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Enhancing Transmission Line Safety: Real-Time Detection of Foreign Objects Using MFMAM-YOLO Algorithm IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Chao Ji, Guoyan Chen, Xinbo Huang, Xinghai Jia, Fan Zhang, Zhiwei Song, Yongcan Zhu
Image online monitoring technology has been widely used in transmission line inspection, but intelligent and efficient foreign object detection still has a gap with the ideal. The focus of this study is to develop an advanced system using the Multi-Fusion Mixed Attention Module-You Only Look Once (MFMAM-YOLO) algorithm for real-time detection of foreign objects on transmission lines. The main objective
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Experimental Test of Ground Settlement Measurement Using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing Technology IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Jing Wang, Dongtao Hu, Li Wu
In foundation pit engineering, tunnel engineering, road construction and other engineering construction, measuring of settlement of ground surface is an essential operation. Compared with other measurement methods, distributed fiber optic sensing technology has intrinsic advantages such as high precision and low cost, making it an ideal method of ground settlement measurement that is widely used. However
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Vision-Based Accident Anticipation and Detection Using Deep Learning IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Ayush Verma, Manju Khari
Traffic accidents are one of the significant causes of injury, death, hospitalization and disability. The Road Traffic Injuries Report 2021 by the World Health Organization (WHO) reflects that globally every year, 1.20 million lives are lost as a consequence of road traffic accidents. In addition, between 20 and 40 million more commuters suffer nonlethal wounds, with many sustaining disabilities due
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Real-Time Recognition of the User's Arm Gestures in 2D Space with a Smart Camera IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Naji Guedri, Rached Gharbi
Gesture control technology is one of the most important technologies introduced today to facilitate human-machine communication. In this article, we propose a Smart Camera One (SCO) to remotely monitor a user's arm movements in order to control a machine. Therefore, its main role is to act as an intermediary between the user and the machine to facilitate communication. This instrument technology can
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Using a Single Sky Quality Meter for Simplified Light Pollution Changes Analysis Across a Big City IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Krzysztof Skarżyński, Maciej Lach
Light pollution involves introducing a large amount of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range (from 380 nm to 760 nm) into the Earth's atmosphere. Its source is all electric lighting installations and applications, such as internal and external lighting or automotive lighting. This phenomenon causes significant adverse effects for the entire environment, e.g., skyglow, limiting the visibility
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Research on Atmospheric Turbulence Observation by LiDAR Based on Imaging Detection Technology IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Duoyang Qiu, Hao Yang, Xiang Xu, Yalin Hu, Zhiyuan Fang
Atmospheric turbulence is an important parameter of laser propagation in the atmosphere. This paper reports the self-developed scanning DIM-LiDAR system. Through the research on spot image processing technology and range gated imaging technology involved in the detection of atmospheric turbulence by LiDAR, the limb scanning detection algorithm is proposed, which can effectively detect atmospheric turbulence
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Application of the Measurement Method of Building Surface Cracks Based on Image Processing Technology IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Zhenzhou Wang
Building cracks are very common in building problems, and the safety accidents caused by cracks are even more numerous. The impact of building cracks on human life is so great that it has received widespread attention. Therefore, building surface cracks (BSC) have very practical significance for building safety. Although there are many kinds of traditional methods for measuring cracks on the surface
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Design, Development and Analysis of an Image Processing Based Advanced System for Testing, Calibration and Type Approval of Blood Pressure Devices IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Rahul Kumar, P. K. Dubey, Afaqul Zafer, Ashok Kumar, Sanjay Yadav
Blood Pressure (BP) is an important parameter used for the diagnosis of heart attack, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, hypertension, Ischemic strokes, and hypotension. There are various types of BP measuring devices/instruments available in the market, but the precision and accuracy of these devices is still a debatable issue. To address this challenge, an automatic system has been developed
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Editorial IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Melanie Po-Leen Ooi
We are excited to bring you this Special Issue, where we have selected a set of 10 articles covering the most topical application areas in our field - infrastructure, environment, automation, and healthcare.
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Instrumentation and Measurements of Magnetic Coil Schumann Resonance Receivers IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Giorgos Tatsis, Vasilis Christofilakis, George Baldoumas, Panos Kostarakis
Schumann resonances (SR) are the result of global lightning activity and occur in the waveguide between the Earth and the ionosphere. SR appear in the extremely low frequency (ELF) region of the spectrum, presenting peaks from 8 to 45 Hz. The electromagnetic field caused by this phenomenon consists of two components: the electric field component, which is vertical; and the magnetic field component
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A Method of Robot Picking Citrus Based on 3D Detection IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Xu Xiao, Yiming Jiang, Yaonan Wang
It is important to monitor the maturity of citrus fruits during the growth period by using deep learning to implement visual detection technology to identify their state of ripeness in their natural environment. The problem is that the ripeness of citrus fruits is mainly judged manually, and there is a lack of fast and accurate automatic detection methods for citrus fruit ripeness. In this study, the
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UV-Ozone Chamber Assembled for Treatment and Contact Angle Reduction on PET Surfaces IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Havena Louise Pavan, Juscelino Valter Barbosas, Andreia Gerniski Macedo, Marco Aurélio Toledo da Silva, Carlos Eduardo Cava
A low-cost UV-Ozone chamber showed promising results for improving adhesion on PET substrates. Exposure times and temperatures were applied, revealing that with 2 hours of exposure, the transmittance remained intact, and the contact angle was reduced by 30°. This process makes the PET substrate change from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, favoring the deposition of water-based materials. It was also proven
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Non-Contact Liquid Level Measurement Using the Talbot Effect and Adaptive Photodetectors IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Ponciano Rodríguez-Montero, David Sáncnez-de-le-Lleve
Measuring liquid levels inside containers is a crucial task in various industrial and scientific processes. Numerous methods have been proposed for this purpose, with some of the most widely used methods relying on capacitive [1], electromagnetic [2], acoustic [3], and ultrasound phenomena [4], as well as optical fibers [5]. However, many of these methods require the transducers or sensors to be attached
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Evaluation of a Low-Cost and Accessible Approach for Noninvasive Real-Time Blood Oxygen Saturation Measurement Using Video Images IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Alessandra de Fatima Galvão Rosa, Stenio Fragoso Perdigão
Oxygen is an essential element for human survival, as it is the primary “fuel” for cells in our body. Thus, maintaining a safe level of oxygen in the blood-stream is crucial. Medical professionals refer to the lack of oxygen in the blood as hypoxemia. Severe episodes of hypoxemia can arise from cardiac arrest, suffocation, or drowning and can cause loss of consciousness, rapid organ failure, and death
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Please Send All “New Products” Information to IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Robert M. Goldberg
Liquid Instruments has announced new upgrades for Moku:Pro, Moku:Lab, and Moku:Go devices. Their latest software release has significantly increased the capabilities of Multi-instrument Mode with distinct windows that allow simultaneous interactivity with multiple software-defined instruments. Moku Version 3.1 also brings the Logic Analyzer to Moku:Pro and Moku:Lab, standardizing the number of available
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An Improved Method to Measure, Characterize, and Model Microstrip Antennas in the W Band IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Roberto S. Murphy-Arteaga, Edgar Colín-Beltrán, María T. Serrano-Serrano, Chudy Nwachukwu, Svetlana C. Sejas-García, Reydezel Torres-Torres
The rapid evolution of wireless technology demands an ever-growing number of connected devices, and hence, a greater availability of antennas for a gamut of applications in different frequency ranges [1]–[3]. The size, materials, and geometry of antennas, however, depend on the application as well as on important considerations, including resonant frequency, bandwidth, gain, efficiency, shape of the
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Unbreakable Biometrics: How Physical Unclonable Functions are Revolutionizing Security IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Juan Carlos Bernal-Romero, Juan Manuel Ramírez-Cortés, José de Jesús Rangel-Magdaleno
Nowadays, technological advancements have pushed the growth of cyber-physical ecosystems through wearable and smart devices in the interoperability of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and information technology. All these IoT devices are designed to launch multiple services or applications that require identity management systems, i.e., user access control systems for services, applications
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Design and Development of Electronic Devices for Assessing Correct Use of Respirator Masks at Workplaces IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 David Ponce, Eduardo Toledo
Silicosis is a type of pneumoconiosis caused by repeated inhalation of silica dust, leading to pulmonary fibrosis and bronchial problems. It is also a progressive and irreversible disease, causing temporary or permanent leaves from work, and a predisposing factor for lung cancer, tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [1], [2]. The main preventive measure is worker education by employers
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Proposal of New Load Cells Based on Shoe Cleats to Measure Forces and Moments Applied by a Cyclist IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Matheus Araújo, Alexandre Balbinot, Fernando Weimer, Luciano Salerno
In recent years, cycling has become increasingly pointed out as one of the solutions for solving transportation problems in major metropolitan clusters. Thus, as the user base increases, there is also an increase in the number of adopters concerned about optimizing their effort during pedaling. This work, therefore, sought to develop a load cell that replaces commercial cycling shoe cleats. The transducer
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Development of an Energy-Efficient and Highly Sensitive Thermal Microsensor for Measuring Flow Rates of Fluids IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Diego Fernando Valencia-Grisales, Claudia Reyes-Betanzo
A calorimetric-based thermal sensor is precisely designed to measure volumetric flow rates in water, air, and nitrogen. Extensive simulations of the sensor's performance are conducted using COMSOL Multi-physics® software. In order to validate the simulation results, a comprehensive comparative analysis is carried out, utilizing the well-established one-dimensional model proposed by Nguyen and Dötzel
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Determination of the Calibration Interval of Measuring Instruments: Which Method Should I Use? IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Valquiria Kopke, Samanta Cardozo Mourão, Monique Brito
The calibration of measuring instruments provides and maintains the appropriate level of metrological reliability of measurement processes. Calibration is carried out periodically and at certain time intervals. The definition of adequate calibration intervals is a challenge for companies, as a very strict calibration schedule can lead to overcalibrations and increasing costs. Conversely, adopting a
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Emerging Vision Technology: SPI Camera an Overview IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Carlos Osorio Quero, Daniel Durini, José de Jesús Rangel-Magdaleno, José Martinez-Carranza, Rubén Ramos-Garcia
Emerging vision technology, particularly Single-Pixel Imaging (SPI) cameras, has garnered significant attention in recent years. This work provides an overview of the advancements and applications of this innovative imaging technique. SPI utilizes improved reconstruction algorithms, enabling the reconstruction of images from compressed measurements obtained using a single detector element. The miniaturization
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In Memoriam: Reta Lynn Wehmeier (1958–2024) IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18
It is with great sadness and sorrow that we inform you of the passing of our dear friend and colleague, Ms. Reta L. Wehmeier. Reta was a tremendous contributor to the IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement (TIM) and the IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurements (OJIM). She started her journey with the Instrumentation and Measurement (I&M) Society as the junior editorial assistant
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I&M Around the World: Highlighting IEEE Region 9 IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Yuri Catunda, Helena Ramos, Juan Manuel Ramirez
In 2016, the IMS AdCom and the editorial board of the Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine decided to dedicate a special issue each year to a specific IEEE Region. Over these years, we have testified with great satisfaction the value of that decision. These special issues have been a valuable means of disseminating research work carried out in the instrumentation and measurement (I&M) areas across
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The Bordeaux student branch BEE week: Bordeaux, France Nov. 15-17, 2017 IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Daniel Pasquet
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Instrumentation and Measurement Systems: Ecosystems—Insights from NDT and Eddy Current Testing IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Darko Vasić, Vedran Bilas
In this column we explore the concept of the instrumentation ecosystem, a dynamic interconnected environment where stakeholders collectively advance education, research, design, technology, usage, and regulation of instrumentation systems. Using non-destructive testing (NDT), with a specific focus on eddy current testing (ECT) as an illustrative case, we unravel the pivotal roles played by the key
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Education in I&M: New Insights in Remote Teaching and Learning of Instrumentation and Measurement: The iHomeX Remote Lab Project IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Sabrina Grassini, Luca Lombardo
Nowadays, thanks to the recent developments both in pedagogy and information and communication technologies, new ideas have made their way into the design and development of educational methodologies. From one side, pedagogy focused the attention on all of the variables which interact in the teaching and learning process, when teachers and learners work toward their goals and incorporate new knowledge
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Editorial IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Melanie Po-Leen Ooi
Dear Readers, I am deeply honored and excited to address you for the first time as the new Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine. It is with great humility and enthusiasm that I step into this role, entrusted with the responsibility of guiding the editorial direction of this publication. I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to our out-going
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From the Society IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Max Cortner
The administrative committee of your Instrumentation and Measurement Society (IMS) has diligently pushed through the struggles of COVID-19 and proven our ability to adapt. We are a global Society with members from every continent except Antarctica, so we cannot ignore global events and their effects on our members. Our vision, to “Be the premier international professional Society in the Instrumentation
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Fundamentals of Measurement: Measurement: Designing the Acquisition of Knowledge IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Luca Mari, Dario Petri
This paper is devoted to introduce measurement as a process aimed at producing knowledge according to an explicitly designed procedure, supported by explicitly designed and suitably operated devices. Some subjects of the paper are: the functional structure of a measurement process, the role that measuring systems have in such a process, as either comparators or transducers, and the related direct synchronous
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Measurement and Applications: Electrochemical Sensors and Instruments: Main Characteristics and Applications IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 José Dias Pereira, João Monge, Octavian Postolache
An electrochemical sensor is a device capable of providing analytical information about a sample, transforming the information associated with an electrochemical reaction into a signal that can be quantified. An electrochemical sensor is generally made up of three electrodes: a reference electrode that keeps the potential stable; a counter electrode that establishes a connection with the electrolyte
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Women Inengineering: Women Change the World IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Ferdinanda Ponci
The attention given to gender and more broadly to diversity, equity and inclusion is very high within IEEE and the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society (IMS). Women play key roles at all scales, whether we are talking about world sustainability, the advancement of the science and engineering profession, or the objectives of the IMS. Here is a short look together across these several areas.
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Two-Dimensional Visible Synchrotron Radiation Interferometry for Measuring Transverse Beam-Profile at HLS-II IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Sanshuang Jin, Yunkun Zhao, Ruizhe Wu, Fangfang Wu, Tianyu Zhou, Baogen Sun, Jigang Wang
Accurate measurement of the transverse beam-profile is critical to analyzing the performance of the electron storage ring light sources. In this paper, a two-dimensional interferometer using the spatial coherence of the synchrotron radiation is developed to measure the transverse beam-profile of Hefei Light Source-II (HLS-II). On the B7 beamline, the transverse beam-profile of this light source point
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Bridge Vibration Analysis Using Fiber-Optic Bragg Sensors with an Inclined Grid IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Aliya Kalizhanova, Murat Kunelbayev, Ainur Kozbakova
The article presents a method for identifying and analyzing the selected dynamic characteristics of deformation of a bridge structure using fiberoptic Bragg sensors with an inclined lattice. This paper describes the basic principle of operation of sensors based on a fiber Bragg lattice. Vibration modes were also determined using time series analysis with a high sampling rate. With the help of appropriate
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Detection and Tracking of Moving Objects Using a Roadside LiDAR System IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Mauro D'Arco, Luigi Fratelli, Giuseppe Graber, Martina Guerritore
Monitoring vehicles and pedestrians in urban environments, as required in autonomous/assisted driving, smart crossing, and traffic surveillance, can be performed by means of different systems that use camera, RADAR, or LiDAR sensors. The systems based on the use of the most recent high-resolution LiDARs, characterized by high data throughputs, increase the demand for significant hardware resources
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Research on Quad-Frequency PPP-B2b Time Transfer IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Runzhi Zhang, Lan Li, Xueqing Li, Hongjiao Ma, Gongwei Xiao, Jihai Zhang
Carrier phase time transfer which is a crucial technique in universal time coordinated (UTC) calculation is implemented through precise point positioning (PPP). Since August 2020, the Beidou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has provided users with the precise satellite product which is an essential external input in the PPP implementation, named the PPP-B2b product, through three geostationary
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Medicine 4.0: When New Technologies Work with Artificial Intelligence IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Eros Pasero
The field of Instrumentation and Measurement (IM) plays a crucial role in the advancement of healthcare technologies. In this paper, we provide an introduction and overview of methodologies, technologies, and applications in the realm of IM, with a focus on telemedicine, e-health, wearable devices, and the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI). We address open problems and challenging topics
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New Products IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Robert M. Goldberg
With the all-new R&S MXO 5, Rohde & Schwarz continues to evolve its series of next-generation oscilloscopes which started with the successful R&S MXO 4 in 2022. The R&S MXO 5 is the company's first eight-channel oscilloscope. It expands upon the industry-firsts pioneered by the R&S MXO 4 and will empower engineers to tackle even more demanding design challenges.
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Measurement and Applications: Exploring the Challenges and Opportunities of Hierarchical Federated Learning in Sensor Applications IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Melanie Po-Leen Ooi, Shaleeza Sohail, Victoria Guiying Huang, Nathaniel Hudson, Matt Baughman, Omer Rana, Annika Hinze, Kyle Chard, Ryan Chard, Ian Foster, Theodoros Spyridopoulos, Harshaan Nagra
Sensor applications have become ubiquitous in modern society as the digital age continues to advance. AI-based techniques (e.g., machine learning) are effective at extracting actionable information from large amounts of data. An example would be an automated water irrigation system that uses AI-based techniques on soil quality data to decide how to best distribute water. However, these AI-based techniques
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Women Inengineering: AI and the Empowerment of Gender Equality IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Veronica Scotti
This paper aims at providing some food for thoughts related to unexpected effects of AI originated in its design, its features or even the data used to “feed” the AI itself.
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Addressing Non-Idealities and EIS Measurement: From Inspection to Implementation IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Aatha Mohin Shaikh, Rhea Patel, Madhuri Vinchurkar, Rajul Patkar, Andrea Adami, Flavio Giacomozzi, Leandro Lorenzelli, Maryam Shojaei Baghini
Gold interdigitated electrode (IDE) structure is one of the commonly-used platforms for sensing. The response of IDE-based sensors is measured in different ways, of which non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (nf-EIS) is specially used to extract the analytes impedance characteristics without redox labels. Many research projects across various disciplines need students from different
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Dual-Using AC-DC Transfer Standard for Characterization of Precision Shunt IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Valentyn Isaiev
This paper presents an approach to the ac-dc difference determination of precision current shunts by dual-using one voltage converter. It can reduce the number of intrinsic uncertainty sources due to the exclusion of one voltage converter and one voltmeter from the set of equipment. In addition, such modification in the measurement setup causes a transformation in the measurement method. Therefore
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Editorial IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Bruno Andò
Dear Readers, Here we are! It has been a wonderful experience to act as the Editor-in-Chief of this prestigious publication, Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine. I offer my warmest welcome to the next Editor-in-Chief, Prof. Melanie Ooi from The University of Waikato, New Zealand.
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From the Society IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Juan Manuel Ramirez Cortés
In this issue I would like to express our heartfelt recognition to our dear colleague Bruno Andò for his hard work and dedication as Editor-in-Chief of the Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine during his 5-year term that now concludes. During that period, we witnessed Bruno's initiatives to incorporate necessary changes in accordance with the requirements of our community, such as increasing the
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Fundamentals in Measurement: Looking Out for Number 1 IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Richard Davis
The International System of Units (SI) [1] was inaugurated in 1960, following years of discussions interrupted by world wars. At that time, a consensus did not yet exist on whether the SI unit of plane angle, the radian (symbol: rad), should be treated as a base unit with its own dimension A, independent of all other base dimensions, or as a unit derived from the meter (m). Provisionally, either interpretation
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Measurement Methodology: Blade Tip Timing: A Non-Contact Blade Vibration Measurement Method IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Haoqi Li, Shuming Wu, Zhibo Yang, Ruqiang Yan, Xuefeng Chen
Rotor blades are widely used in large turbine equipment such as aero-engines and gas turbines. The stable operation of these machines is largely dependent on the condition of the blades. In gas turbines and compressors, blade failure is mostly caused by foreign object damage (FOD), manufacturing defects and material defects. To ensure the rationality of blade design and the stability of the whole system
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Education I&M: Seeing Phase Truncation Spurs in the Output of Direct Digital Synthesizers IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Shlomo Engelberg
When making measurements, it is often important to have a signal generator that outputs accurate sine waves that can be used as inputs to the system under test. One nice, conceptually simple way to implement such an instrument is to make use of direct digital synthesis. Synthesizers that use this technique, described below, have many nice features. For example, they can switch between different frequencies
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Evaluation and Identification of Non-Line of Sight Conditions in UWB Systems IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Sławomir Romaniuk, Zdzisław Gosiewski
Lateration-based systems use distance measurements for position estimation. Since distance measurement is critical to positioning accuracy, it is necessary to ensure its quality. One of the main sources of bias error in distance measurement is caused by non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions which occur when a signal propagates through other objects or materials. NLOS measurements should be properly handled;
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New Products IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Robert M. Goldberg
Presents new products and services in the instrumentation and measurement industry.
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Fundamentals of Measurement IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Luca Callegaro
Electrical engineers and technicians face today many professional challenges, but the problem of the choice of the measurement units and their conversion is not one of those. Our colleagues working in mechanics or thermal engineering have to deal with inches and metres, gallons and litres, calories, BTUs and joules. In electricity, everything is smoother: the voltage is always measured in volt, the