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Limits of economy and fidelity for programmable assembly of size-controlled triply periodic polyhedra Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Carlos M. DuqueDouglas M. HallBotond TyukodiMichael F. HaganChristian D. SantangeloGregory M. GrasonaMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, GermanybCenter for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden 01307, GermanycDepartment of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003dDepartment of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
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Dissection and integration of bursty transcriptional dynamics for complex systems Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Cheng Frank GaoSuriyanarayanan VaikuntanathanSamantha J. RiesenfeldaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bInstitute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637cPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637dDepartment of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637eCommittee on Immunology, Biological Sciences
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
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Core planar cell polarity genes VANGL1 and VANGL2 in predisposition to congenital vertebral malformations Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Xin FengYongyu YeJianan ZhangYuanqiang ZhangSen ZhaoJudith C. W. MakNao OtomoZhengye ZhaoYuchen NiuYoshiro YonezawaGuozhuang LiMao LinXiaoxin LiPrudence Wing Hang CheungKexin XuKazuki TakedaShengru WangJunjie XieToshiaki KotaniVanessa N. T. ChoiYou-Qiang SongYang YangKeith Dip Kei LukKin Shing LeeZiquan LiPik Shan LiConnie Y. H. LeungXiaochen LinXiaolu WangGuixing QiuKota WatanabeZhihong WuJennifer
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
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Negative correlation between soil salinity and soil organic carbon variability Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Amirhossein HassaniPete SmithNima ShokriaThe Climate and Environmental Research Institute NILU, Kjeller 2027, NorwaybInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United KingdomcInstitute of Geo-Hydroinformatics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
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Cryo-EM reveals a nearly complete PCNA loading process and unique features of the human alternative clamp loader CTF18-RFC Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Qing HeFeng WangMichael E. O’DonnellHuilin LiaDepartment of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503bDNA Replication Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065cHHMI, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
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Machine learning enables identification of an alternative yeast galactose utilization pathway Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Marie-Claire HarrisonEmily J. UbbelohdeAbigail L. LaBellaDana A. OpulenteJohn F. WoltersXiaofan ZhouXing-Xing ShenMarizeth GroenewaldChris Todd HittingerAntonis RokasaDepartment of Biological Sciences and Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235bLaboratory of Genetics, Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Center for Genomic Science Innovation
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
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Structural rearrangements in the nucleus localize latent HIV proviruses to a perinucleolar compartment supportive of reactivation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Fredrick KizitoKien NguyenUri MbonyeMeenakshi ShuklaBenjamin LuttgeMary Ann CheckleyAnna AgaponovaKonstantin LeskovJonathan KarnaDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
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In This Issue Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
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Catalysis driven by an amyloid–substrate complex Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Taka Sawazaki, Daisuke Sasaki, Youhei Sohma
Amine modification through nucleophilic attack of the amine functionality is a very common chemical transformation. Under biorelevant conditions using acidic-to-neutral pH buffer, however, the nucleophilic reaction of alkyl amines (pKa ≈ 10) is not facile due to the generation of ammonium ions lacking nucleophilicity. Here, we disclose a unique molecular transformation system, c atalysis driven by
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Sum rule comparison of narrowband and broadband sum frequency generation spectra and comparison with theory Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Kai Niu, Hong-fei Wang, Rudolph A. Marcus
Earlier sum frequency generation (SFG) experiments involve one infrared and one visible laser, and a measurement of the intensity of the response, yielding data on the surface sensitive properties of the sample. Recently, both the real and imaginary components of the susceptibility were measured in two different sets of experiments. In one set, a broadband infrared laser was used, permitting observations
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Discovering optimal kinetic pathways for self-assembly using automatic differentiation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Adip Jhaveri, Spencer Loggia, Yian Qian, Margaret E. Johnson
Macromolecular complexes are often composed of diverse subunits. The self-assembly of these subunits is inherently nonequilibrium and must avoid kinetic traps to achieve high yield over feasible timescales. We show how the kinetics of self-assembly benefits from diversity in subunits because it generates an expansive parameter space that naturally improves the “expressivity” of self-assembly, much
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Interdependence of cellular and network properties in respiratory rhythm generation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Ryan S. Phillips, Nathan A. Baertsch
How breathing is generated by the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) remains divided between two ideological frameworks, and a persistent sodium current (I NaP ) lies at the heart of this debate. Although I NaP is widely expressed, the pacemaker hypothesis considers it essential because it endows a small subset of neurons with intrinsic bursting or “pacemaker” activity. In contrast, burstlet theory considers
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Engineered polymer nanoparticles as artificial chaperones facilitating the selective refolding of denatured enzymes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Yan Li, Deping Yin, Sang Yup Lee, Yongqin Lv
Molecular chaperones assist in protein refolding by selectively binding to proteins in their nonnative states. Despite progress in creating artificial chaperones, these designs often have a limited range of substrates they can work with. In this paper, we present molecularly imprinted flexible polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) designed as customizable biomimetic chaperones. We used model proteins such
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An HLA-E-targeted TCR bispecific molecule redirects T cell immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Rachel L. Paterson, Marco P. La Manna, Victoria Arena De Souza, Andrew Walker, Dawn Gibbs-Howe, Rakesh Kulkarni, Joannah R. Fergusson, Nitha Charles Mulakkal, Mauro Monteiro, Wilawan Bunjobpol, Marcin Dembek, Magdalena Martin-Urdiroz, Tressan Grant, Claire Barber, Diana J. Garay-Baquero, Liku Bekele Tezera, David Lowne, Camille Britton-Rivet, Robert Pengelly, Natalia Chepisiuk, Praveen K. Singh, Amanda
Peptides presented by HLA-E, a molecule with very limited polymorphism, represent attractive targets for T cell receptor (TCR)-based immunotherapies to circumvent the limitations imposed by the high polymorphism of classical HLA genes in the human population. Here, we describe a TCR-based bispecific molecule that potently and selectively binds HLA-E in complex with a peptide encoded by the inhA gene
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Tailoring atomic chemistry to refine reaction pathway for the most enhancement by magnetization in water oxidation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Tianze Wu, Jingjie Ge, Qian Wu, Xiao Ren, Fanxu Meng, Jiarui Wang, Shibo Xi, Xin Wang, Kamal Elouarzaki, Adrian Fisher, Zhichuan J. Xu
Water oxidation on magnetic catalysts has generated significant interest due to the spin-polarization effect. Recent studies have revealed that the disappearance of magnetic domain wall upon magnetization is responsible for the observed oxygen evolution reaction (OER) enhancement. However, an atomic picture of the reaction pathway remains unclear, i.e., which reaction pathway benefits most from spin-polarization
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Deficiency of IL-22–binding protein enhances the ability of the gut microbiota to protect against enteric pathogens Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 José L. Fachi, Blanda Di Luccia, Susan Gilfillan, Hao-Wei Chang, Christina Song, Jiye Cheng, Marina Cella, Marco Aurelio Vinolo, Jeffrey I. Gordon, Marco Colonna
Interleukin 22 (IL-22) promotes intestinal barrier integrity, stimulating epithelial cells to enact defense mechanisms against enteric infections, including the production of antimicrobial peptides. IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) is a soluble decoy encoded by the Il22ra2 gene that decreases IL-22 bioavailability, attenuating IL-22 signaling. The impact of IL-22BP on gut microbiota composition and
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Dermonecrosis caused by a spitting cobra snakebite results from toxin potentiation and is prevented by the repurposed drug varespladib Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Keirah E. Bartlett, Steven R. Hall, Sean A. Rasmussen, Edouard Crittenden, Charlotte A. Dawson, Laura-Oana Albulescu, William Laprade, Robert A. Harrison, Anthony J. Saviola, Cassandra M. Modahl, Timothy P. Jenkins, Mark C. Wilkinson, José María Gutiérrez, Nicholas R. Casewell
Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that causes substantial mortality and morbidity globally. The venom of African spitting cobras often causes permanent injury via tissue-destructive dermonecrosis at the bite site, which is ineffectively treated by current antivenoms. To address this therapeutic gap, we identified the etiological venom toxins in Naja nigricollis venom responsible
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Tailored UPRE2 variants for dynamic gene regulation in yeast Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Chufan Xiao, Xiufang Liu, Yuyang Pan, Yanling Li, Ling Qin, Zhibo Yan, Yunzi Feng, Mouming Zhao, Mingtao Huang
Genetic elements are foundational in synthetic biology serving as vital building blocks. They enable programming host cells for efficient production of valuable chemicals and recombinant proteins. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a stress pathway in which the transcription factor Hac1 interacts with the upstream unfolded protein response element (UPRE) of the promoter to restore endoplasmic reticulum
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Transient Zn 2+ deficiency induces replication stress and compromises daughter cell proliferation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Samuel E. Holtzen, Elnaz Navid, Joseph D. Kainov, Amy E. Palmer
Cells must replicate their genome quickly and accurately, and they require metabolites and cofactors to do so. Ionic zinc (Zn 2+ ) is an essential micronutrient that is required for hundreds of cellular processes, including DNA synthesis and adequate proliferation. Deficiency in this micronutrient impairs DNA synthesis and inhibits proliferation, but the mechanism is unknown. Using fluorescent reporters
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Development of porcine skeletal muscle extracellular matrix–derived hydrogels with improved properties and low immunogenicity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Mohammed A. Barajaa, Takayoshi Otsuka, Debolina Ghosh, Ho-Man Kan, Cato T. Laurencin
Hydrogels derived from decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) of animal origin show immense potential for regenerative applications due to their excellent cytocompatibility and biomimetic properties. Despite these benefits, the impact of decellularization protocols on the properties and immunogenicity of these hydrogels remains relatively unexplored. In this study, porcine skeletal muscle ECM
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Robust inference of causality in high-dimensional dynamical processes from the Information Imbalance of distance ranks Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Vittorio Del Tatto, Gianfranco Fortunato, Domenica Bueti, Alessandro Laio
We introduce an approach which allows detecting causal relationships between variables for which the time evolution is available. Causality is assessed by a variational scheme based on the Information Imbalance of distance ranks, a statistical test capable of inferring the relative information content of different distance measures. We test whether the predictability of a putative driven system Y can
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CCR3-dependent eosinophil recruitment is regulated by sialyltransferase ST3Gal-IV Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Roland Immler, Katrin Nussbaumer, Axel Doerner, Omar El Bounkari, Silke Huber, Janine Abisch, Matteo Napoli, Sarah Schmidt, Andreas Margraf, Monika Pruenster, Ina Rohwedder, Baerbel Lange-Sperandio, Marcus A. Mall, Renske de Jong, Caspar Ohnmacht, Juergen Bernhagen, David Voehringer, Jamey D. Marth, David Frommhold, Markus Sperandio
Eosinophil recruitment is a pathological hallmark of many allergic and helminthic diseases. Here, we investigated chemokine receptor CCR3-induced eosinophil recruitment in sialyltransferase St3gal4 −/− mice. We found a marked decrease in eosinophil extravasation into CCL11-stimulated cremaster muscles and into the inflamed peritoneal cavity of St3gal4 −/− mice. Ex vivo flow chamber assays uncovered
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Structural insights into human MHC-II association with invariant chain Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Nan Wang, Deepa Waghray, Nathanael A. Caveney, Kevin M. Jude, K. Christopher Garcia
The loading of processed peptides on to major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) molecules for recognition by T cells is vital to cell-mediated adaptive immunity. As part of this process, MHC-II associates with the invariant chain (Ii) during biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum to prevent premature peptide loading and to serve as a scaffold for subsequent proteolytic processing into MHC-II-CLIP
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Detecting inbreeding depression in structured populations Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Eléonore Lavanchy, Bruce S. Weir, Jérôme Goudet
Measuring inbreeding and its consequences on fitness is central for many areas in biology including human genetics and the conservation of endangered species. However, there is no consensus on the best method, neither for quantification of inbreeding itself nor for the model to estimate its effect on specific traits. We simulated traits based on simulated genomes from a large pedigree and empirical
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Localizing somatic symptoms associated with childhood maltreatment Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Ethan G. Dutcher, Sara C. Verosky, Wendy Berry Mendes, Stefanie E. Mayer
Childhood maltreatment has been linked to adult somatic symptoms, although this has rarely been examined in daily life. Furthermore, the localization of somatization associated with childhood maltreatment and its subtypes is unknown. This large-scale experience sampling study used body maps to examine the relationships between childhood maltreatment, its subtypes, and the intensity and location of
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Identification and epidemiological study of an uncultured flavivirus from ticks using viral metagenomics and pseudoinfectious viral particles Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Daisuke Kobayashi, Yusuke Inoue, Ryosuke Suzuki, Mami Matsuda, Hiroshi Shimoda, Astri Nur Faizah, Yoshihiro Kaku, Keita Ishijima, Yudai Kuroda, Kango Tatemoto, Milagros Virhuez-Mendoza, Michiko Harada, Ayano Nishino, Mizue Inumaru, Kenzo Yonemitsu, Ryusei Kuwata, Ai Takano, Mamoru Watanabe, Yukiko Higa, Kyoko Sawabe, Ken Maeda, Haruhiko Isawa
During their blood-feeding process, ticks are known to transmit various viruses to vertebrates, including humans. Recent viral metagenomic analyses using next-generation sequencing (NGS) have revealed that blood-feeding arthropods like ticks harbor a large diversity of viruses. However, many of these viruses have not been isolated or cultured, and their basic characteristics remain unknown. This study
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An essential and highly selective protein import pathway encoded by nucleus-forming phage Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Chase J. Morgan, Eray Enustun, Emily G. Armbruster, Erica A. Birkholz, Amy Prichard, Taylor Forman, Ann Aindow, Wichanan Wannasrichan, Sela Peters, Koe Inlow, Isabelle L. Shepherd, Alma Razavilar, Vorrapon Chaikeeratisak, Benjamin A. Adler, Brady F. Cress, Jennifer A. Doudna, Kit Pogliano, Elizabeth Villa, Kevin D. Corbett, Joe Pogliano
Targeting proteins to specific subcellular destinations is essential in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and the viruses that infect them. Chimalliviridae phages encapsulate their genomes in a nucleus-like replication compartment composed of the protein chimallin (ChmA) that excludes ribosomes and decouples transcription from translation. These phages selectively partition proteins between the phage nucleus
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Myospreader improves gene editing in skeletal muscle by myonuclear propagation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Kiril K. Poukalov, M. Carmen Valero, Derek R. Muscato, Leanne M. Adams, Heejae Chun, Young il Lee, Nadja S. Andrade, Zane Zeier, H. Lee Sweeney, Eric T. Wang
Successful CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing in skeletal muscle is dependent on efficient propagation of Cas9 to all myonuclei in the myofiber. However, nuclear-targeted gene therapy cargos are strongly restricted to their myonuclear domain of origin. By screening nuclear localization signals and nuclear export signals, we identify “Myospreader,” a combination of short peptide sequences that promotes
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Voltage-induced calcium release in Caenorhabditis elegans body muscles Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Luna Gao, Evan Ardiel, Stephen Nurrish, Joshua M. Kaplan
Type 1 voltage-activated calcium channels (CaV1) in the plasma membrane trigger calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by two mechanisms. In voltage-induced calcium release (VICR), CaV1 voltage sensing domains are directly coupled to ryanodine receptors (RYRs), an SR calcium channel. In calcium-induced calcium release (CICR), calcium ions flowing through activated CaV1 channels bind and
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Functional overlap between the mammalian Sar1a and Sar1b paralogs in vivo Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Vi T. Tang, Jie Xiang, Zhimin Chen, Joseph McCormick, Prabhodh S. Abbineni, Xiao-Wei Chen, Mark Hoenerhoff, Brian T. Emmer, Rami Khoriaty, Jiandie D. Lin, David Ginsburg
Proteins carrying a signal peptide and/or a transmembrane domain enter the intracellular secretory pathway at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are transported to the Golgi apparatus via COPII vesicles or tubules. SAR1 initiates COPII coat assembly by recruiting other coat proteins to the ER membrane. Mammalian genomes encode two SAR1 paralogs, SAR1A and SAR1B . While these paralogs exhibit ~90% amino
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The impact of US–China tensions on US science: Evidence from the NIH investigations Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Ruixue Jia, Margaret E. Roberts, Ye Wang, Eddie Yang
Amid the discourse on foreign influence investigations in research, this study examines the impact of NIH-initiated investigations starting in 2018 on U.S. scientists’ productivity, focusing on those collaborating with Chinese peers. Using publication data from 2010 to 2021, we analyze over 113,000 scientists and find that investigations coincide with reduced productivity for those with China collaborations
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A general approach for selection of epitope-directed binders to proteins Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Jie Zhou, Chau Q. Le, Yun Zhang, James A. Wells
Directing antibodies to a particular epitope among many possible on a target protein is a significant challenge. Here, we present a simple and general method for epitope-directed selection (EDS) using a differential phage selection strategy. This involves engineering the protein of interest (POI) with the epitope of interest (EOI) mutated using a systematic bioinformatics algorithm to guide the local
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The tRNA Val half: A strong endogenous Toll-like receptor 7 ligand with a 5′-terminal universal sequence signature Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Kamlesh Pawar, Takuya Kawamura, Yohei Kirino
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial components of the innate immune system. Endosomal TLR7 recognizes single-stranded RNAs, yet its endogenous ssRNA ligands are not fully understood. We previously showed that extracellular (ex-) 5′-half molecules of tRNA HisGUG (the 5′-tRNA HisGUG half) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) of human macrophages activate TLR7 when delivered into endosomes of recipient
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California’s 2023 snow deluge: Contextualizing an extreme snow year against future climate change Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Adrienne M. Marshall, John T. Abatzoglou, Stefan Rahimi, Dennis P. Lettenmaier, Alex Hall
The increasing prevalence of low snow conditions in a warming climate has attracted substantial attention in recent years, but a focus exclusively on low snow leaves high snow years relatively underexplored. However, these large snow years are hydrologically and economically important in regions where snow is critical for water resources. Here, we introduce the term “snow deluge” and use anomalously
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Frequent nonhomologous replacement of replicative helicase loaders by viruses in Vibrionaceae Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Kento Tominaga, Shogo Ozaki, Shohei Sato, Tsutomu Katayama, Yuki Nishimura, Kimiho Omae, Wataru Iwasaki
Several microbial genomes lack textbook-defined essential genes. If an essential gene is absent from a genome, then an evolutionarily independent gene of unknown function complements its function. Here, we identified frequent nonhomologous replacement of an essential component of DNA replication initiation, a replicative helicase loader gene, in Vibrionaceae . Our analysis of Vibrionaceae genomes revealed
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Indirect reciprocity undermines indirect reciprocity destabilizing large-scale cooperation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Eric Schnell, Michael Muthukrishna
Previous models suggest that indirect reciprocity (reputation) can stabilize large-scale human cooperation [K. Panchanathan, R. Boyd, Nature 432 , 499–502 (2004)]. The logic behind these models and experiments [J. Gross et al. , Sci. Adv. 9 , eadd8289 (2023) and O. P. Hauser, A. Hendriks, D. G. Rand, M. A. Nowak, Sci. Rep. 6 , 36079 (2016)] is that a strategy in which individuals conditionally aid
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Correcting misperceptions of the material benefits associated with union membership increases Americans’ interest in joining unions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Jonne Kamphorst, Robb Willer
How accurate are Americans’ perceptions of the material benefits associated with union membership, and do these perceptions influence their support for, and interest in joining, unions? We explore these questions in a preregistered, survey experiment conducted on a national sample, representative of the US population on a number of demographic benchmarks ( n = 1,430). We find that Americans exhibit
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Proteolytic stability and aggregation in a key metabolic enzyme of bacteria Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Dan Pollack, Takashi Nozoe, Edo Kussell
Proteins that are kinetically stable are thought to be less prone to both aggregation and proteolysis. We demonstrate that the classical lac system of Escherichia coli can be leveraged as a model system to study this relation. β-galactosidase (LacZ) plays a critical role in lactose metabolism and is an extremely stable protein that can persist in growing cells for multiple generations after expression
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The IL-17 pathway intertwines with neurotrophin and TLR/IL-1R pathways since its domain shuffling origin Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Shenghui Chen, Huiping Fan, Chenrui Ran, Yun Hong, Huixiong Feng, Zirui Yue, Hao Zhang, Pierre Pontarotti, Anlong Xu, Shengfeng Huang
The IL-17 pathway displays remarkably diverse functional modes between different subphyla, classes, and even orders, yet its driving factors remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the IL-17 pathway originated through domain shuffling between a Toll-like receptor (TLR)/IL-1R pathway and a neurotrophin-RTK (receptor-tyrosine-kinase) pathway (a Trunk-Torso pathway). Unlike other new pathways that
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Monocyte to macrophage differentiation and changes in cellular redox homeostasis promote cell type-specific HIV latency reactivation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Alexandra Blanco, Robert A. Coronado, Neha Arun, Kelly Ma, Roy D. Dar, Collin Kieffer
HIV latency regulation in monocytes and macrophages can vary according to signals directing differentiation, polarization, and function. To investigate these processes, we generated an HIV latency model in THP-1 monocytes and showed differential levels of HIV reactivation among clonal populations. Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation of HIV-infected primary human CD14+ and THP-1 cells induced HIV
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Radiocarbon chronology of Iron Age Jerusalem reveals calibration offsets and architectural developments Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Johanna Regev, Yuval Gadot, Joe Uziel, Ortal Chalaf, Yiftah Shalev, Helena Roth, Nitsan Shalom, Nahshon Szanton, Efrat Bocher, Charlotte L. Pearson, David M. Brown, Eugenia Mintz, Lior Regev, Elisabetta Boaretto
Reconstructing the absolute chronology of Jerusalem during the time it served as the Judahite Kingdom’s capital is challenging due to its dense, still inhabited urban nature and the plateau shape of the radiocarbon calibration curve during part of this period. We present 103 radiocarbon dates from reliable archaeological contexts in five excavation areas of Iron Age Jerusalem, which tie between archaeology
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Hidden hotspots of amphibian biodiversity in China Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Wei Xu, Yun-He Wu, Wei-Wei Zhou, Hong-Man Chen, Bao-Lin Zhang, Jin-Min Chen, Weihua Xu, Ding-Qi Rao, Haipeng Zhao, Fang Yan, Zhiyong Yuan, Ke Jiang, Jie-Qiong Jin, Mian Hou, Dahu Zou, Li-Jun Wang, Yuchi Zheng, Jia-Tang Li, Jianping Jiang, Xiao-Mao Zeng, Youhua Chen, Zi-Yan Liao, Cheng Li, Xue-You Li, Wei Gao, Kai Wang, Dong-Ru Zhang, Chenqi Lu, Tingting Yin, Zhaoli Ding, Gui-Gang Zhao, Jing Chai, Wen-Ge
Identifying and protecting hotspots of endemism and species richness is crucial for mitigating the global biodiversity crisis. However, our understanding of spatial diversity patterns is far from complete, which severely limits our ability to conserve biodiversity hotspots. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of amphibian species diversity in China, one of the most species-rich countries on Earth
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A time-resolved single-cell roadmap of the logic driving anterior neural crest diversification from neural border to migration stages Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Aleksandr Kotov, Subham Seal, Mansour Alkobtawi, Vincent Kappès, Sofia Medina Ruiz, Hugo Arbès, Richard M. Harland, Leonid Peshkin, Anne H. Monsoro-Burq
Neural crest cells exemplify cellular diversification from a multipotent progenitor population. However, the full sequence of early molecular choices orchestrating the emergence of neural crest heterogeneity from the embryonic ectoderm remains elusive. Gene-regulatory-networks (GRN) govern early development and cell specification toward definitive neural crest. Here, we combine ultradense single-cell
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Effect of skull morphology on fox snow diving Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Jisoo Yuk, Anupam Pandey, Leena Park, William E. Bemis, Sunghwan Jung
Certain fox species plunge-dive into snow to catch prey (e.g., rodents), a hunting mechanism called mousing. Red and arctic foxes can dive into snow at speeds ranging between 2 and 4 m/s. Such mousing behavior is facilitated by a slim, narrow facial structure. Here, we investigate how foxes dive into snow efficiently by studying the role of skull morphology on impact forces it experiences. In this
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Neuronal innervation regulates the secretion of neurotrophic myokines and exosomes from skeletal muscle Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Kai-Yu Huang, Gaurav Upadhyay, Yujin Ahn, Masayoshoi Sakakura, Gelson J. Pagan-Diaz, Younghak Cho, Amanda C. Weiss, Chen Huang, Jennifer W. Mitchell, Jiahui Li, Yanqi Tan, Yu-Heng Deng, Austin Ellis-Mohr, Zhi Dou, Xiaotain Zhang, Sehong Kang, Qian Chen, Jonathan V. Sweedler, Sung Gap Im, Rashid Bashir, Hee Jung Chung, Gabriel Popescu, Martha U. Gillette, Mattia Gazzola, Hyunjoon Kong
Myokines and exosomes, originating from skeletal muscle, are shown to play a significant role in maintaining brain homeostasis. While exercise has been reported to promote muscle secretion, little is known about the effects of neuronal innervation and activity on the yield and molecular composition of biologically active molecules from muscle. As neuromuscular diseases and disabilities associated with
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Genetic and phenotypic profiling of single living circulating tumor cells from patients with microfluidics Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Zaizai Dong, Yusen Wang, Gaolian Xu, Bing Liu, Yang Wang, Julien Reboud, Pawel Jajesniak, Shi Yan, Pingchuan Ma, Feng Liu, Yuhao Zhou, Zhiyuan Jin, Kuan Yang, Zhaocun Huang, Minglei Zhuo, Bo Jia, Jian Fang, Panpan Zhang, Nan Wu, Mingzhu Yang, Jonathan M. Cooper, Lingqian Chang
Accurate prediction of the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer patients through the characterization of both genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in individual patient cells holds great promise in informing targeted treatments, and ultimately in improving care pathways and clinical outcomes. Here, we describe the nanoplatform for interrogating living cell host-gene and (micro-)environment (NICHE)
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Human mutations in high-confidence Tourette disorder genes affect sensorimotor behavior, reward learning, and striatal dopamine in mice Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Cara Nasello, Lauren A. Poppi, Junbing Wu, Tess F. Kowalski, Joshua K. Thackray, Riley Wang, Angelina Persaud, Mariam Mahboob, Sherry Lin, Rodna Spaseska, C. K. Johnson, Derek Gordon, Fadel Tissir, Gary A. Heiman, Jay A. Tischfield, Miriam Bocarsly, Max A. Tischfield
Tourette disorder (TD) is poorly understood, despite affecting 1/160 children. A lack of animal models possessing construct, face, and predictive validity hinders progress in the field. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate mice with mutations orthologous to human de novo variants in two high-confidence Tourette genes, CELSR3 and WWC1 . Mice with human mutations in Celsr3 and Wwc1 exhibit
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Incomplete-penetrant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MYH7 G256E mutation causes hypercontractility and elevated mitochondrial respiration Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Soah Lee, Alison S. Vander Roest, Cheavar A. Blair, Kerry Kao, Samantha B. Bremner, Matthew C. Childers, Divya Pathak, Paul Heinrich, Daniel Lee, Orlando Chirikian, Saffie E. Mohran, Brock Roberts, Jacqueline E. Smith, James W. Jahng, David T. Paik, Joseph C. Wu, Ruwanthi N. Gunawardane, Kathleen M. Ruppel, David L. Mack, Beth L. Pruitt, Michael Regnier, Sean M. Wu, James A. Spudich, Daniel Bernstein
Determining the pathogenicity of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy–associated mutations in the β-myosin heavy chain ( MYH7 ) can be challenging due to its variable penetrance and clinical severity. This study investigates the early pathogenic effects of the incomplete-penetrant MYH7 G256E mutation on myosin function that may trigger pathogenic adaptations and hypertrophy. We hypothesized that the G256E mutation
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β-catenin turnover is regulated by Nek10-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Previn Dutt, Nasir Haider, Samar Mouaaz, Lauren Podmore, Vuk Stambolic
β-catenin has influential roles affecting embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and human diseases including cancer. Cellular β-catenin levels are exquisitely controlled by a variety of regulatory mechanisms. In the course of exploring the functions of the Nek10 tyrosine kinase, we observed that deletion of Nek10 in lung adenocarcinoma cells resulted in dramatic stabilization of β-catenin, suggestive
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Understanding stoichiometric constraints on growth using resource use efficiency imbalances Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Clay Prater, Tin Phan, James J. Elser, Punidan D. Jeyasingh
Growth is a function of the net accrual of resources by an organism. Energy and elemental contents of organisms are dynamically linked through their uptake and allocation to biomass production, yet we lack a full understanding of how these dynamics regulate growth rate. Here, we develop a multivariate imbalance framework, the growth efficiency hypothesis, linking organismal resource contents to growth
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The thermoneutral zone in women takes an “arctic” shift compared to men Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Robert J. Brychta, Suzanne McGehee, Shan Huang, Brooks P. Leitner, Courtney J. Duckworth, Laura A. Fletcher, Katherine Kim, Thomas M. Cassimatis, Nikita S. Israni, Hannah J. Lea, Taylor N. Lentz, Anne E. Pierce, Alex Jiang, Samuel R. LaMunion, Reed J. Thomas, Asuka Ishihara, Amber B. Courville, Shanna B. Yang, Marc L. Reitman, Aaron M. Cypess, Kong Y. Chen
Conventionally, women are perceived to feel colder than men, but controlled comparisons are sparse. We measured the response of healthy, lean, young women and men to a range of ambient temperatures typical of the daily environment (17 to 31 °C). The Scholander model of thermoregulation defines the lower critical temperature as threshold of the thermoneutral zone, below which additional heat production
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Influence of lipid bilayer on the structure of the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Nigel Unwin
The muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a transmitter-gated ion channel residing in the plasma membrane of electrocytes and striated muscle cells. It is present predominantly at synaptic junctions, where it effects rapid depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane in response to acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft. Previously, cryo-EM of intact membrane from Torpedo revealed
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Engineering tertiary chirality in helical biopolymers Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Jordan Janowski, Van A. B. Pham, Simon Vecchioni, Karol Woloszyn, Brandon Lu, Yijia Zou, Betel Erkalo, Lara Perren, Joe Rueb, Jesse Madnick, Chengde Mao, Masahico Saito, Yoel P. Ohayon, Nataša Jonoska, Ruojie Sha
Tertiary chirality describes the handedness of supramolecular assemblies and relies not only on the primary and secondary structures of the building blocks but also on topological driving forces that have been sparsely characterized. Helical biopolymers, especially DNA, have been extensively investigated as they possess intrinsic chirality that determines the optical, mechanical, and physical properties
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UDP-glycosyltransferases act as key determinants of host plant range in generalist and specialist Spodoptera species Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Huidong Wang, Jing Song, Benjamin J. Hunt, Kairan Zuo, Huiru Zhou, Angela Hayward, Bingbing Li, Yajuan Xiao, Xing Geng, Chris Bass, Shutang Zhou
Phytophagous insects have evolved sophisticated detoxification systems to overcome the antiherbivore chemical defenses produced by many plants. However, how these biotransformation systems differ in generalist and specialist insect species and their role in determining insect host plant range remains an open question. Here, we show that UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) play a key role in determining
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Correction for Howard et al., An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-25
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
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“Net zero” may need a rethink to keep climate targets within reach Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Stephen Battersby
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
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TRAF3 loss-of-function reveals the noncanonical NF-κB pathway as a therapeutic target in diffuse large B cell lymphoma Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Michael Y. LiLauren C. ChongGerben DunsAndrew LytleBruce WoolcockAixiang JiangAdèle TeleniusSusana Ben-NeriahWaqas NawazGraham W. SlackIngrid ElisiaElena ViganòTomohiro AokiShannon HealyGerald KrystalLeandro VenturuttiDavid W. ScottChristian SteidlaCentre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, CanadabDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
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Selective social interactions and speed-induced leadership in schooling fish Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Andreu PuyElisabet GimenoJordi TorrentsPalina BartashevichM. Carmen MiguelRomualdo Pastor-SatorrasPawel RomanczukaDepartament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, SpainbDepartament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, SpaincInstitute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10115, GermanydExcellence
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
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Enriching surface-ordered defects on WO3 for photocatalytic CO2-to-CH4 conversion by water Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Sikang XueChanggeng WeiMin ShenXiaocong LiangJiali WangCan YangWandong XingSibo WangWei LinZhiyang YuYidong HouJimmy C. YuXinchen WangaState Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of ChinabFujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Chemical Engineering of China, College of Chemical Engineering
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
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Negotiating discord in sustainability transformations Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 James J. Patterson, Giuseppe Feola, Rakhyun E. Kim
Policy action for sustainability transformation faces inherent and ever-present sources of conflict, pushback, and resistance (i.e., discord). However, conceptual frameworks and policy prescriptions for sustainability transformations often reflect an undue image of accord. This involves simplified assumptions about consensus, steering, friction, discreteness, and additiveness of policy action, conferring