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Group composition of income types and the absolute-relative framing of public good contributions J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Li Yutong, Wang Xianghong, Dai Zhixin
This paper examines the effect of absolute-relative framing on contributions to a public good. Group members have high and low endowments and the number of high-income members in each group varies between treatments. They make contributions without and with a minimum contribution level. We express the contribution metric either in absolute amount or as a relative proportion of a member's initial endowment
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A theory of symbiotic corruption J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Xuezheng CHEN, Lin GUI, Tao WU, Jun ZHANG
Symbiotic corruption occurs when senior officials employ the symbiotic relationship with junior officials in corrupt activities, to induce them to participate in the political contest for power and political rents. This paper develops a formal theoretical model to analyze the mechanics and consequences of symbiotic corruption prevailing in weakly institutionalized societies. We find that in the presence
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Misinformation technology: Internet use and political misperceptions in Africa J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2024-01-27 Joël Cariolle, Yasmine Elkhateeb, Mathilde Maurel
The use of the Internet to access news has an impact on African citizens’ perceptions of democracy. Using repeated cross-sectional data from the Afrobarometer survey across 35 African countries over the period 2011–2018, along with an instrumental variable approach, allows addressing potential endogeneity bias between Internet use and citizens’ perceptions. The results indicate that using the Internet
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Risk-sharing and entrepreneurship J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Matilda Kilström, Paula Roth
This study examines the impact of risk-sharing on entrepreneurship-driven innovation in an occupational choice model, where entrepreneurs exert effort to innovate. Risk-sharing may increase the number of individuals who become entrepreneurs by limiting the downside risk. The effort of entrepreneurs may, however, be hampered by high risk-sharing if this limits the returns faced by successful entrepreneurs
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Conservative Talk Radio and political persuasion in the US,1950–1970 J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2024-01-06 Oliver Engist, Paul Matzko, Erik Merkus
Conservative Talk Radio continues to shape US politics in the 21st century, but it has a deeper history. Using newly digitized archival records, we provide new evidence on the electoral effects of Conservative Talk Radio in the historically consequential period from 1950 to 1970. Conservative radio hosts like Clarence Manion, Billy James Hargis, and Carl McIntire rapidly expanded their network during
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Religious symbols in the public sphere and development of the third sector: Some evidence from rural Poland J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-12-27 Jan Fałkowski, Przemysław J. Kurek
In this paper we examine to what extent civic engagement might emerge from a deep and organic link, which exists between religion and culture. We rely on a novel approach which approximates the deep embodiment of religious institutions in culture by the presence of religious symbols in the public sphere. Drawing on data for rural Poland, we show that municipalities in which we observe a growing number
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Institutions, abilities, and the allocation of talent: Evidence from Russian regions J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Michael Alexeev, Timur Natkhov, Leonid Polishchuk
Strong institutions attract talent to productive activities, whereas weak ones raise the appeal of rent seeking. We propose a theory that describes the impact of institutions on occupational choices over a range of abilities, and predicts that the sensitivity of such choices to the quality of institutions rises in talent when the latter increases from low to intermediate levels, and declines thereafter
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Law and economic behaviour J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Ranoua Bouchouicha, Olivier L’Haridon, Ferdinand M. Vieider
Preferences play a key role in economic models as drivers of behaviour. Recent contributions have started to model preferences as endogenously determined. This creates two fundamental issues for empirical research. The first concerns the determinants of preferences. The second concerns the effect of preferences on economic outcomes, which become difficult to quantify once preferences are endogenous
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The effects of superstition on firms' investment behavior: Evidence from Vietnam, an irreligious country✰ J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Dai Van Pham
This study examines the impact of superstition on corporate decision-making in Vietnam, a highly irreligious country. We focus on the folk belief that the ages of 49–53 are considered calamitous and use a regression discontinuity design to show that companies significantly decrease their investment in fixed assets during these ages of their directors. The effect is more pronounced in smaller firms
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Caselaw and England's economic performance during the Industrial Revolution: Data and evidence J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Peter Grajzl, Peter Murrell
We generate and analyze data pertinent to examining whether developments in caselaw were consequential for England's economic performance during the Industrial Revolution. Applying topic modeling to a corpus of 67,455 reports on English court cases, we construct annual time series of caselaw developments between 1765 and 1865. We then add a real per-capita GDP series to our caselaw series and estimate
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Divesting under Pressure: U.S. firms’ exit in response to Russia’s war against Ukraine J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Tetyana Balyuk, Anastassia Fedyk
We explore the determinants and consequences of U.S. corporations limiting their business operations in Russia in the immediate aftermath of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Firms with Russian exposure experience slightly worse stock market returns when the invasion begins on February 24, 2022. Russia-exposed firms with worse stock-price reactions to the war and greater share of operations in
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Decentralization and trust in government: Quasi-experimental evidence from Ukraine J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Helge Arends, Tymofii Brik, Benedikt Herrmann, Felix Roesel
Can decentralization of political powers increase trust in government? We present quasi-experimental evidence from Ukraine where political trust has been among the lowest levels worldwide. The national government devolved powers and resources to newly formed local governments (hromadas) between 2015 and 2020; this includes a substantial share of taxes on local incomes. We exploit local differences
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The rise of superstar firms in the United States: The role of global sourcing J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Yifan Li, Zhuang Miao
Recent trends of global sourcing, market concentration, and aggregate markup have garnered increased attention. This paper examines the impact of global sourcing of inputs on market structure and markup changes in the United States. We develop a theoretical model with heterogeneous firms that suggests only the most-productivity firms will self-select to source inputs overseas, resulting in an increase
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How can migration unequalize inheritance: Theory and insights from Bolivia J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-07-29 Anne Michels, Jean-Philippe Platteau
Indian communities in Latin America, like in the Middle East and other regions of the world, tend to have rules of equal inheritance. Yet, migration can transform ex ante egalitarian rules into unequal ex post practices. In this paper, based on evidence collected at both sides of the migration link in Bolivia, we find that the unequalization process caused by migration tends to paradoxically harm poor
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Damaged collateral and firm-level finance: Evidence from Russia’s war in Ukraine J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Solomiya Shpak, John S. Earle, Scott Gehlbach, Mariia Panga
How much has Russia’s war in Ukraine damaged the collateral of Ukrainian firms, and how much damage has that caused the Ukrainian financial system? We address this question using unusually rich high-frequency supervisory data of Ukrainian banks combined with a survey of banks on the location and condition of corporate borrowers’ collateral between February and November 2022. Exploiting plausibly exogenous
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Design and implementation of the price cap on Russian oil exports J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Simon Johnson, Lukasz Rachel, Catherine Wolfram
Basic economics teaches that price caps are bad – limiting the price of a good distorts demand and discourages producers from supplying the market. So why did the Biden Administration, led by Janet Yellen, the consummate economist, champion a price cap on oil from Russia after it invaded Ukraine in 2022? The answer is that this price cap, implemented for crude oil in December 2022 and oil products
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Can arms breed peace? The consequence of arms imports from the US on civil wars J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 Xiaoyu He, Yixin Mei
While little evidence sheds light on the positive role of arms, it is still arguably possible for arms imports to reduce conflicts. In this study, we examine whether and how arms imports from the US affect internal conflicts in 135 non-OECD countries. Leveraging a two-way interacted instrumental variable, we exploit a time-series variation of arms supply that arises from the political component of
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Misallocation across establishment gender J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Ashantha Ranasinghe
I find substantial differences in the extent of misallocation across male and female-led establishments spanning many low and middle-income countries. Across broad geographic regions, female establishments face higher distortions to operating a business which are primarily due to higher capital distortions. Equalizing distortions across gender increases female sales shares and can imply proportionally
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Geopolitical fragmentation and trade J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Rodolfo G. Campos, Julia Estefania-Flores, Davide Furceri, Jacopo Timini
What are the economic consequences of geopolitical fragmentation on trade? We answer this question by using a canonical general equilibrium trade model to quantify the trade and welfare effects stemming from world trade fragmentation along geopolitical borders. To calibrate the size of the increase in trade costs, we use a new aggregate measure of trade restrictions that spans over the last 70 years
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Can Black Tulips stop Russia again? J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Dinissa Duvanova, Alex Nikolsko-Rzhevskyy, Olha Zadorozhna
Do the human costs of Russia’s war in Ukraine undermine the popular support for the Russian government? Although there is little evidence that the poor performance of the Russian military forces in Ukraine erodes domestic support for the government, region-specific war casualties may help fuel anti-war sentiment. The paper hypothesizes that publicly announced military deaths and obituaries published
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A simple method to ex-ante quantify the unobservable effects of trade liberalization and trade protection J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Mario Larch, Shawn W. Tan, Yoto V. Yotov
We propose a simple and flexible econometric approach to quantify ex-ante the impact of comprehensive trade liberalization or protection with the structural gravity model. Specifically, we argue that the difference between the estimates of border indicator variables for affected and non-affected countries can be used to measure unobservable changes in bilateral trade costs in response to hypothetical
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Near-real time analysis of war and economic activity during Russia’s invasion of Ukraine J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-06-17 Yuri M. Zhukov
This paper introduces near-real time data on Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, and uses these data to investigate the short-term impact of occupation and violence on local economic activity. The data project – VIINA (Violent Incident Information from News Articles) – parses news reports from Ukrainian and Russian media, georeferences them, and classifies them into standard event categories (e
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Immigrants from more tolerant cultures integrate deeper into destination countries J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-06-17 Niclas Berggren, Martin Ljunge, Therese Nilsson
We highlight a new factor behind integration: tolerance in the immigrants’ background culture. We hypothesize that it is easier to partake of economic, civic-political and social life in a new country for a person stemming from a culture that embodies tolerance towards people who are different. We test this by applying the epidemiological method, using a tolerance index based on two indicators from
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Labor markets during war time: Evidence from online job advertisements J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-06-17 Tho Pham, Oleksandr Talavera, Zhuangchen Wu
This study examines the short- and medium-term impacts of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war on the labor market for Ukrainian workers. Using a unique dataset of 5.4 million online job advertisements for Ukrainian job seekers in Poland and Ukraine over the 2021–2022 period, we show a short-term surge in demand for Ukrainians to work in Poland, while the number of jobs available in Ukraine is relatively
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The economic effects of international sanctions: An event study J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-06-12 Jerg Gutmann, Matthias Neuenkirch, Florian Neumeier
Although international sanctions are a widely used instrument of coercion, their economic effects are still not well-understood. This study uses a novel dataset and an event study approach to evaluate the economic consequences of international sanctions, thereby visualizing pre-treatment and treatment dynamics in countries subject to sanctions. Our analysis focuses on the effects of sanctions on GDP
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Short-run multiplier effects of military expenditures in NATO's Eastern Flank countries in 1999–2021 J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-06-10 Łukasz Wiktor Olejnik
Using a newly created dataset of detailed and disaggregated military expenditures, this paper studies the impact of military expenditures on GDP changes in nine Central and Eastern European countries in 1999–2021. The cumulative fiscal multipliers of military expenditures estimated using the Local Projections method take values 0.6 on impact, 1.5–1.6 in the second and in the third year after shock
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The economics of extortion: Theory and the case of the Sicilian Mafia J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-06-05 Luigi Balletta, Andrea Mario Lavezzi
This paper studies extortion of firms operating in legal sectors by a profit-maximizing criminal organization. We develop a simple taxation model under asymmetric information to find the Mafia optimal extortion as a function of firms’ observable characteristics, namely size and sector. We test the predictions of the model on a unique dataset on extortion in Sicily, the Italian region where the Sicilian
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Catholics, Protestants and Muslims: Similar work ethics, different social and political ethics J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-05-22 Miguel Abellán
This paper employs data from the World Values Survey (1995–2020) and the European Values Study (1999–2020) to test three hypotheses on attitudinal differences between Catholics, Protestants and Muslims: (1) the work ethic hypothesis, which covers attitudes towards work and some fundamental characteristics of the market economy; (2) the social ethic hypothesis, which concerns interpersonal trust, ethical
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The impact of educated leaders on economic development: Evidence from India J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-05-20 Chandan Jain, Shagun Kashyap, Rahul Lahoti, Soham Sahoo
Although formal education is often considered an indicator of political leaders’ quality, the evidence on the effectiveness of educated leaders is mixed. Besides, minimum education qualifications are increasingly being used as requirements for contesting elections, making it critical to understand the role of politicians’ education in their performance. This study investigates the impact of electing
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Past exposure to macroeconomic shocks and populist attitudes in Europe J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Despina Gavresi, Anastasia Litina
This paper explores the interplay between past exposure to macroeconomic shocks and populist attitudes. We document that individuals who experienced a macroeconomic shock during their impressionable years (between 18 and 25 years of age), are currently more prone to voting for populist parties, and manifest lower trust both in national and European institutions. We use data for EU countries from the
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Societal diversity, group identities and their implications for tax morale J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Fabian ten Kate, Mariko J. Klasing, Petros Milionis
We study how the tax morale of individuals is influenced by societal diversity in their place of residence. Using data from the World Value Survey, we compare the effects that diversity has on self-reported measures of tax morale at the national, sub-national and individual level. We show first that, both across countries and within countries across sub-national regions, greater diversity is associated
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Firms’ access to finance in resource-based countries and the financial resource curse J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-05-13 Olivier Damette, Sandrine Kablan, Clément Mathonnat
Using a panel of more than 156 000 firms surveyed in 140 countries over the 2003–2019 period, this paper addresses the issue of the financial resource curse through a new channel that thus far has not been accounted for in the literature, namely, firms’ access to finance. To do this, our econometric analysis is based on an original approach combining microeconomic level data on firms’ access to finance
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Did raising doing business scores boost GDP? J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-05-13 Tamanna Adhikari, Karl Whelan
We use the time series variation in the World Bank’s “distance to frontier” estimates of the ease of doing business to assess the effects of changes in this variable on real GDP per capita. The use of Vector Autoregression techniques allows us to identify shocks to the Doing Business scores that are initially uncorrelated with GDP, thus addressing an important endogeneity problem that affects the cross-sectional
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Demilitarization and economic growth: Empirical evidence in support of a peace dividend J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-04-18 Anthony A. Mayberry
This paper analyzes the implications of demilitarization on economic growth. I create a new data set of military transitions since 1960 and measure the effect of demilitarization in countries that reduced their military capabilities and subsided aggressive or violent behavior. Semiparametric difference-in-difference estimates predict that on average, demilitarization is associated with a 1% higher
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Effects of public sector wages on corruption: Wage inequality matters J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-04-08 Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, Michael Lokshin, Vladimir Kolchin
The paper uses a new country-level, panel data set to study the effect of public sector wages on corruption. The results show that wage inequality in the public sector is an important determinant of the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies. Increasing the wages of public officials could help reduce corruption in countries with low public sector wage inequality. In countries where public sector
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Staying on top: Political cycles in private bank lending J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-04-04 Zuzana Fungáčová, Koen Schoors, Laura Solanko, Laurent Weill
The incentives for state-owned banks to boost lending before elections in order to improve the re-election odds of incumbent politicians are well recognized. We hypothesize that political influence on lending behavior in electoral autocracies extends to all banks, irrespective of ownership or political connections. Employing monthly data on individual banks, we consider the lending behavior of Russian
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A rising tide that lifts all boats: An analysis of economic freedom and inequality using matching methods J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-03-27 Justin T. Callais, Andrew T. Young
The cross-country relationship between economic freedom and inequality is explored using matching methods. This approach addresses selection bias and endogeneity generally better than extant studies. Meaningful increases in the Fraser Institute's Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) index are related to changes in (i) decile income shares, (ii) decile income levels, and (iii) Gini coefficients. Increased
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Maternity support and child health: Unintended gendered effects J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-03-21 Aishwarya Kekre, Kanika Mahajan
This paper evaluates a maternity support conditional cash transfer (CCT) scheme, launched in October 2011, on short and long-run health outcomes of children in India. We estimate intent-to-treat effects of the program by exploiting a natural experiment arising from select geographical implementation and the eligibility of program benefits for first/second born children using the National Family Health
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Is property driving income distribution? – An analysis of the linkage between income and wealth in Finland, France and Spain J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-03-16 Ilja Kristian Kavonius, Veli-Matti Törmälehto
In this article, the link between financial wealth and pre-tax household income distribution is scrutinised for three European countries using a conceptually fully consistent macro framework. First, national balance sheets are combined with the related income flows. After this, income flows that are not property income but that are considered part of national income (e.g., wages and salaries) are added
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Rethinking fiscal rules J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-03-10 Luis Carranza-Ugarte, Julián Díaz-Saavedra, Jose Enrique Galdon-Sanchez
The Covid 19 pandemic has caused both a decrease in tax revenues and an increase in public spending, forcing governments to increase fiscal deficits to unprecedented levels. Given these circumstances, it is foreseeable that fiscal rules will play a predominant role in the design of many countries’ recovery policies. We develop a general equilibrium, overlapping generations model for a small, open economy
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State formation and market integration: Germany, 1780–1830 J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-03-03 Hakon Albers, Ulrich Pfister
The rise of modern states is an important factor for economic development. We test the effects of territorial consolidation and the increase in legal capacity on market integration. The political transformation of Germany in the wake of the Napoleonic Wars, which reduced territorial fragmentation and transformed former semi-autonomous estates to sovereign polities, serves as a natural experiment. We
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Rebundling Institutions: How property rights and contracting institutions combine for growth J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Katja Kalkschmied
This study provides empirical evidence for the joint workings of property rights and contracting institutions as fundamental causes of growth. In a two-step panel estimation procedure that uses data from 130 countries over the period 2005–2015, I find that the income effects of legal reforms in property rights institutions vary with the prevalent quality of legal contracting institutions and vice versa
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Topography, borders, and trade across Europe J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-02-24 Richard Frensch, Jarko Fidrmuc, Michael Rindler
We create a novel data set on the European river network and for the ruggedness of trade routes between European countries and integrate these new indicators into recently developed structural gravity models. Moreover, we propose a new approach how to differentiate between contemporaneous and historical trade costs. Applying two-stage structural gravity estimations, we assess the impact of topography
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Changes to JCE's board of associate editors J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Ruben Enikolopov, Timur Kuran, Hongbin Li
Abstract not available
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The effects of South Korean Protestantism on human capital and female empowerment, 1930–2010 J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 Yutaro Izumi, Sangyoon Park, Hyunjoo Yang
We examine the short- and long-run effects of historical Protestant churches on human capital and female empowerment in South Korea by combining historical data on religious facilities and contemporary population census and social survey data. In the short run, we find a positive and significant effect of Protestant churches on women’s literacy and employment, but not on men’s. After almost a century
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Intangible capital, the labour share and national ‘growth regimes’ J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-02-07 Aida Garcia-Lazaro, Nick Pearce
This paper examines how far an increase in the intangible capital-to-output ratio contributes to changes in labour share. We focus on a selection of OECD countries using industry-level data from 1995 to 2017. We show that the relationship between intangible capital and labour share is heterogeneous, and whether it is positive or negative depends on the types of intangibles and the growth regime of
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When the message hurts: The unintended impacts of nudges on saving J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Alin Marius Andrieş, Sarah Walker
We implement a field experiment in Romania to elucidate how informational nudges and goal setting impact saving. We find no evidence that text message reminders, either in the form of a general reminder or information about the saving goals of peers, encourage saving. Further, both types of messages discourage saving for participants who set a goal, particularly among high goal setters. We posit that
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Wage and Employment Impact of Minimum Wage: Evidence from Lithuania J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-01-12 Jose Garcia-Louzao, Linas Tarasonis
This paper evaluates the worker-level effects of a historically large and permanent increase in the minimum wage in Lithuania. Our identification strategy leverages variation in workers’ exposure to the new minimum wage, and exploits the fact that there has been no increase in the minimum wage in previous years, to account for heterogeneous labor market prospects of low-wage workers relative to high-wage
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Leaping into the dark: A model of policy gambles J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2023-01-05 Kartik Anand, Prasanna Gai, Philipp J. König
We examine why rational voters support risky “policy gambles” over a safe status quo, even when such policies are detrimental to welfare. In a model of electoral competition, investors finance domestic projects in exchange for a stake in future output, while voters receive the remaining output. Government policy influences the riskiness of projects’ output. However, when investors invest, the incumbent
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Labor market hardships and preferences for public sector employment and employers: Evidence from Russia J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2022-12-29 Olivia Jin, William Pyle
A growing literature connects labor market hardships to stronger preferences for government welfare and redistribution programs. Potential preference shifts with respect to other types of state involvement in the economy, however, have gone unexplored. We draw on both longitudinal and pseudo-panel data from Russia to explore how labor market hardships relate to preferences for public sector employment
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The effects of discriminatory protections on cross-border mergers and acquisitions J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2022-12-19 Haoyuan Ding, Haichao Fan, Chang Li, Larry D. Qiu
Institutionalized discrimination between foreign and domestic investors exists in many countries. We examine the differential effects of foreign investor protection (FIP) and domestic investor protection (DIP) on cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). To guide our empirical analysis, we first present a model in which, when faced with differentiated FIP and DIP, a firm chooses between investing
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Do non-cognitive skills matter for alcohol consumption? Evidence from Russia J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2022-12-09 Ksenia Rozhkova, Sergey Roshchin, Yana Roshchina
Economic and sociological research that touches upon the determinants of alcohol consumption is mostly centered on the traditional factors of human capital (e.g., education). While much attention is given to education as a valid instrument to reduce alcohol misuse, less is given to the impact of non-cognitive skills. Data are collected from a nationally representative Russian panel survey, 2016–2018
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The roots of female emancipation: Initializing role of Cool Water J. Comp. Econ. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2022-11-24 Manuel Santos Silva, Amy C. Alexander, Stephan Klasen, Christian Welzel
The Cool Water condition is a climatic configuration that combines periodically frosty winters with mildly warm summers under the ubiquitous accessibility of fresh water. Historically, it embodied opportunity endowments that weakened fertility pressures, resulting in household formation patterns that empowered women and reduced gender inequality. Reviewing the literature on the deep historic roots