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Plasma current tomography for HL-2A based on Bayesian inference Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Zijie LIU, Tianbo WANG, Muquan WU, Zhengping LUO, Shuo WANG, Tengfei SUN, Bingjia XIAO, Jiangang LI
An accurate plasma current profile has irreplaceable value for the steady-state operation of the plasma. In this study, plasma current tomography based on Bayesian inference is applied to an HL-2A device and used to reconstruct the plasma current profile. Two different Bayesian probability priors are tried, namely the Conditional AutoRegressive (CAR) prior and the Advanced Squared Exponential (ASE)
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Effect of gas components on the post-discharge temporal behavior of OH and O of a non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma driven by nanosecond voltage pulses Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Lanping WANG, Lanlan NIE, Xinpei LU
OH radicals and O atoms are two of the most important reactive species of non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma (NAPP), which plays an important role in applications such as plasma medicine. However, experimental studies on how the gas content affects the post-discharge temporal evolutions of OH and O in the noble gas ns-NAPP are very limited. In this work, the effect of the percentages of O2
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Preliminary study of the electrospray DPE peculiarities from the liquid surface in the presence of the CSWs Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Weiguo HE, 伟国 贺, Weijie HUO, 卫杰 霍, Luofeng HAN, 罗峰 韩, Kangwu ZHU, 康武 朱, Feng WANG, 锋 王, Zekun WANG and 泽坤 王
The Ultrasonic Electric Propulsion (UEP) system is a cutting-edge propulsion technology that is mostly used on platforms for small satellites (less than 10 kg). The characteristics of droplet partial emissions (DPEs) in the UEP system are investigated using a high-speed imaging technique (an ultra-high speed camera (NAC HX-6) and a long-distance microscope) in this work. The experiments demonstrate
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Improved training framework in a neural network model for disruption prediction and its application on EXL-50 Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Jianqing CAI, 剑青 蔡, Yunfeng LIANG, 云峰 梁, Alexander KNIEPS, Dongkai QI, 东凯 齐, Erhui WANG, 二辉 王, Haoming XIANG, 皓明 向, Liang LIAO, 亮 廖, Jie HUANG, 杰 黄, Jie YANG, 杰 阳, Jia HUANG, 佳 黄, Jianwen LIU, 建文 刘, Philipp DREWS, Shuai XU, 帅 徐, Xiang GU, 翔 顾, Yichen GAO, 轶琛 高, Yu LUO, 宇 罗, Zhi LI, 直 李 and the EXL-50 Team
A neural network model with a classical annotation method has been used on the EXL-50 tokamak to predict impending disruption. However, the results revealed issues of overfitting and overconfidence in predictions caused by inaccurate labeling. To mitigate these issues, an improved training framework has been proposed. In this approach, soft labels from previous training serve as teachers to supervise
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Nonlinear dynamics of the reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode in burning plasmas Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Tao WANG, 涛 王, Shizhao WEI, 士朝 魏, Sergio BRIGUGLIO, Gregorio VLAD, Fulvio ZONCA, Zhiyong QIU and 志勇 仇
In a tokamak fusion reactor operated at steady state, the equilibrium magnetic field is likely to have reversed shear in the core region, as the noninductive bootstrap current profile generally peaks off-axis. The reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode (RSAE) as a unique branch of the shear Alfvén wave in this equilibrium, can exist with a broad spectrum in wavenumber and frequency, and be resonantly driven
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Estimating the grain size of microgranular material using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Zhao ZHANG, 朝 张, Yaju LI, 亚举 李, Guanghui YANG, 光辉 杨, Qiang ZENG, 强 曾, Xiaolong LI, 小龙 李, Liangwen CHEN, 良文 陈, Dongbin QIAN, 东斌 钱, Duixiong SUN, 对兄 孙, Maogen SU, 茂根 苏, Lei YANG, 磊 杨, Shaofeng ZHANG, 少锋 张, Xinwen MA and 新文 马
Recent work has validated a new method for estimating the grain size of microgranular materials in the range of tens to hundreds of micrometers using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In this situation, a piecewise univariate model must be constructed to estimate grain size due to the complex dependence of the plasma formation environment on grain size. In the present work, we tentatively
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Efficient simultaneous removal of diesel particulate matter and hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust gas at low temperatures over Cu–CeO2/Al2O3 coupling with dielectric barrier discharge plasma Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Baoyong REN, 保勇 任, Shiyu FANG, 世玉 方, Tiantian ZHANG, 甜甜 张, Yan SUN, 燕 孙, Erhao GAO, 尔豪 高, Jing LI, 晶 李, Zuliang WU, 祖良 吴, Jiali ZHU, 佳丽 朱, Wei WANG, 伟 王, Shuiliang YAO and 水良 姚
Diesel particulate matter (DPM) and hydrocarbons (HCs) emitted from diesel engines have a negative affect on air quality and human health. Catalysts for oxidative removal of DPM and HCs are currently used universally but their low removal efficiency at low temperatures is a problem. In this study, Cu-doped CeO2 loaded on Al2O3 coupled with plasma was used to enhance low-temperature oxidation of DPM
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A study of pulsed high voltage driven hollow-cathode electron beam sources through synchronous optical trigger Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Weijie HUO, 卫杰 霍, Weiguo HE, 伟国 贺, Luofeng HAN, 罗峰 韩, Kangwu ZHU, 康武 朱, Feng WANG and 锋 王
In this study, a pulsed, high voltage driven hollow-cathode electron beam sources through an optical trigger is designed with characteristics of simple structure, low cost, and easy triggering. To validate the new design, the characteristics of hollow-cathode discharge and electron beam characterization under pulsed high voltage drive are studied experimentally and discussed by discharge characteristics
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A research on the effect of plasma spectrum collection device on LIBS spectral intensity Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Xiaomei LIN, 晓梅 林, Yanjie DONG, 艳杰 董, Jingjun LIN, 京君 林, Yutao HUANG, 玉涛 黄, Jiangfei YANG, 江飞 杨, Xingyu YUE, 星宇 岳, Zhuojia ZHANG, 倬嘉 张, Xinyang DUAN and 鑫杨 段
Only a small amount of spectral information is collected because the collection solid angle of the optical fiber probe and lens is very limited when collecting spectral information. To overcome this limitation, this study presents a novel method for acquiring plasma spectral information from various spatial directions. A parabolic-shaped plasma spectral collection device (PSCD) is employed to effectively
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Effects of spot size on the operation mode of GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch employing extrinsic photoconductivity Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Jinhong WEI, 金红 韦, Song LI, 嵩 李, Hong CHEN, 红 陈, Fanzheng ZENG, 凡正 曾, Chenglin JIA, 成林 贾, Zebin FU, 泽斌 付, Xingjun GE, 行军 葛, Baoliang QIAN and 宝良 钱
To guide the illuminating design to improve the on-state performances of gallium arsenide (GaAs) photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS), the effect of spot size on the operation mode of GaAs PCSS based on a semi-insulating wafer with a thickness of 1 mm, triggered by a 1064-nm extrinsic laser beam with the rectangular spot, has been investigated experimentally. It is found that the variation of
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Two-dimensional investigation of characteristic parameters and their gradients for the self-generated electric and magnetic fields of laser-induced zirconium plasma Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Tayyaba SAJID, Shazia BASHIR, Mahreen AKRAM, Maira RAZZAQ and Khaliq MAHMOOD
Two-dimensional diagnosis of laser-induced zirconium (Zr) plasma has been experimentally performed using the time-of-flight method by employing Faraday cups in addition to electric and magnetic probes. The characteristic parameters of laser-induced Zr plasma have been evaluated as a function of different laser irradiances ranging from 4.5 to 11.7 GW cm−2 at different axial positions of 1–4 cm with
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Effect of a negative DC bias on a capacitively coupled Ar plasma operated at different radiofrequency voltages and gas pressures Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Yaojun XIANG, 垚君 相, Xiaokun WANG, 晓坤 王, Yongxin LIU, 永新 刘, Younian WANG and 友年 王
The effect of a negative DC bias, |Vdc|, on the electrical parameters and discharge mode is investigated experimentally in a radiofrequency (RF) capacitively coupled Ar plasma operated at different RF voltage amplitudes and gas pressures. The electron density is measured using a hairpin probe and the spatio-temporal distribution of the electron-impact excitation rate is determined by phase-resolved
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Impact of T i/T e ratio on ion transport based on EAST H-mode plasmas Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Jianwen LIU, Qing ZANG, Yunfeng LIANG, Jiale CHEN, Xiaohe WU, Alexander KNIEPS, Jiahui HU, Yifei JIN, Bin ZHANG, Yuqi CHU, Haiqing LIU, Bo LYU, Yanmin DUAN, Miaohui LI, Yingjie CHEN, Xianzu GONG, the EAST Team
At the EAST tokamak, the ion temperature (T i) is observed to be clamped around 1.25 keV in electron cyclotron resonance (ECR)-heated plasmas, even at core electron temperatures up to 10 keV (depending on the ECR heating power and the plasma density). This clamping results from the lack of direct ion heating and high levels of turbulence-driven transport. Turbulent transport analysis shows that trapped
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Simulation of liquid cone formation on the tip apex of indium field emission electric propulsion thrusters Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Yiming SUN, Hanwen DENG, Xinyu LIU, Xiaoming KANG
Field emission electric propulsion (FEEP) thrusters possess excellent characteristics, such as high specific impulse, low power requirements, compact size and precise pointing capabilities, making them ideal propulsion devices for micro-nano satellites. However, the detection of certain aspects, such as the evolution process of the liquid cone and the physical quantities at the cone apex, proves challenging
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A large-scale cold plasma jet: generation mechanism and application effect Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Weisheng CUI, Ruobing ZHANG
Atmospheric pressure cold plasma jets (APCPJs) typically exhibit a slender, conical structure, which imposes limitations on their application for surface modification due to the restricted treatment area. In this paper, we introduce a novel plasma jet morphology known as the large-scale cold plasma jet (LSCPJ), characterized by the presence of both a central conical plasma jet and a peripheral trumpet-like
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A fringe jump counting method for the phase measurement in the HCN laser interferometer on EAST and its FPGA-based implementation Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Yuan YAO, Yao YANG, Ang TI, Yang SONG, Jiamin ZHANG, Yan WANG, Yao ZHANG, Haiqing LIU, Yinxian JIE
Electron density in fusion plasma is usually diagnosed using laser-aided interferometers. The phase difference signal obtained after phase demodulation is wrapped, which is also called a fringe jump. A method has been developed to unwrap the phase difference signal in real time using FPGA, specifically designed to handle fringe jumps in the hydrogen cyanide (HCN) laser interferometer on the EAST superconducting
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Study of plasma parameters of coaxial plasma source using triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup diagnostics Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Sunil KANCHI, Rohit SHUKLA, Archana SHARMA
Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CPG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes
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Effect of desorbed gas on microwave breakdown on vacuum side of dielectric window Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Pengcheng ZHAO, Zhongyu LIU, Rui WANG, Panpan SHU, Lixin GUO, Xiangxin CAO
The gas desorbed from the dielectric surface has a great influence on the characteristics of microwave breakdown on the vacuum side of the dielectric window. In this paper, the dielectric surface breakdown is described by using the electromagnetic particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) model. The process of desorption of gas and its influence on the breakdown characteristics are studied.
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Kinetic equilibrium reconstruction with internal safety factor profile constraints on EAST tokamak Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Haochen FAN, Guoqiang LI, Jinping QIAN, Xuexi ZHANG, Xiaohe WU, Yuqi CHU, Xiang ZHU, Hui LIAN, Haiqing LIU, Bo LYU, Yifei JIN, Qing ZANG, Jia HUANG
Reconstruction of plasma equilibrium plays an important role in the analysis and simulation of plasma experiments. The kinetic equilibrium reconstruction with pressure and edge current constraints has been employed on EAST tokamak. However, the internal safety factor (q) profile is not accurate. This paper proposes a new way of incorporating q profile constraints into kinetic equilibrium reconstruction
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Ion heat transport in electron cyclotron resonance heated L-mode plasma on the T-10 tokamak Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 V. A. KRUPIN, M. R. NURGALIEV, A. R. NEMETS, I. A. ZEMTSOV, S. D. SUNTSOV, T. B. MYALTON, D. S. SERGEEV, N. A. SOLOVEV, D. V. SARYCHEV, D. V. RYJAKOV, S. N. TUGARINOV, N. N. NAUMENKO
Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) in second-harmonic extra-ordinary mode. Predictive modeling with empirical scaling for Ohmical heat conductivity shows that in ECRH plasmas the calculated ion temperature could be overestimated, so an increase of anomalous ion heat transport is required. To study this effect two
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Plasma density enhancement in radio-frequency hollow electrode discharge Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Liuliang HE, Feng HE (何锋), Jiting OUYANG (欧阳吉庭)
The plasma density enhancement outside hollow electrodes in capacitively coupled radio-frequency (RF) discharges is investigated by a two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell/Monte-Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) model. Results show that plasma exists inside the cavity when the sheath inside the hollow electrode hole is fully collapsed, which is an essential condition for the plasma density enhancement outside
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Experimental results of a magnetic field modification to the radio frequency driver of a negative ion source Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Junwei XIE, Yahong XIE, Jianglong WEI, Lizhen LIANG, Xufeng PENG, Yuwen YANG, Yuming GU, Chundong HU, Yuanlai XIE
A magnetic field produced by a current flowing through the plasma grid (PG) is one of the solutions to reduce the collisional loss of negative ions in a negative ion source, which reduces the electron temperature in front of the PG. However, the magnetic field diffused into the driver has some influence on the plasma outflowing. In order to investigate the effect of changing this magnetic field on
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The influence of boundary conditions on the distribution of energetic electrons during collisionless magnetic reconnection Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Lei WANG, Can HUANG, Dongke CHEN, Zhongwei YANG, Aimin DU, Yasong GE
We conducted 2-D particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the impact of boundary conditions on the evolution of magnetic reconnection. The results demonstrate that the boundary conditions are crucial to this evolution. Specifically, in the cases of traditional periodic boundary (PB) and fully-opened boundary (OB) conditions, the evolutions are quite similar before the system achieves the fastest
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On the evolution and formation of discharge morphology in pulsed dielectric barrier discharge Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Xingyu CHEN, Mengqi LI, Weiyi WANG, Quanzhi ZHANG, Tao PENG, Zilan XIONG
The discharge morphology of pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (PDBD) plays important roles in its applications. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of the voltage amplitude, discharge gap, and O2 content on the PDBD morphology, and revealed the possible underlying mechanism of the U-shaped formation. First, the morphological evolution under different conditions was recorded. A unique
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Novel method for identifying the stages of discharge underwater based on impedance change characteristic Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Chong GAO, Zhongjian KANG, Dajian GONG, Yang ZHANG, Yufang WANG, Yiming SUN
It is difficult to determine the discharge stages in a fixed time of repetitive discharge underwater due to the arc formation process being susceptible to external environmental influences. This paper proposes a novel underwater discharge stage identification method based on the Strong Tracking Filter (STF) and impedance change characteristics. The time-varying equivalent circuit model of the discharge
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Experimental study of the effect of gas discharge on ionic liquid electrospray Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Wen SHI, Pengfei YANG, Peiyi SONG, Jian WU
Ionic liquid electrospray (ILE) in an atmospheric environment is often accompanied by the gas discharge phenomenon. It interferes with the normal operation of the electrospray and the measurement of experimental parameters. In this study, electrospray experiments were conducted on the ionic liquid EMI-BF4. The observations revealed that the operating modes of the ionic liquid depend on the voltage
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Performance of pulsed plasma thruster at low discharge energy Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Hong Chun LEE, Chie Haw LIM, Haw Jiunn WOO, Boon Tong GOH, Oi Hoong CHIN, Teck Yong TOU
As the size of satellites scales down, low-power and compact propulsion systems such as the pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) are needed for stabilizing these miniature satellites in orbit. Most PPT systems are operated at 2 J or more of discharge energy. In this work, the performance of a PPT with a side-fed, tongue-flared electrode configuration operated within a lower discharge energy range of 0.5‒2
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Single flow treatment degradation of antibiotics in water using falling-film dielectric barrier discharge Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Zhiyuan XU, Cheng ZHANG, Yunjian WU, Bangdou HUANG, Dengke XI, Xiaoxing ZHANG, Tao SHAO
The environmental contamination caused by antibiotics is increasingly conspicuous due to their widespread manufacture and misuse. Plasma has been employed in recent years for the remediation of antibiotic pollution in the environment. In this work, a falling-film dielectric barrier discharge was used to degrade the antibiotic tetracycline (TC) in water. The reactor combined the gas-liquid discharge
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Dynamic propagation velocity of a positive streamer in a 3 m air gap under lightning impulse voltage Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Zhiwei LI, Ting LEI, Yu SU, Xiuyuan YAO, Bingxue YANG, Delong LIU, Fangcheng LV, Yujian DING
Streamers represent an important stage in the initiation of gap discharge. In this work, we used an eight-frame intensified charge-coupled device camera to capture the streamer development process when a lightning impulse voltage of 95%–100% U 50% was applied in a 3 m rod–plate gap and the streamer velocity was analyzed. Analysis of the observations shows that streamer velocity can be defined by three
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The state-of-the-art of atmospheric pressure plasma for transdermal drug delivery Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Lanlan NIE, Dawei LIU, He CHENG, Feng ZHAO, Xinpei LU
Plasma-enhanced transdermal drug delivery (TDD) presents advantages over traditional methods, including painless application, minimal skin damage, and rapid recovery of permeability. To harness its clinical potential, factors related to plasma’s unique properties, such as reactive species and electric fields, must be carefully considered.This review provides a concise summary of conventional TDD methods
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First results of CO2 dispersion interferometer on EAST tokamak Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Yuyang LIU, Weiming LI, Yuan YAO, Yao ZHANG, Jiamin ZHANG, Hui LIAN, Bo HONG, Shouxin WANG, Yinxian JIE, Haiqing LIU
A dispersion interferometer (DI) has been installed and operates on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). This DI system utilizes a continuous-wave 9.3 μm CO2 laser source to measure line-averaged electron densities accurately. In contrast to conventional interferometers, the DI does not require substantial vibration isolations or compensating systems to reduce the impact of vibrations
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Reconstruction of poloidal magnetic field profiles in field-reversed configurations with machine learning in laser-driven ion-beam trace probe Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Xutao XU, Tianchao XU, Chijie XIAO, Zuyu ZHANG, Renchuan HE, Ruixin YUAN, Ping XU
The diagnostic of poloidal magnetic field ( ) in field-reversed configuration (FRC), promising for achieving efficient plasma confinement due to its high β, is a huge challenge because is small and reverses around the core region. The laser-driven ion-beam trace probe (LITP) has been proven to diagnose the profile in FRCs recently, whereas the existing iterative reconstruction approach cannot handle
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An improved TDE technique for derivation of 2D turbulence structures based on GPI data in toroidal plasma Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Weice WANG, Jun CHENG, Zhongbing SHI, Longwen YAN, Zhihui HUANG, Kaiyang YI, Na WU, Yu HE, Qian ZOU, Xi CHEN, Wen ZHANG, Jian CHEN, Lin NIE, Xiaoquan JI, Wulyu ZHONG
This paper reports an improved time-delay estimation (TDE) technique for the derivation of turbulence structures based on gas-puff imaging data. The improved TDE technique, integrating an inverse timing search and hierarchical strategy, offers superior accuracy in calculating turbulent velocity field maps and analyzing blob dynamics, which has the power to obtain the radial profiles of equilibrium
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Progress of Lyman-alpha-based beam emission spectroscopy (LyBES) diagnostic on the HL-2A tokamak Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Yixuan ZHOU, Yi YU, Min XU, Rui KE, Lin NIE, Hao XU, Guangyi ZHAO, Hao LIU, Zihao YUAN, Chenyu XIAO, Jiquan LI, Chijie XIAO, the HL-2A Team1
An edge Lyman-alpha-based beam emission spectroscopy (LyBES) diagnostic, using a heating NBI (neutral beam injection) system, is currently under development on the HL-2A tokamak. The 20-channel edge LyBES, which is intended to measure the density fluctuation in plasma edge (from R = 1960 mm to R = 2026 mm) with an improved spatial resolution of 3.3 mm, is a complement to the existing conventional beam
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Experimental study of core MHD behavior and a novel algorithm for rational surface detection based on profile reflectometry in EAST Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Kaixuan YE, Zhen ZHOU, Tao ZHANG, Jiuyang MA, Yumin WANG, Gongshun LI, Kangning GENG, Mingfu WU, Fei WEN, Jia HUANG, Yang ZHANG, Linming SHAO, Shuqi YANG, Fubin ZHONG, Shanlu GAO, Lin YU, Ziqiang ZHOU, Haoming XIANG, Xiang HAN, Shoubiao ZHANG, Guoqiang LI, Xiang GAO, the EAST Team
Microwave reflectometry is a powerful diagnostic that can measure the density profile and localized turbulence with high spatial and temporal resolution and will be used in ITER, so understanding the influence of plasma perturbations on the reflect signal is important. The characteristics of the reflect signal from profile reflectometry, the time-of-flight (TOF) signal associated with the MHD instabilities
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A dual-route optical emission spectroscopy diagnostic with wide spectral range and high wavelength resolution on HL-2A tokamak Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Yue CHEN, Jikun GAO, Ting LONG, Lin NIE, Jinming GAO, Yao MA, Yuan HUANG, Wenjing TIAN, Yanmin LIU, Xiaodong ZHU, Ge ZHUANG, Wulyu ZHONG, Min XU
A dual-route optical emission spectroscopy (D-OES) diagnostic is newly developed to monitor the optical emission from the X-point plasma region on the HL-2A tokamak. This diagnostic is composed of an imaging system, a beam-splitting system for dual-route measurements, fiber bundles, a spectrometer system, and a control and acquisition system. One route is used to obtain wide-spectral-range spectra
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Optical design of a novel near-infrared phase contrast imaging (NI-PCI) diagnostic on the HL-2A tokamak Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Hao XU, Shaobo GONG, Yi YU, Min XU, Tao LAN, Zhibin WANG, Zhongbing SHI, Lin NIE, Guangyi ZHAO, Hao LIU, Yixuan ZHOU, Zihao YUAN, Chenyu XIAO, Jian CHEN
The optical design of near-infrared phase contrast imaging (NI-PCI) diagnosis on HL-2A is introduced in this paper. This scheme benefits from the great progress of near-infrared laser technology and is a broadening of traditional phase contrast technology. This diagnostic can work as a keen tool to measure plasma wavenumber spectra by inferring string-integrated plasma density fluctuations. Design
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Design of the electron cyclotron emission diagnostic on EXL-50 spherical torus Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Yumin WANG, Qifeng XIE, Renyi TAO, Hui ZHANG, Xiaokun BO, Tiantian SUN, Xiuchun LUN, Lin CHEN, Weiqiang TAN, Dong GUO, Bihe DENG, Minsheng LIU, the EXL-50 Team
The electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostic system has been developed on the ENN spherical torus (EXL-50). The ECE system is designed to detect radiation emitted by energetic electrons, rather than conventional 1D electron temperature profile measurement, in the frequency range of 4−40 GHz. The system is composed of five subsystems, each covering a different frequency band, including the C-band
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Forward modelling of the Cotton-Mouton effect polarimetry on EAST tokamak Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Minyong SHEN, Jibo ZHANG, Yao ZHANG, Yinxian JIE, Haiqing LIU, Jinlin XIE, Weixing DING
Measurement of plasma electron density by far-infrared laser polarimetry has become a routine and indispensable tool in magnetic confinement fusion research. This article presents the design of a Cotton-Mouton polarimeter interferometer, which provides a reliable density measurement without fringe jumps. Cotton-Mouton effect on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) is studied by Stokes
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Development of a toroidal soft x-ray imaging system and application for investigating three-dimensional plasma on J-TEXT Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Chuanxu ZHAO, Jianchao LI, Xiaoqing ZHANG, Nengchao WANG, Yonghua DING, Zhoujun YANG, Zhonghe JIANG, Wei YAN, Yangbo LI, Feiyue MAO, Zhengkang REN, the J-TEXT Team
A toroidal soft x-ray imaging (T-SXRI) system has been developed to investigate three-dimensional (3D) plasma physics on J-TEXT. This T-SXRI system consists of three sets of SXR arrays. Two sets are newly developed and located on the vacuum chamber wall at toroidal positions of ° and °, respectively, while one set was established previously at °. Each set of SXR arrays consists of three arrays viewing
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Laboratory observation of electron energy distribution near three-dimensional magnetic nulls Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Renchuan HE, Tianchao XU, Xiaoyi YANG, Chijie XIAO, Zuyu ZHANG, Ruixin YUAN, Xiaogang WANG, Zhibin GUO, Xiuming YU, Yue GE
The acceleration of electrons near three-dimensional (3D) magnetic nulls is crucial to the energy conversion mechanism in the 3D magnetic reconnection process. To explore electron acceleration in a 3D magnetic null topology, we constructed a pair of 3D magnetic nulls in the PKU Plasma Test (PPT) device and observed acceleration of electrons near magnetic nulls. This study measured the plasma floating
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Development of a 2D spatial displacement estimation method for turbulence velocimetry of the gas puff imaging system on EAST Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Letian LI, Shaocheng LIU, Ning YAN, Xiaoju LIU, Xiang GAO
A gas puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic has been developed and operated on EAST since 2012, and the time-delay estimation (TDE) method is used to derive the propagation velocity of fluctuations from the two-dimensional GPI data. However, with the TDE method it is difficult to analyze the data with fast transient events, such as edge-localized mode (ELM). Consequently, a method called the spatial displacement
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A synthetic diagnostics platform for microwave imaging diagnostics in tokamaks Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Zihan LI, Shangchuan YANG, Xinhang XU, Lifu ZHANG, Chengming QU, Chengpu LI, Ge ZHUANG, Jinlin XIE
Interpreting experimental diagnostics data in tokamaks, while considering non-ideal effects, is challenging due to the complexity of plasmas. To address this challenge, a general synthetic diagnostics (GSD) platform has been established that facilitates microwave imaging reflectometry and electron cyclotron emission imaging. This platform utilizes plasma profiles as input and incorporates the finite-difference
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Observation of Doppler shift modulated by the internal kink mode using conventional reflectometry in the EAST tokamak Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Gongshun LI, Tao ZHANG, Kangning GENG, Fei WEN, Kaixuan YE, Liqing XU, Xiang ZHU, Xuexi ZHANG, Fubin ZHONG, Zhen ZHOU, Shuqi YANG, Ziqiang ZHOU, Lin YU, Ting LAN, Shouxin WANG, Ang TI, Shoubiao ZHANG, Haiqing LIU, Guoqiang LI, Xiang GAO, the EAST Team
In this paper we present a new experimental observation using a conventional reflectometry technique, poloidal correlation reflectometry (PCR), in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). The turbulence spectrum detected by the PCR system exhibits an asymmetry and induced Doppler shift during the internal kink mode (IKM) rotation phase. This Doppler shift is the target measurement
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The research progress of an E//B neutral particle analyzer Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Long MA, Yufan QU, Yuan LUO, Dehao XIE, Yanxi WANG, Shuo WANG, Guofeng QU, Peipei REN, Xiaobing LUO, Xingquan LIU, Jifeng HAN, Roy WADA, Weiping LIN, Linge ZANG, Jingjun ZHU
An // neutral particle analyzer (NPA) has been designed and is under development at Sichuan University and Southwestern Institute of Physics. The main purpose of the // NPA is to measure the distribution function of fast ions in the HL-2A/3 tokamak. The // NPA contains three main units, i.e. the stripping unit, the analyzing unit and the detection unit. A gas stripping chamber was adopted as the stripping
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Inward particle transport driven by biased endplate in a cylindrical magnetized plasma Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Yue GE, Tianchao XU, Chijie XIAO, Zhibin GUO, Xiaogang WANG, Renchuan HE, Xiaoyi YANG, Zuyu ZHANG, Ruixin YUAN
The inward particle transport is associated with the formation of peaked density profiles, which contributes to improve the fusion rate and the realization of steady-state discharge. The active control of inward particle transport is considered as one of the most critical issues of magnetic confinement fusion. Recently, it is realized preliminarily by adding a biased endplate in the Peking University
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Polarimeter–interferometer diagnostic using terahertz solid-state sources for fluctuation measurements on Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX) Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Xingkang WANG, Wenzhe MAO, Jinlin XIE, Tao LAN, Hong LI, Adi LIU, Chu ZHOU, Xiaohui WEN, Zian WEI, Jie WU, Chen CHEN, Dongkuan LIU, Xianhao RAO, Hu CAI, Jiaren WU, Peng DENG, Haiqing LIU, Weixing DING, Ge ZHUANG, Wandong LIU
A multi-channel polarimeter–interferometer has been developed on the Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX) for the study of equilibrium dynamics and internal magnetic fluctuations. A three-wave technique based on terahertz solid-state sources (~650 GHz) is applied for simultaneous measurements of electron density and Faraday rotation angle. The output power of the microwave source is 2 mW. Faraday rotation effect
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Electron density measurement by the three boundary channels of HCOOH laser interferometer on the HL-3 tokamak Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Junren MOU, Yonggao LI, Yuan LI, Zaihong WANG, Baogang DING, Haoxi WANG, Jiang YI, Zhongbing SHI
Far-infrared (FIR) interferometer is widely used to measure the electron density in the magnetically confined fusion plasma devices. A new FIR laser interferometer with a total of 13 channels (8 horizontal channels and 5 oblique channels) is under development on the HL-3 tokamak by using the formic-acid laser (HCOOH, f = 694 GHz). In order to investigate the boundary electron density activity during
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The characteristics of negative corona discharge and radio interference at different altitudes based on coaxial wire–cylinder gap Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Wangling HE, Hongyu WEI, Yinlu ZHANG, Yongcong LIU, Yunpeng LIU, Baoquan WAN, Yang ZHOU, Yanzhao WANG, Zheyuan GAN
The corona discharge from transmission lines in high-altitude areas is more severe than at lower altitudes. The radio interference caused thereby is a key factor to be considered when designing transmission lines. To study the influence of altitude on negative corona characteristics, an experimental platform comprising a movable small corona cage was established: experiments were conducted at four
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Simulation of ion cyclotron wave heating in the EXL-50U spherical tokamak based on dispersion relations Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Haojie MA, Huasheng XIE, Bo LI
This study investigates the single-pass absorption (SPA) of ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating in hydrogen plasma of the EXL-50U spherical tokamak, which is an upgraded EXL-50 device with a central solenoid and a stronger magnetic field. The reliability of the kinetic dispersion equation is confirmed by the one-dimensional full-wave code, and the applicability of Porkolab's simplified
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Experimental study on the effect of H2O and O2 on the degradation of SF6 by pulsed dielectric barrier discharge Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Yalong LI, Kun WAN, Yufei WANG, Xiaoxing ZHANG, Zhaodi YANG, Mingli FU, Ran ZHUO, Dibo WANG
SF6 has excellent insulation performance and arc extinguishing ability, and is widely used in the power industry. However, its global warming potential is about 23,500 times that of CO2, it can exist stably in the atmosphere, it is not easily degradable and is of great potential harm to the environment. Based on pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma technology, the effects of H2O and O2 on the
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Detection of Al, Mg, Ca, and Zn in copper slag by LIBS combined with calibration curve and PLSR methods Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Junwei JIA, Zhifeng LIU, Congyuan PAN, Huaqin XUE
The precise measurement of Al, Mg, Ca, and Zn composition in copper slag is crucial for effective process control of copper pyrometallurgy. In this study, a remote laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system was utilized for the spectral analysis of copper slag samples at a distance of 2.5 m. The composition of copper slag was then analyzed using both the calibration curve (CC) method and the
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Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure positive pulsating corona discharge in degradation of textile dye Reactive Blue 19 enhanced by Bi2O3 catalyst Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Milica PETROVIĆ, Dragan RADIVOJEVIĆ, Saša RANČEV, Nena VELINOV, Miloš KOSTIĆ, Danijela BOJIĆ, Aleksandar BOJIĆ
In this work, monoclinic Bi2O3 was applied for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, as a catalyst in the process of dye degradation by a non-thermal atmospheric-pressure positive pulsating corona discharge. The research focused on the interaction of the plasma-generated species and the catalyst, as well as the role of the catalyst in the degradation process. Plasma decomposition of the anthraquinone
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Characteristics of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of liquid slag Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Changyan DONG, Hongxia YU, Lanxiang SUN, Yang LI, Xiuye LIU, Ping ZHOU, Shaowen HUANG
Rapid online analysis of liquid slag is essential for optimizing the quality and energy efficiency of steel production. To investigate the key factors that affect the online measurement of refined slag using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), this study examined the effects of slag composition and temperature on the intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. The experimental temperature
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Phase field model for electric-thermal coupled discharge breakdown of polyimide nanocomposites under high frequency electrical stress Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Zhiyun HAN, Qingmin LI, Junke LI, Mengxi WANG, Hanwen REN, Liang ZOU
In contrast to conventional transformers, power electronic transformers, as an integral component of new energy power system, are often subjected to high-frequency and transient electrical stresses, leading to heightened concerns regarding insulation failures. Meanwhile, the underlying mechanism behind discharge breakdown failure and nanofiller enhancement under high-frequency electrical stress remains
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Spatial and temporal evolution of electromagnetic pulses from solid target irradiated with multi-hundred-terawatt laser pulse inside target chamber Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Qiangyou HE, Zhigang DENG, Zhimeng ZHANG, Yadong XIA, Bo ZHANG, Lingbiao MENG, Shukai HE, Hua HUANG, Lei YANG, Hongjie LIU, Wei FAN, Chen LIN, Weimin ZHOU, Tingshuai LI, Xueqing YAN
Giant electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) induced by high-power laser irradiating solid targets interfere with various experimental diagnoses and even damage equipment, so unveiling the evolution of EMPs inside the laser chamber is crucial for designing effective EMP shielding. In this work, the transmission characteristics of EMPs as a function of distances from the target chamber center (TCC) are studied
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Multi-layer phenomena in petawatt laser-driven acceleration of heavy ions Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Wanqing SU, Xiguang CAO, Chunwang MA, Yuting WANG, Guoqiang ZHANG
Laser-accelerated high-flux-intensity heavy-ion beams are important for new types of accelerators. A particle-in-cell program (Smilei) is employed to simulate the entire process of Station of Extreme Light (SEL) 100 PW laser-accelerated heavy particles using different nanoscale short targets with a thickness of 100 nm Cr, Fe, Ag, Ta, Au, Pb, Th and U, as well as 200 nm thick Al and Ca. An obvious stratification
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Characteristics of the SOL ion-to-electron temperature ratio on the J-TEXT tokamak with different plasma configurations Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Cunkai LI, Yunfeng LIANG, Zhonghe JIANG, Song ZHOU, Jiankun HUA, Jie YANG, Qinghu YANG, Alexander KNIEPS, Philipp DREWS, Xin XU, Feiyue MAO, Wei XIE, Yutong YANG, Jinlong GUO, Yangbo LI, Zhengkang REN, Zhipeng CHEN, Nengchao WANG, the J-TEXT Team
Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region, including the temperature and density of electrons and ions, is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer (SOL) and divertor plasma transport in magnetically confined fusion research. On the J-TEXT tokamak, a multi-channel retarding field analyzer (RFA) probe has been developed to study average plasma
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Final results of the first phase of the PROTO-SPHERA experiment: obtainment of the full current stable screw pinch and first evidences of the jet + torus combined plasma configuration Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Paolo MICOZZI, Franco ALLADIO, Alessandro MANCUSO, Vincenzo ZANZA, Gerarda APRUZZESE, Francesca BOMBARDA, Luca BONCAGNI, Paolo BURATTI, Francesco FILIPPI, Giuseppe GALATOLA TEKA, Francesco GIAMMANCO, Edmondo GIOVANNOZZI, Andrea GROSSO, Matteo IAFRATI, Alessandro LAMPASI, Violeta LAZIC, Simone MAGAGNINO, Simone MANNORI, Paolo MARSILI, Valerio PIERGOTTI, Giuliano ROCCHI, Alessandro SIBIO, Benedetto TILIA
In astrophysics, the boundary conditions for plasma phenomena are provided by nature and the astronomer faces the problem of understanding them from a variety of observations [Hester J J et al 1996 Astrophys. J. 456 225], on the other hand, in laboratory plasma experiments the electromagnetic boundary conditions become a major problem in the set-up of the machine that produces the plasma, an issue
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Airfoil friction drag reduction based on grid-type and super-dense array plasma actuators Plasm. Sci. tech. (IF 1.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Ziqi FANG, Haohua ZONG, Yun WU, Hua LIANG, Zhi SU
To improve the cruise flight performance of aircraft, two new configurations of plasma actuators (grid-type and super-dense array) were investigated to reduce the turbulent skin friction drag of a low-speed airfoil. The induced jet characteristics of the two actuators in quiescent air were diagnosed with high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV), and their drag reduction efficiencies were examined