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Reevaluating the Spatial Scale of Residential Segregation: Racial Change Within and Between Neighborhoods Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Daniel T. Lichter, Domenico Parisi, Shrinidhi Ambinakudige, Christian K. Scott
This study evaluates the extent to which metropolitan racial segregation occurs between neighborhoods—from tract to tract—and within neighborhoods—from block to block—and is framed theoretically by Putnam's (2007) “hunkering down” hypothesis. Analyses are based on complete-count block, tract, and metropolitan data from the last four U.S. decennial censuses. We document recent patterns of block-to-block
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Separating Scarring Effect and Selection of Early-Life Exposures With Genetic Data Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Shiro Furuya, Fengyi Zheng, Qiongshi Lu, Jason M. Fletcher
Causal life course research examining consequences of early-life exposures has largely relied on associations between early-life environments and later-life outcomes using exogenous environmental shocks. Nonetheless, even with (quasi-)randomized early-life exposures, these associations may reflect not only causation (“scarring”) but also selection (i.e., which members are included in data assessing
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Research Note: A Novel Sullivan Method Projection Framework With Application to Long COVID Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Cayley Ryan-Claytor, Ashton Verdery
Originally developed for estimating healthy life expectancy, the traditional Sullivan method continues to be a popular tool for obtaining point-in-time estimates of the population impacts of a wide range of health and social conditions. However, except in rare data-intensive cases, the method is subject to stringent stationarity assumptions, which often do not align with real-world conditions and restrict
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Birth Spacing and Parents’ Physical and Mental Health: An Analysis Using Individual and Sibling Fixed Effects Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Kieron Barclay, Martin Kolk, Øystein Kravdal
An extensive literature has examined the relationship between birth spacing and subsequent health outcomes for parents, particularly for mothers. However, this research has drawn almost exclusively on observational research designs, and almost all studies have been limited to adjusting for observable factors that could confound the relationship between birth spacing and health outcomes. In this study
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The Grandchildren of Immigrants in Western Europe: Patterns of Assimilation Among the Emerging Third Generation Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Linda Zhao, Lucas G. Drouhot
Migration scholars have long regarded the trajectory of the third generation as a critical test of assimilation; however, scholarship to date has been limited and largely focused on socioeconomic attainment. In this article, we rely on a large dataset of adolescent respondents in England, Germany, and the Netherlands to compare the second and third generations in terms of their social networks and
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Are Rural Areas Holdouts in the Second Demographic Transition? Evidence From Canada and the United States Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Shelley Clark, Matthew M. Brooks, Ann-Marie Helou, Rachel Margolis
A central premise of the first demographic transition theory is that demographic change would occur more slowly in rural than urban areas. Few studies, however, have investigated whether rural areas remain holdouts during the second demographic transition. To address this gap, this study (1) examines trends among rural and urban families in Canada and the United States over a 30-year period and (2)
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Return Migration and Fertility: French Overseas Emigrants, Returnees, and Nonmigrants at Origin and Destination Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Marine Haddad, Ariane Pailhé
Although growing research has emphasized the critical importance of studying returns for understanding various aspects of migration processes, knowledge regarding return migrants’ fertility behaviors remains limited. This study addresses this knowledge gap by comparing rates of first births and completed fertility among three groups: nonmigrants (at origin), migrants, and return migrants. Using extensive
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Research Note: New Evidence on the Motherhood Wage Penalty Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Wei-hsin Yu, Janet Chen-Lan Kuo
U.S. women's age at first birth has increased substantially. Yet, little research has considered how this changing behavior may have affected the motherhood pay penalty, or the wage decrease with a child's arrival, experienced by the current generation. Using Rounds 1–19 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), in this research note we examine shifts in hourly pay with childbirth
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U.S. Fertility in Life Course Context: A Research Note on Using Census-Held Linked Administrative Records for Geographic and Sociodemographic Subgroup Estimation Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Leslie Root, Amanda Jean Stevenson, Katie Genadek, Sara Yeatman, Stefanie Mollborn, Jane Menken
Fertility is a life course process that is strongly shaped by geographic and sociodemographic subgroup contexts. In the United States, scholars face a choice: they can situate fertility in a life course perspective using panel data, which is typically representative only at the national level; or they can attend to subnational contexts using rate schedules, which do not include information on life
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A Test of the Validity of Imputed Legal Immigration Status Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Marcelo Castillo, Alexandra Hill, Thomas Hertz
We evaluate the performance of a widely used technique for imputing the legal immigration status of U.S. immigrants in survey data—the logical imputation method. We validate this technique by implementing it in a nationally representative survey of U.S. farmworkers that includes a well-regarded measure of legal status. When using this measure as a benchmark, the imputation algorithm correctly identifies
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Grandchildren's Longevity and Their Grandfathers’ POW Trauma in the U.S. Civil War Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Dora L. Costa
I document the transmission of a grandfather's net nutritional deprivation and psychosocial stress in young adulthood across multiple generations using the grandfather's ex-prisoner of war (ex-POW) status in the U.S. Civil War (1861–1865). Using a newly created dataset, I uncover an association between a grandfather's ex-POW status and the longevity after age 45 of his sons and male-line grandsons
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The Formal Demography of Peak Population Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Joshua R. Goldstein, Thomas Cassidy
When will the human population peak? In this article, we build on classical results by Ansley Coale, who showed that when fertility declines steadily, births reach their maximum before fertility reaches replacement level, and the decline in total population size does not occur until several decades after fertility has reached that level. We extend Coale's results by modeling longevity increases, net
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Bayesian Forecasting of Mortality Rates for Small Areas Using Spatiotemporal Models Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Julius Goes
Estimation and prediction of subnational mortality rates for small areas are essential planning tools for studying health inequalities. Standard methods do not perform well when data are noisy, a typical behavior of subnational datasets. Thus, reliable estimates are difficult to obtain. I present a Bayesian hierarchical model framework for prediction of mortality rates at a small or subnational level
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Stop, in the Name of COVID! Using Social Media Data to Estimate the Effects of COVID-19-Related Travel Restrictions on Migration Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Jordan D. Klein, Ingmar Weber, Emilio Zagheni
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the International Organization for Migration has postulated that international migrant stocks fell short of their pre-pandemic projections by nearly 2 million as a result of travel restrictions. However, this decline is not testable with migration data from traditional sources. Key migration stakeholders have called for using data from alternative sources, including
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Cause-of-Death Determinants of Lifespan Inequality Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Iñaki Permanyer, Serena Vigezzi
We propose a novel decomposition approach that breaks down the levels and trends of lifespan inequality as the sum of cause-of-death contributions. The suggested method shows whether the levels and changes in lifespan inequality are attributable to the levels and changes in (1) the extent of inequality in the cause-specific age-at-death distribution (the “Inequality” component), (2) the total share
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Responses to Sexual and Gender Identity Measures in Population-Level Data by Birth Cohort: A Research Note Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Christopher A. Julian, Wendy D. Manning, Krista K. Westrick-Payne
The measurement of sexual and gender identity in the United States has been evolving to generate more precise demographic estimates of the population and a better understanding of health and well-being. Younger cohorts of sexual- and gender-diverse adults are endorsing identities outside of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) labels. Current population-level surveys often include a category
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Excess All-Cause Mortality in the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Thomas B. Foster, Leticia Fernandez, Sonya R. Porter, Nikolas Pharris-Ciurej
Research on the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has consistently found disproportionately high mortality among ethnoracial minorities, but reports differ with respect to the magnitude of mortality disparities and reach different conclusions regarding which groups were most impacted. We suggest that these variations stem from differences in the temporal scope of the mortality data used and difficulties
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Who Cares? Unpaid Caregiving by Sexual Identity, Gender, and Partnership Status Among U.S. Adults Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Zhe (Meredith) Zhang, Madeline Smith-Johnson, Bridget K. Gorman
Recent scholarship indicates that sexual minority adults have higher caregiving rates than heterosexuals and that women are more likely to be caregivers than men. However, little research has addressed how gender and sexuality intersect in shaping caregiving status. This study uses data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and aggregates a probability-based sample of adults living in
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Partnership Status, Health, and Mortality: Selection or Protection? Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Hill Kulu, Júlia Mikolai, Sebastian Franke
Married individuals have better health and lower mortality than nonmarried people. Studies show that when cohabitants are distinguished from other nonmarried groups, health differences between partnered and nonpartnered individuals become even more pronounced. Some researchers have argued that partnered individuals have better health and lower mortality because a partnership offers protective effects
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Sunny-Day Flooding and Mortality Risk in Coastal Florida Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Valerie Mueller, Mathew Hauer, Glenn Sheriff
Sea-level rise is likely to worsen the impacts of hurricanes, storm surges, and tidal flooding on coastal access to basic services. We investigate the historical impact of tidal flooding on mortality rates of the elderly population in coastal Florida using administrative records of individual deaths, demographics, and residential location combined with tidal gauge and high-resolution elevation data
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Adult Children of the Prison Boom: Family Troubles and the Intergenerational Transmission of Criminal Justice Contact Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Christopher Wildeman, Robert J. Sampson, Garrett Baker
Intergenerational transmission processes have long been of interest to demographers, but prior research on the intergenerational transmission of criminal justice contact is relatively sparse and limited by its lack of attention to the correlated “family troubles” and familial incarceration that predate criminal justice contact. In this article, we provide a test of the intergenerational transmission
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Defining and Identifying Only Children: A Research Note on the Concept and Measurement Illustrated With UK Survey Data Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Jenny Chanfreau, Alice Goisis
Despite increasing interest in the circumstances and outcomes of only children in the demographic literature, the conceptualization of this group has received limited scholarly attention. This research note argues for greater engagement by demographers and social scientists in the conceptualization and identification of only children by addressing three aims. First, we outline potential definitions
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Understanding Household Dynamics From the Ground Up: A Longitudinal Study From a Rural South African Setting Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Shao-Tzu Yu, Brian Houle, Enid Schatz, Nicole Angotti, Chodziwadziwa W. Kabudula, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Samuel J. Clark, Jane Menken, Sanyu A. Mojola
Investigations into household structure in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) provide important insight into how families manage domestic life in response to resource allocation and caregiving needs during periods of rapid sociopolitical and health-related challenges. Recent evidence on household structure in many LMICs contrasts with long-standing viewpoints of worldwide convergence to a Western
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Dust to Feed, Dust to Gray: The Effect of in Utero Exposure to the Dust Bowl on Old-Age Longevity Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Hamid Noghanibehambari, Jason Fletcher
Intensive agriculture and deep plowing caused topsoil erosion and dust storms during the 1930s, affecting agricultural income and land values for years. Given the growing literature on the relevance of in utero and early-life exposures, it is surprising that studies focusing on links between the Dust Bowl and later-life health have produced inconclusive and mixed results. We reevaluate this literature
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How Parental Incarceration Shapes the Timing and Structure of Fertility for Children of Incarcerated Parents Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Erin J. McCauley
The timing and structure of fertility have important implications for individuals and society. Families play a critical role in fertility; however, little is known about how parental incarceration shapes fertility despite it being a common experience in the life course of disadvantaged children. This study examines the consequences of parental incarceration for children's fertility using the National
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Research Note Showing That the Rural Mortality Penalty Varies by Region, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States, 1999–2016 Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Danielle Rhubart, Alexis Santos
This research note presents a new perspective on the rural mortality penalty in the United States. While previous work has documented a growing rural mortality penalty, there has been a lack of attention to heterogeneity in trends at the intersection of region, race, and ethnicity. We use age-adjusted mortality rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to examine the rural mortality
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Evaluating the Accuracy of 2020 Census Block-Level Estimates in California Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Robert Bozick, Lane F. Burgette, Ethan Sharygin, Regina A. Shih, Beverly Weidmer, Michael Tzen, Aaron Kofner, Jennie E. Brand, Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez
In this study, we provide an assessment of data accuracy from the 2020 Census. We compare block-level population totals from a sample of 173 census blocks in California across three sources: (1) the 2020 Census, which has been infused with error to protect respondent confidentiality; (2) the California Neighborhoods Count, the first independent enumeration survey of census blocks; and (3) projections
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Growth in Suicide Rates Among Children During the Illicit Opioid Crisis Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 David Powell
This article documents child suicide rates from 1980 to 2020 in the United States using the National Vital Statistics System Multiple Cause of Death database. After generally declining for decades, suicide rates among children aged 10–17 accelerated from 2011 to 2018 in an unprecedented rise in both duration and magnitude. I consider the role of the illicit opioid crisis in driving this mental health
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Patterns and Life Course Determinants of Black–White Disparities in Biological Age Acceleration: A Decomposition Analysis Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Courtney E. Boen, Y. Claire Yang, Allison E. Aiello, Alexis C. Dennis, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Dayoon Kwon, Daniel W. Belsky
Despite the prominence of the weathering hypothesis as a mechanism underlying racialized inequities in morbidity and mortality, the life course social and economic determinants of Black–White disparities in biological aging remain inadequately understood. This study uses data from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 6,782), multivariable regression, and Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition to assess
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A Research Note on Trends in the Stock and Flow of Child Support Agreements Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Maria Cancian, Molly A. Costanzo, Daniel R. Meyer
In this research note, we demonstrate that trends in the likelihood of child support agreements differ by marital history (i.e., never-married vs. ever-married) and by whether measures rely on the stock of families (i.e., all those in which children live apart from a parent) or the flow (i.e., those that include children who newly live apart from a parent) in a given year. While previous research has
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Decomposition of Differentials in Health Expectancies From Multistate Life Tables: A Research Note Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Tianyu Shen, Tim Riffe, Collin F. Payne, Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Multistate modeling is a commonly used method to compute healthy life expectancy. However, there is currently no analytical method to decompose the components of differentials in summary measures calculated from multistate models. In this research note, we propose a derivative-based method to decompose the differentials in population-based health expectancies estimated via a multistate model into two
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The Rising Importance of Stock-Linked Assets in the Black–White Wealth Gap Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Ken-Hou Lin, Guillermo Dominguez
Studies have examined the racial disparities in household characteristics, homeownership, and familial transfer as primary drivers of the Black–White wealth gap in the United States. This study assesses the importance of stock-linked assets in generating wealth inequality. As financial assets become a growing component of household portfolios, the Black–White wealth gap is increasingly associated with
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The Dangers of Drawing Cohort Profiles From Period Data: A Research Note Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Alyson A. van Raalte, Ugofilippo Basellini, Carlo Giovanni Camarda, Marília R. Nepomuceno, Mikko Myrskylä
Drawing cohort profiles and cohort forecasts from grids of age–period data is common practice in demography. In this research note, we (1) show how demographic measures artificially fluctuate when calculated from the diagonals of age–period rates because of timing and cohort-size bias, (2) estimate the magnitude of these biases, and (3) illustrate how prediction intervals for cohort indicators of mortality
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The United States’ Record-Low Child Poverty Rate in International and Historical Perspective: A Research Note Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Zachary Parolin, Stefano Filauro
In 2021, the federal government of the United States expanded a set of income transfers that led to strong reductions in child poverty. This research note uses microdata from more than 50 countries and U.S. data spanning more than 50 years to place the 2021 child poverty rate in historical and international perspective. We demonstrate that whether using the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM), relative
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The Big (Genetic) Sort? A Research Note on Migration Patterns and Their Genetic Imprint in the United Kingdom Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Shiro Furuya, Jihua Liu, Zhongxuan Sun, Qiongshi Lu, Jason M. Fletcher
This research note reinvestigates Abdellaoui et al.’s (2019) findings that genetically selective migration may lead to persistent and accumulating socioeconomic and health inequalities between types (coal mining or non–coal mining) of places in the United Kingdom. Their migration measure classified migrants who moved to the same type of place (coal mining to coal mining or non–coal mining to non–coal
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Understanding Internal Migration: A Research Note Providing an Assessment of Migration Selection With Genetic Data Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Shiro Furuya, Jihua Liu, Zhongxuan Sun, Qiongshi Lu, Jason M. Fletcher
Migration is selective, resulting in inequalities between migrants and nonmigrants. However, investigating migration selection is empirically challenging because combined pre- and post-migration data are rarely available. We propose an alternative approach to assessing internal migration selection by integrating genetic data, enabling an investigation of migration selection with cross-sectional data
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Barker's Hypothesis Among the Global Poor: Positive Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of in Utero Famine Exposure Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Alberto Ciancio, Jere Behrman, Fabrice Kämpfen, Iliana V. Kohler, Jürgen Maurer, Victor Mwapasa, Hans-Peter Kohler
An influential literature on the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) has documented that poor conditions in utero lead to higher risk of cardiovascular disease at older ages. Evidence from low-income countries (LICs) has hitherto been missing, despite the fact that adverse in utero conditions are far more common in LICs. We find that Malawians exposed in utero to the 1949 Nyasaland
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The Impact of Childhood Mortality on Fertility in Rural Tanzania: Evidence From the Ifakara and Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Colin Baynes, Almamy Malick Kante, Sigilbert Mrema, Honorati Masanja, Bryan J. Weiner, Kenneth Sherr, James F. Phillips
This manuscript examines the relationship between child mortality and subsequent fertility using longitudinal data on births and childhood deaths occurring among 15,291 Tanzanian mothers between 2000 and 2015. Generalized hazard regression analyses assess the effect of child loss on the hazard of conception, adjusting for child-level, mother-level, and contextual covariates. Results show that time
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Welfare Reform and the Quality of Young Children's Home Environments Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Ariel Kalil, Hope Corman, Dhaval Dave, Ofira Schwarz-Soicher, Nancy E. Reichman
This study investigates the effects of welfare reform—a major policy shift in the United States that increased low-income mothers' employment and reliance on earnings instead of cash assistance—on the quality of the home environments mothers provide for their preschool-age children. Using empirical methods designed to identify plausibly causal effects, we estimate the effects of welfare reform on validated
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Household Instability and Girls’ Teen Childbearing Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Kristin L. Perkins
More than one third of U.S. children spend part of their childhood living with extended family members. By age 18, nearly 40% of U.S. children experience a household change involving a nonparent. Research has found that having extended family or nonrelatives join or leave children's households negatively affects children's educational attainment. I argue that we need new ways of theorizing, conceptualizing
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State-Level Abortion Policy Hostility and Unplanned Births in the Pre-Dobbs Era Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Julia C. P. Eddelbuettel, Sharon Sassler
An increasingly hostile policy climate has reshaped abortion access in the United States. Recent literature has studied the effects of restrictive abortion policies on reproductive health outcomes. This study is the first to investigate the association between state-level abortion policy hostility and the pregnancy intentions of women with a pregnancy resulting in live birth. Data are from the Pregnancy
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Polygenic Prediction of Education and Its Role in the Intergenerational Transmission of Education: Cohort Changes Among Finnish Men and Women Born in 1925–1989 Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Hannu Lahtinen, Kaarina Korhonen, Pekka Martikainen, Tim Morris
Major changes in the educational distribution of the population and in institutions over the past century have affected the societal barriers to educational attainment. These changes can possibly result in stronger genetic associations. Using genetically informed, population-representative Finnish surveys linked to administrative registers, we investigated the polygenic associations and intergenerational
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“Excess” Doubling Up During COVID: Changes in Children's Shared Living Arrangements Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Mariana Amorim, Natasha Pilkauskas
The proportion of U.S. children living in doubled-up households, in which a child lives with a parent plus adult kin or nonkin, has increased in the last 40 years. Although shared living arrangements are often understood as a strategy to cope with crises, no research to date has examined changes in children's living arrangements during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the American Community
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The Economic Assimilation of Second-Generation Men: An Analysis of Earnings Trajectories Using Administrative Records Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Andrés Villarreal, Christopher R. Tamborini
Previous research on the economic assimilation of recent U.S.-born children of immigrants who form the new second generation has disproportionately focused on their educational attainment and other early-life outcomes. In this study, we examine the earnings trajectories of second-generation men through a large part of their adult lives using a unique dataset that links respondents from more than two
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Fertility and Labor Supply Responses to Child Allowances: The Introduction of Means-Tested Benefits in France Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Nelly Elmallakh
This article examines fertility and labor supply responses to a 2014 French policy reform that consisted of conditioning the amount of child allowances on household income. Employing regression discontinuity design and French administrative income data, I find that restricting family allowance eligibility criteria decreases fertility among the richest households. The results also highlight that receiving
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Racial, Ethnic, Nativity, and Educational Disparities in Cognitive Impairment and Activity Limitations in the United States, 1998–2016 Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Shubhankar Sharma, Jo Mhairi Hale, Mikko Myrskylä, Hill Kulu
Despite extensive research on cognitive impairment and limitations in basic activities of daily living, no study has investigated the burden of their co-occurrence (co-impairment). Using the Health and Retirement Study data and incidence-based multistate models, we study the population burden of co-impairment using three key indicators: mean age at onset, lifetime risk, and health expectancy. We examine
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Life Course Patterns of Prescription Drug Use in the United States Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Jessica Y. Ho
Prescription drug use has reached historic highs in the United States—a trend linked to increases in medicalization, institutional factors relating to the health care and pharmaceutical industries, and population aging and growing burdens of chronic disease. Despite the high and rising prevalence of use, no estimates exist of the total number of years Americans can expect to spend taking prescription
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Sexuality and Demographic Change: Documenting Family Formation Trajectories and Cohort Change in the LGB Population Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Ariane Ophir, Diederik Boertien, Sergi Vidal
Narratives of demographic shifts overlook how societal changes shape the family trajectories of sexual minorities. Using sequence analysis, we describe how partnering and parenthood evolve over the life course of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) women and men in the United Kingdom (N = 455) and how the types of these family trajectories changed across two birth cohorts (born before 1965 and in 1965–1979)
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Does Early Childhood BCG Vaccination Improve Survival to Midlife in a Population With a Low Tuberculosis Prevalence? Quasi-experimental Evidence on Nonspecific Effects From 32 Swedish Birth Cohorts Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Michaela Theilmann, Pascal Geldsetzer, Till Bärnighausen, Nikkil Sudharsanan
The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) is widely used globally. Many high-income countries discontinued nationwide vaccination policies starting in the 1980s as the TB prevalence decreased. However, there is continued scientific interest in whether the general childhood immunity boost conferred by the BCG vaccination impacts adult health and mortality in low-TB contexts (known
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It Is Surprisingly Difficult to Measure Income Segregation Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Josh Leung-Gagné, Sean F. Reardon
Recent studies have shown that U.S. Census– and American Community Survey (ACS)–based estimates of income segregation are subject to upward finite sampling bias (Logan et al. 2018; Logan et al. 2020; Reardon et al. 2018). We identify two additional sources of bias that are larger and opposite in sign to finite sampling bias: measurement error–induced attenuation bias and temporal pooling bias. The
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The Swedish Kinship Universe: A Demographic Account of the Number of Children, Parents, Siblings, Grandchildren, Grandparents, Aunts/Uncles, Nieces/Nephews, and Cousins Using National Population Registers Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Martin Kolk, Linus Andersson, Emma Pettersson, Sven Drefahl
Given that surprisingly little is known about the demography of human kinship, we provide a demographic account of the kinship networks of individuals in Sweden in 2017 across sex and cohort between ages 0 and 102. We used administrative register data of the full population of Sweden to provide the first kinship enumeration for a complete population based on empirical data. We created ego-focused kinship
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Return Migration Selection and Its Impact on the Migrant Mortality Advantage: New Evidence Using French Pension Data Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Michel Guillot, Myriam Khlat, Romeo Gansey, Matthieu Solignac, Irma Elo
The migrant mortality advantage (MMA) has been observed in many immigrant-receiving countries, but its underlying factors remain poorly understood. This article examines the role of return migration selection effects in explaining the MMA among males aged 65+ using a rich, unique dataset from France. This dataset contains information on native-born and foreign-born pensioners who are tracked worldwide
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Does Schooling Have Lasting Effects on Cognitive Function? Evidence From Compulsory Schooling Laws Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Emma Gorman
This study assesses whether an additional year of secondary schooling has lasting causal effects on cognitive function. I use data from Understanding Society, the largest longitudinal household study in the United Kingdom, and exploit quasi-experimental variation in schooling from the 1972 raising of the school-leaving age in England and Wales. This reform increased the minimum secondary school‒leaving
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How Education Shapes Women's Work and Family Lives Across Race and Ethnicity Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Léa Pessin, Sarah Damaske, Adrianne Frech
Drawing on life course and intersectional approaches, this study examines how education shapes the intertwined domains of work and family across race and ethnicity. By applying multichannel sequence analysis and cluster analysis to the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we identify a typology of life course trajectories of work and family and test for the interactive associations of race and
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The Migration of Lynch Victims' Families, 1880–1930 Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Ryan Gabriel, Adrian Haws, Amy Kate Bailey, Joseph Price
We examine the relationship between the lynching of African Americans in the southern United States and subsequent county out-migration of the victims' surviving family members. Using U.S. census records and machine learning methods, we identify the place of residence for family members of Black individuals who were killed by lynch mobs between 1882 and 1929 in the U.S. South. Over the entire period
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Contraceptive Behavior Dynamics and Unintended Pregnancy: A Latent Transition Analysis Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Alison Swiatlo, Sian Curtis, Nisha Gottfredson, Carolyn Halpern, Katherine Tumlinson, Kristen Hassmiller Lich
The average U.S. woman wants to have two children; to do so, she will spend about three years pregnant, postpartum, or trying to become pregnant, and three decades trying to avoid pregnancy. However, few studies have examined individual patterns of contraceptive use over time. These trajectories are important to understand given the high rate of unintended pregnancy and how little we know about the
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Exposure to Armed Conflict and HIV Risk Among Rwandan Women Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Kammi K. Schmeer, Paola Andrea Echave, Hollie Nyseth Nzitatira
This article focuses on the link between past exposure to violence and a critical public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa: HIV-positive status in women of reproductive age. Specifically, we use biosocial data from the Rwandan Demographic and Health Survey (2005‒2014) to assess how the timing and intensity of women's exposure to the war and genocide in Rwanda (1990‒1994) may be associated with their
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Sexual Fluidity: Implications for Population Research Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Joel Mittleman
For the first time ever, national censuses have begun asking adults to report their sexual orientations. However, because such surveys provide only cross-sectional snapshots of populations, these data obscure one key complexity: that sexuality can be fluid, with sexual self-identification evolving over time. Drawing on unique, restricted-use data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health
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The Relationship Between Contraceptive Method Use and Return of Fecundity Among Women Attempting Pregnancy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Demography (IF 4.222) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Alison Gemmill, Sarah E. K. Bradley, Blair O. Berger, Suzanne O. Bell
One of the most common barriers to using effective family planning methods is the belief that hormonal contraceptives and contraceptive devices have adverse effects on future fertility. Recent evidence from high-income settings suggests that some hormonal contraceptive methods are associated with delays in return of fecundity, yet it is unclear if these findings generalize to low- and middle-income