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2023: Weather and Climate Extremes Hitting the Globe with Emerging Features Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Wenxia Zhang, Robin Clark, Tianjun Zhou, Laurent Li, Chao Li, Juan Rivera, Lixia Zhang, Kexin Gui, Tingyu Zhang, Lan Li, Rongyun Pan, Yongjun Chen, Shijie Tang, Xin Huang, Shuai Hu
Globally, 2023 was the warmest observed year on record since at least 1850 and, according to proxy evidence, possibly of the past 100 000 years. As in recent years, the record warmth has again been accompanied with yet more extreme weather and climate events throughout the world. Here, we provide an overview of those of 2023, with details and key background causes to help build upon our understanding
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Assessments of Data-Driven Deep Learning Models on One-Month Predictions of Pan-Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Chentao Song, Jiang Zhu, Xichen Li
In recent years, deep learning methods have gradually been applied to prediction tasks related to Arctic sea ice concentration, but relatively little research has been conducted for larger spatial and temporal scales, mainly due to the limited time coverage of observations and reanalysis data. Meanwhile, deep learning predictions of sea ice thickness (SIT) have yet to receive ample attention. In this
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Roles of Upper-Level Descending Inflow in Moat Development in Simulated Tropical Cyclones with Secondary Eyewall Formation Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Nannan Qin, Liguang Wu
This study investigated the effects of upper-level descending inflow (ULDI) associated with inner-eyewall convection on the formation of the moat in tropical cyclones (TCs) with secondary eyewall formation (SEF). In our numerical experiments, a clear moat with SEF occurred in TCs with a significant ULDI, while no SEF occurred in TCs without a significant ULDI. The eyewall convection developed more
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Characteristics and Mechanisms of Persistent Wet–Cold Events with Different Cold-air Paths in South China Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Xiaojuan Sun, Li Chen, Chuhan Lu, Panxing Wang
We investigate the characteristics and mechanisms of persistent wet-cold events (PWCEs) with different types of cold-air paths. Results show that the cumulative single-station frequency of the PWCEs in the western part of South China is higher than that in the eastern part. The pattern of single-station frequency of the PWCEs are “Yangtze River (YR) uniform” and “east–west inverse”. The YR uniform
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Toward a Learnable Climate Model in the Artificial Intelligence Era Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Gang Huang, Ya Wang, Yoo-Geun Ham, Bin Mu, Weichen Tao, Chaoyang Xie
Artificial intelligence (AI) models have significantly impacted various areas of the atmospheric sciences, reshaping our approach to climate-related challenges. Amid this AI-driven transformation, the foundational role of physics in climate science has occasionally been overlooked. Our perspective suggests that the future of climate modeling involves a synergistic partnership between AI and physics
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Machine Learning Analysis of Impact of Western US Fires on Central US Hailstorms Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Xinming Lin, Jiwen Fan, Yuwei Zhang, Z. Jason Hou
Fires, including wildfires, harm air quality and essential public services like transportation, communication, and utilities. These fires can also influence atmospheric conditions, including temperature and aerosols, potentially affecting severe convective storms. Here, we investigate the remote impacts of fires in the western United States (WUS) on the occurrence of large hail (size: ⩾ 2.54 cm) in
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U-Net Models for Representing Wind Stress Anomalies over the Tropical Pacific and Their Integrations with an Intermediate Coupled Model for ENSO Studies Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Shuangying Du, Rong-Hua Zhang
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the strongest interannual climate mode influencing the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific, and numerous dynamical and statistical models have been developed to simulate and predict it. In some simplified coupled ocean-atmosphere models, the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and wind stress (τ) anomalies can be constructed
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Correcting Climate Model Sea Surface Temperature Simulations with Generative Adversarial Networks: Climatology, Interannual Variability, and Extremes Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Ya Wang, Gang Huang, Baoxiang Pan, Pengfei Lin, Niklas Boers, Weichen Tao, Yutong Chen, Bo Liu, Haijie Li
Climate models are vital for understanding and projecting global climate change and its associated impacts. However, these models suffer from biases that limit their accuracy in historical simulations and the trustworthiness of future projections. Addressing these challenges requires addressing internal variability, hindering the direct alignment between model simulations and observations, and thwarting
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Study on Quantitative Precipitation Estimation by Polarimetric Radar Using Deep Learning Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Jiang Huangfu, Zhiqun Hu, Jiafeng Zheng, Lirong Wang, Yongjie Zhu
Accurate radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) plays an essential role in disaster prevention and mitigation. In this paper, two deep learning-based QPE networks including a single-parameter network and a multi-parameter network are designed. Meanwhile, a self-defined loss function (SLF) is proposed during modeling. The dataset includes Shijiazhuang S-band dual polarimetric radar (CINRAD/SAD)
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Relative Impacts of Sea Ice Loss and Atmospheric Internal Variability on the Winter Arctic to East Asian Surface Air Temperature Based on Large-Ensemble Simulations with NorESM2 Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Shengping He, Helge Drange, Tore Furevik, Huijun Wang, Ke Fan, Lise Seland Graff, Yvan J. Orsolini
To quantify the relative contributions of Arctic sea ice and unforced atmospheric internal variability to the “warm Arctic, cold East Asia” (WACE) teleconnection, this study analyses three sets of large-ensemble simulations carried out by the Norwegian Earth System Model with a coupled atmosphere–land surface model, forced by seasonal sea ice conditions from preindustrial, present-day, and future periods
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A Deep Learning Approach for Forecasting Thunderstorm Gusts in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Yunqing Liu, Lu Yang, Mingxuan Chen, Linye Song, Lei Han, Jingfeng Xu
Thunderstorm gusts are a common form of severe convective weather in the warm season in North China, and it is of great importance to correctly forecast them. At present, the forecasting of thunderstorm gusts is mainly based on traditional subjective methods, which fails to achieve high-resolution and high-frequency gridded forecasts based on multiple observation sources. In this paper, we propose
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Distribution and Formation Causes of PM2.5 and O3 Double High Pollution Events in China during 2013–20 Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Zhixuan Tong, Yingying Yan, Shaofei Kong, Jintai Lin, Nan Chen, Bo Zhu, Jing Ma, Tianliang Zhao, Shihua Qi
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) double high pollution (DHP) events have occurred frequently over China in recent years, but their causes are not completely clear. In this study, the spatiotemporal distribution of DHP events in China during 2013–20 is analyzed. The synoptic types affecting DHP events are identified with the Lamb–Jenkinson circulation classification method. The meteorological
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Detection of Turbulence Anomalies Using a Symbolic Classifier Algorithm in Airborne Quick Access Record (QAR) Data Analysis Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Zibo Zhuang, Kunyun Lin, Hongying Zhang, Pak-Wai Chan
As the risks associated with air turbulence are intensified by climate change and the growth of the aviation industry, it has become imperative to monitor and mitigate these threats to ensure civil aviation safety. The eddy dissipation rate (EDR) has been established as the standard metric for quantifying turbulence in civil aviation. This study aims to explore a universally applicable symbolic classification
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Projecting Spring Consecutive Rainfall Events in the Three Gorges Reservoir Based on Triple-Nested Dynamical Downscaling Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Yanxin Zheng, Shuanglin Li, Noel Keenlyside, Shengping He, Lingling Suo
Spring consecutive rainfall events (CREs) are key triggers of geological hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGR), China. However, previous projections of CREs based on the direct outputs of global climate models (GCMs) are subject to considerable uncertainties, largely caused by their coarse resolution. This study applies a triple-nested WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model dynamical
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Representation of the Stratospheric Circulation in CRA-40 Reanalysis: The Arctic Polar Vortex and the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Zixu Wang, Shirui Yan, Jinggao Hu, Jiechun Deng, Rongcai Ren, Jian Rao
The representation of the Arctic stratospheric circulation and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) during the period 1981–2019 in a 40-yr Chinese global reanalysis dataset (CRA-40) is evaluated by comparing two widely used reanalysis datasets, ERA-5 and MERRA-2. CRA-40 demonstrates a comparable performance with ERA-5 and MERRA-2 in characterizing the winter and spring circulation in the lower and
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Summer Atmospheric Water Cycle under the Transition Influence of the Westerly and Summer Monsoon over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in the Southern Tibetan Plateau Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-21
Abstract This study compares the summer atmospheric water cycle, including moisture sources and consumption, in the upstream, midstream, and downstream regions of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in the southern Tibetan Plateau. The evolutions of moisture properties under the influence of the westerly and summer southerly monsoon are examined using 5-yr multi-source measurements and ERA5 reanalysis data
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Seasonal Characteristics of Forecasting Uncertainties in Surface PM2.5 Concentration Associated with Forecast Lead Time over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Qiuyan Du, Chun Zhao, Jiawang Feng, Zining Yang, Jiamin Xu, Jun Gu, Mingshuai Zhang, Mingyue Xu, Shengfu Lin
Forecasting uncertainties among meteorological fields have long been recognized as the main limitation on the accuracy and predictability of air quality forecasts. However, the particular impact of meteorological forecasting uncertainties on air quality forecasts specific to different seasons is still not well known. In this study, a series of forecasts with different forecast lead times for January
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Factors Influencing the Spatial Variability of Air Temperature Urban Heat Island Intensity in Chinese Cities Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Heng Lyu, Wei Wang, Keer Zhang, Chang Cao, Wei Xiao, Xuhui Lee
Few studies have investigated the spatial patterns of the air temperature urban heat island (AUHI) and its controlling factors. In this study, the data generated by an urban climate model were used to investigate the spatial variations of the AUHI across China and the underlying climate and ecological drivers. A total of 355 urban clusters were used. We performed an attribution analysis of the AUHI
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Westerlies Affecting the Seasonal Variation of Water Vapor Transport over the Tibetan Plateau Induced by Tropical Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-21
Abstract This study investigates the activity of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) from 1979 to 2018 to discover the mechanism affecting the contribution rate to the meridional moisture budget anomaly (MMBA) over the southern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau (SBTP). May and October–December are the bimodal phases of BOB TC frequency, which decreases month by month from October to December
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Local Torrential Rainfall Event within a Mei-Yu Season Mesoscale Convective System: Importance of Back-Building Processes Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Honglei Zhang, Ming Xue, Hangfeng Shen, Xiaofan Li, Guoqing Zhai
An extreme rainfall event occurred over Hangzhou, China, during the afternoon hours on 24 June 2013. This event occurred under suitable synoptic conditions and the maximum 4-h cumulative rainfall amount was over 150 mm. This rainfall event had two major rainbands. One was caused by a quasi-stationary convective line, and the other by a back-building convective line related to the interaction of the
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CAS-ESM2.0 Dataset for the Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project (CDRMIP) Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Jiangbo Jin, Duoying Ji, Xiao Dong, Kece Fei, Run Guo, Juanxiong He, Yi Yu, Zhaoyang Chai, He Zhang, Dongling Zhang, Kangjun Chen, Qingcun Zeng
Understanding the response of the Earth system to varying concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) is critical for projecting possible future climate change and for providing insight into mitigation and adaptation strategies in the near future. In this study, we generate a dataset by conducting an experiment involving carbon dioxide removal (CDR)—a potential way to suppress global warming—using the Chinese
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Assimilating FY-4A AGRI Radiances with a Channel-Sensitive Cloud Detection Scheme for the Analysis and Forecasting of Multiple Typhoons Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Feifei Shen, Aiqing Shu, Zhiquan Liu, Hong Li, Lipeng Jiang, Tao Zhang, Dongmei Xu
This paper presents an attempt at assimilating clear-sky FY-4A Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager (AGRI) radiances from two water vapor channels for the prediction of three landfalling typhoon events over the West Pacific Ocean using the 3DVar data assimilation (DA) method along with the WRF model. A channel-sensitive cloud detection scheme based on the particle filter (PF) algorithm is developed
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Comparison of a Spectral Bin and Two Multi-Moment Bulk Microphysics Schemes for Supercell Simulation: Investigation into Key Processes Responsible for Hydrometeor Distributions and Precipitation Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Marcus Johnson, Ming Xue, Youngsun Jung
There are more uncertainties with ice hydrometeor representations and related processes than liquid hydrometeors within microphysics parameterization (MP) schemes because of their complicated geometries and physical properties. Idealized supercell simulations are produced using the WRF model coupled with “full” Hebrew University spectral bin MP (HU-SBM), and NSSL and Thompson bulk MP (BMP) schemes
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Assessment of Wet Season Precipitation in the Central United States by the Regional Climate Simulation of the WRFG Member in NARCCAP and Its Relationship with Large-Scale Circulation Biases Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-01
Abstract Assessment of past-climate simulations of regional climate models (RCMs) is important for understanding the reliability of RCMs when used to project future regional climate. Here, we assess the performance and discuss possible causes of biases in a WRF-based RCM with a grid spacing of 50 km, named WRFG, from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) in simulating
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Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Rainfall over Different Terrain Features in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin during the Warm Seasons of 2016–20 Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-05
Abstract Based on hourly rain gauge data during May–September of 2016–20, we analyze the spatiotemporal distributions of total rainfall (TR) and short-duration heavy rainfall (SDHR; hourly rainfall ⩾ 20 mm) and their diurnal variations over the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin. For all three types of terrain (i.e., mountain, foothill, and plain), the amount of TR and SDHR both maximize in
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The Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) Project in Central Asia: The Case for a Regional Hydroclimate Project Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Michael Brody, Maksim Kulikov, Sagynbek Orunbaev, Peter J. Van Oevelen
Central Asia consists of the former Soviet Republics, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The region’s climate is continental, mostly semi-arid to arid. Agriculture is a significant part of the region’s economy. By its nature of intensive water use, agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Population growth and irrigation development have significantly
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A Tutorial Review of the Solar Power Curve: Regressions, Model Chains, and Their Hybridization and Probabilistic Extensions Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Dazhi Yang, Xiang’ao Xia, Martin János Mayer
Owing to the persisting hype in pushing toward global carbon neutrality, the study scope of atmospheric science is rapidly expanding. Among numerous trending topics, energy meteorology has been attracting the most attention hitherto. One essential skill of solar energy meteorologists is solar power curve modeling, which seeks to map irradiance and auxiliary weather variables to solar power, by statistical
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Non-crossing Quantile Regression Neural Network as a Calibration Tool for Ensemble Weather Forecasts Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Mengmeng Song, Dazhi Yang, Sebastian Lerch, Xiang’ao Xia, Gokhan Mert Yagli, Jamie M. Bright, Yanbo Shen, Bai Liu, Xingli Liu, Martin János Mayer
Despite the maturity of ensemble numerical weather prediction (NWP), the resulting forecasts are still, more often than not, under-dispersed. As such, forecast calibration tools have become popular. Among those tools, quantile regression (QR) is highly competitive in terms of both flexibility and predictive performance. Nevertheless, a long-standing problem of QR is quantile crossing, which greatly
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Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research: The ARCPATH Project Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Astrid E. J. Ogilvie, Leslie A. King, Noel Keenlyside, François Counillon, Brynhildur Daviđsdóttir, Níels Einarsson, Sergey Gulev, Ke Fan, Torben Koenigk, James R. McGoodwin, Marianne H. Rasmusson, Shuting Yang
This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO’s significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies - ARCPATH (https://www.svs.is/en/projects/finished-projects/arcpath). The disciplines represented in the project are related to climatology, anthropology, marine biology
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Scientific Advances and Weather Services of the China Meteorological Administration’s National Forecasting Systems during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-22
Abstract Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was the first Winter Olympics in history held in continental winter monsoon climate conditions across complex terrain areas, there is a deficiency of relevant research, operational techniques, and experience. This made providing meteorological services for this event particularly challenging. The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Earth System
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Persistent Variations in the East Asian Trough from March to April and the Possible Mechanism Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Shui Yu, Jianqi Sun
The East Asian trough (EAT) profoundly influences the East Asian spring climate. In this study, the relationship of the EATs among the three spring months is investigated. Correlation analysis shows that the variation in March EAT is closely related to that of April EAT. Extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) analysis also confirms the co-variation of the March and April EATs. The positive/negative
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Shallow Convection Dataset Simulated by Three Different Large Eddy Models Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Yaxin Zhao, Xiaocong Wang, Yimin Liu, Guoxiong Wu, Yanjie Liu
Shallow convection plays an important role in transporting heat and moisture from the near-surface to higher altitudes, yet its parameterization in numerical models remains a great challenge, partly due to the lack of high-resolution observations. This study describes a large eddy simulation (LES) dataset for four shallow convection cases that differ primarily in inversion strength, which can be used
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The Unprecedented Extreme Anticyclonic Anomaly over Northeast Asia in July 2021 and Its Climatic Impacts Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Xingyan Zhou, Riyu Lu
This study investigates the evolution of an extreme anomalous anticyclone (AA) event over Northeast Asia, which was one of the dominant circulation systems responsible for the catastrophic extreme precipitation event in July 2021 in Henan, and further explores the significant impact of this AA on surface temperatures beneath it. The results indicate that this AA event over Northeast Asia was unprecedented
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Alignment of Track Oscillations during Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-09
Abstract Recent studies on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change indicate that the development of a vertically aligned TC circulation is a key feature of its rapid intensification (RI), however, understanding how vortex alignment occurs remains a challenging topic in TC intensity change research. Based on the simulation outputs of North Atlantic Hurricane Wilma (2005) and western North Pacific Typhoon
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The Contribution of United States Aircraft Reconnaissance Data to the China Meteorological Administration Tropical Cyclone Intensity Data: An Evaluation of Homogeneity Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Ming Ying, Xiaoqin Lu
This paper investigates the homogeneity of United States aircraft reconnaissance data and the impact of these data on the homogeneity of the tropical cyclone (TC) best track data for the seasons 1949–1987 generated by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). The evaluation of the reconnaissance data shows that the minimum central sea level pressure (MCP) data are relatively homogeneous, whereas
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Enhancing Deep Learning Soil Moisture Forecasting Models by Integrating Physics-based Models Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Lu Li, Yongjiu Dai, Zhongwang Wei, Wei Shangguan, Nan Wei, Yonggen Zhang, Qingliang Li, Xian-Xiang Li
Accurate soil moisture (SM) prediction is critical for understanding hydrological processes. Physics-based (PB) models exhibit large uncertainties in SM predictions arising from uncertain parameterizations and insufficient representation of land-surface processes. In addition to PB models, deep learning (DL) models have been widely used in SM predictions recently. However, few pure DL models have notably
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Assessing the Performance of a Dynamical Downscaling Simulation Driven by a Bias-Corrected CMIP6 Dataset for Asian Climate Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-06
Abstract In this study, we aim to assess dynamical downscaling simulations by utilizing a novel bias-corrected global climate model (GCM) data to drive a regional climate model (RCM) over the Asia-western North Pacific region. Three simulations were conducted with a 25-km grid spacing for the period 1980–2014. The first simulation (WRF_ERA5) was driven by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
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Deep Learning Shows Promise for Seasonal Prediction of Antarctic Sea Ice in a Rapid Decline Scenario Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-06
Abstract The rapidly changing Antarctic sea ice has garnered significant interest. To enhance the prediction skill for sea ice and respond to the Sea Ice Prediction Network-South’s latest call, this study presents the reforecast results of Antarctic sea-ice area and extent from December to June of the coming year with a Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) Network. The reforecast experiments
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Different El Niño Flavors and Associated Atmospheric Teleconnections as Simulated in a Hybrid Coupled Model Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Junya Hu, Hongna Wang, Chuan Gao, Rong-Hua Zhang
A previously developed hybrid coupled model (HCM) is composed of an intermediate tropical Pacific Ocean model and a global atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), denoted as HCMAGCM. In this study, different El Niño flavors, namely the Eastern-Pacific (EP) and Central-Pacific (CP) types, and the associated global atmospheric teleconnections are examined in a 1000-yr control simulation of the
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Climate–Vegetation Coverage Interactions in the Hengduan Mountains Area, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, and Their Downstream Effects Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Congxi Fang, Jinlei Chen, Chaojun Ouyang, Lu Wang, Changfeng Sun, Quan Zhang, Jun Wen
Little is known about the mechanism of climate–vegetation coverage coupled changes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) region, which is the most climatically sensitive and ecologically fragile region with the highest terrain in the world. This study, using multisource datasets (including satellite data and meteorological observations and reanalysis data) revealed the mutual feedback mechanisms between changes
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Changes in Spring Snow Cover over the Eastern and Western Tibetan Plateau and Their Associated Mechanism Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Fangchi Liu, Xiaojing Jia, Wei Dong
The spring snow cover (SC) over the western Tibetan Plateau (TP) (TPSC) (W_TPSC) and eastern TPSC (E_TPSC) have displayed remarkable decreasing and increasing trends, respectively, during 1985–2020. The current work investigates the possible mechanisms accounting for these distinct TPSC changes. Our results indicate that the decrease in W_TPSC is primarily attributed to rising temperatures, while the
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Cloud Top Pressure Retrieval Using Polarized and Oxygen A-band Measurements from GF5 and PARASOL Satellites Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Lesi Wei, Huazhe Shang, Jian Xu, Chong Shi, Gegen Tana, Kefu Chao, Shanhu Bao, Liangfu Chen, Husi Letu
Cloud top pressure (CTP) is one of the critical cloud properties that significantly affects the radiative effect of clouds. Multi-angle polarized sensors can employ polarized bands (490 nm) or O2 A-bands (763 and 765 nm) to retrieve the CTP. However, the CTP retrieved by the two methods shows inconsistent results in certain cases, and large uncertainties in low and thin cloud retrievals, which may
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Impact of Initial Soil Conditions on Soil Hydrothermal and Surface Energy Fluxes in the Permafrost Region of the Tibetan Plateau Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Siqiong Luo, Zihang Chen, Jingyuan Wang, Tonghua Wu, Yao Xiao, Yongping Qiao
Accurate initial soil conditions play a crucial role in simulating soil hydrothermal and surface energy fluxes in land surface process modeling. This study emphasized the influence of the initial soil temperature (ST) and soil moisture (SM) conditions on a land surface energy and water simulation in the permafrost region in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) using the Community Land Model version 5.0 (CLM5.0)
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The 2022 Extreme Heatwave in Shanghai, Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Valley: Combined Influences of Multiscale Variabilities Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Ping Liang, Zhiqi Zhang, Yihui Ding, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Qi Chen
In the summer of 2022, China (especially the Yangtze River Valley, YRV) suffered its strongest heatwave (HW) event since 1961. In this study, we examined the influences of multiscale variabilities on the 2022 extreme HW in the lower reaches of the YRV, focusing on the city of Shanghai. We found that about 1/3 of the 2022 HW days in Shanghai can be attributed to the long-term warming trend of global
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A Tri-mode of Mock-Walker Cells Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Han Qin, Ji Nie, Zhiyong Meng
This work uses cloud-resolving simulations to study mock-Walker cells driven by a specified sea surface temperature (SST). The associated precipitation in the mock-Walker cells exhibits three different modes, including a single peak of precipitation over the SST maximum (mode 1), symmetric double peaks of precipitation straddling the SST maximum (mode 2), and a single peak of precipitation on one side
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A Study on the Assessment and Integration of Multi-Source Evapotranspiration Products over the Tibetan Plateau Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Ming Cheng, Lei Zhong, Yaoming Ma, Han Ma, Yaoxin Chang, Peizhen Li, Meilin Cheng, Xian Wang, Nan Ge
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a crucial variable in the terrestrial water, carbon, and energy cycles. At present, a large number of multisource ET products exist. Due to sparse observations, however, great challenges exist in the evaluation and integration of ET products in remote and complex areas such as the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this paper, the applicability of the multiple collocation (MC) method
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Cloud-Type-Dependent 1DVAR Algorithm for Retrieving Hydrometeors and Precipitation in Tropical Cyclone Nanmadol from GMI Data Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Linjun Han, Fuzhong Weng, Hao Hu, Xiuqing Hu
Understanding the structure of tropical cyclone (TC) hydrometeors is crucial for detecting the changes in the distribution and intensity of precipitation. In this study, the GMI brightness temperature and cloud-dependent 1DVAR algorithm were used to retrieve the hydrometeor profiles and surface rain rate of TC Nanmadol (2022). The Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System (ARMS) was used to calculate
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Aircraft Observation and Simulation of the Supercooled Liquid Water Layer in a Warm Conveyor Belt over North China Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-01
Abstract This paper studied a snow event over North China on 21 February 2017, using aircraft in-situ data, a Lagrangian analysis tool, and WRF simulations with different microphysical schemes to investigate the supercooled layer of warm conveyor belts (WCBs). Based on the aircraft data, we found a fine vertical structure within clouds in the WCB and highlighted a 1–2 km thin supercooled liquid water
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The First Global Map of Atmospheric Ammonia (NH3) as Observed by the HIRAS/FY-3D Satellite Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Minqiang Zhou, Zhili Deng, Charles Robert, Xingying Zhang, Lu Zhang, Yapeng Wang, Chengli Qi, Pucai Wang, Martine De Mazière
Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is a chemically active trace gas that plays an important role in the atmospheric environment and climate change. Satellite remote sensing is a powerful technique to monitor NH3 concentration based on the absorption lines of NH3 in the thermal infrared region. In this study, we establish a retrieval algorithm to derive the NH3 column from the Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric
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Frontogenesis and Frontolysis of a Cold Filament Driven by the Cross-Filament Wind and Wave Fields Simulated by a Large Eddy Simulation Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Guojing Li, Dongxiao Wang, Changming Dong, Jiayi Pan, Yeqiang Shu, Zhenqiu Zhang
The variations of the frontogenetic trend of a cold filament induced by the cross-filament wind and wave fields are studied by a non-hydrostatic large eddy simulation. Five cases with different strengths of wind and wave fields are studied. The results show that the intense wind and wave fields further break the symmetries of submesoscale flow fields and suppress the levels of filament frontogenesis
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A Long-Time-Step-Permitting Tracer Transport Model on the Regular Latitude–Longitude Grid Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Jianghao Li, Li Dong
If an explicit time scheme is used in a numerical model, the size of the integration time step is typically limited by the spatial resolution. This study develops a regular latitude–longitude grid-based global three-dimensional tracer transport model that is computationally stable at large time-step sizes. The tracer model employs a finite-volume flux-form semi-Lagrangian transport scheme in the horizontal
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Seasonal Variation of the Sea Surface Temperature Growth Rate of ENSO Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-01
Abstract El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits a distinctive phase-locking characteristic, first expressed during its onset in boreal spring, developing during summer and autumn, reaching its peak towards winter, and decaying over the next spring. Several studies have demonstrated that this feature arises as a result of seasonal variation in the growth rate of ENSO as expressed by the sea surface
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Comparison of the Minimum Bounding Rectangle and Minimum Circumscribed Ellipse of Rain Cells from TRMM Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Hongke Cai, Yaqin Mao, Xuanhao Zhu, Yunfei Fu, Renjun Zhou
Based on the TRMM dataset, this paper compares the applicability of the improved MCE (minimum circumscribed ellipse), MBR (minimum bounding rectangle), and DIA (direct indexing area) methods for rain cell fitting. These three methods can reflect the geometric characteristics of clouds and apply geometric parameters to estimate the real dimensions of rain cells. The MCE method shows a major advantage
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An Initial Perturbation Method for the Multiscale Singular Vector in Global Ensemble Prediction Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Xin Liu, Jing Chen, Yongzhu Liu, Zhenhua Huo, Zhizhen Xu, Fajing Chen, Jing Wang, Yanan Ma, Yumeng Han
Ensemble prediction is widely used to represent the uncertainty of single deterministic Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) caused by errors in initial conditions (ICs). The traditional Singular Vector (SV) initial perturbation method tends only to capture synoptic scale initial uncertainty rather than mesoscale uncertainty in global ensemble prediction. To address this issue, a multiscale SV initial
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The Persistence and Zonal Scale of Atmospheric Dipolar Modes Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Jie Song
This study investigates the relationship between the persistence and the zonal scale of atmospheric dipolar modes (DMs). Results from the daily data of ERA5 and the long-term output of an idealized atmospheric model show that the atmospheric DMs with a broader (narrower) zonal scale dipolar structure possess a longer (shorter) persistence. A detailed vorticity budget analysis indicates that the persistence
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Downscaling Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts over East Africa with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Temesgen Gebremariam Asfaw, Jing-Jia Luo
This study assesses the suitability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for downscaling precipitation over East Africa in the context of seasonal forecasting. To achieve this, we design a set of experiments that compare different CNN configurations and deployed the best-performing architecture to downscale one-month lead seasonal forecasts of June–July–August–September (JJAS) precipitation from
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Assessment of Crop Yield in China Simulated by Thirteen Global Gridded Crop Models Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Dezhen Yin, Fang Li, Yaqiong Lu, Xiaodong Zeng, Zhongda Lin, Yanqing Zhou
Global gridded crop models (GGCMs) have been broadly applied to assess the impacts of climate and environmental change and adaptation on agricultural production. China is a major grain producing country, but thus far only a few studies have assessed the performance of GGCMs in China, and these studies mainly focused on the average and interannual variability of national and regional yields. Here, a
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Assimilation of GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper Flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar, EnKF, and Hybrid En3DVar for the Analysis and Short-Term Forecast of a Supercell Storm Case Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Rong Kong, Ming Xue, Edward R. Mansell, Chengsi Liu, Alexandre O. Fierro
Capabilities to assimilate Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite “R-series” (GOES-R) Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) flash extent density (FED) data within the operational Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation ensemble Kalman filter (GSI-EnKF) framework were previously developed and tested with a mesoscale convective system (MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities are further developed
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Impacts of Ice-Ocean Stress on the Subpolar Southern Ocean: Role of the Ocean Surface Current Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Yang Wu, Zhaomin Wang, Chengyan Liu, Liangjun Yan
The mechanical influences involved in the interaction between the Antarctic sea ice and ocean surface current (OSC) on the subpolar Southern Ocean have been systematically investigated for the first time by conducting two simulations that include and exclude the OSC in the calculation of the ice-ocean stress (IOS), using an eddy-permitting coupled ocean-sea ice global model. By comparing the results
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Attribution of Biases of Interhemispheric Temperature Contrast in CMIP6 Models Adv. Atmos. Sci. (IF 5.8) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Shiyan Zhang, Yongyun Hu, Jiankai Zhang, Yan Xia
One of the basic characteristics of Earth’s modern climate is that the Northern Hemisphere (NH) is climatologically warmer than the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Here, model performances of this basic state are examined using simulation results from 26 CMIP6 models. Results show that the CMIP6 models underestimate the contrast in interhemispheric surface temperatures on average (0.8 K for CMIP6 mean versus