible for the hook formation. Threads and grooves sleeves not only
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Enhancing mechanical properties of friction stir welded AZ31 alloys by post-weld compression Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-13 Zhe Liu, Fan Wu, Bo Feng, Li Liu, Chunlin Dong, Yunqiang Zhao, Bo Song
In this work, the friction stir welded AZ31 joint was processed by a two-step post-weld deformation (i.e. compression at room temperature and an elevated temperature, respectively). The microstructure, texture and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. Profuse extension twins were observed after the first-step cold compression along normal direction, which largely affected the dynamic
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Microstructural evaluation in dissimilar liquid phase bonding of cast Al–Si alloy and stainless steel using pure zinc filler metal Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-10 Saeed Mohammadi, Eslam Ranjbarnodeh, M. Soltanalinejad, Hamed Nikdehghan, Majid Pouranvari
The metallurgical joining between cast A359 aluminium alloy and AISI321 stainless steel using pure Zn as the interlayer was performed slightly above Al–Zn eutectic temperature. The liquid phase was formed by a eutectic reaction between Al and Zn and subsequently isothermally solidified by diffusion of Zn into the A359 base metal (i.e. reactive transient liquid phase bonding). The formation of a Zn-rich
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Interfacial reactions in actively brazed Cu-Al2O3 composites and copper using a newly developed Cu-Sn-Ag-Ti filler alloy Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-07 Farzad Habibi, Ahad Samadi
In dissimilar brazing, the differences in physical properties between the components lead to residual stresses. An active filler alloy Cu-20.5Sn-20Ag-3.5Ti was developed to braze the Cu-Al2O3 composites (containing 25 and 50 volume pct. Al2O3) to copper. Two mechanisms were proposed for chemical bonding as a result of alumina reinforcements reduction by the active titanium, including the formation