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Maintenance as a sustainability tool in high-risk process industries: A review and future directions J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Djamel Abdelghani Bouabid, Hefaidh Hadef, Fares Innal
The intricate interplay between sustainability and maintenance management within high-risk process industries constitutes a focal point for scientists, engineers, and strategic planners. Recognizing maintenance management as a pivotal component of comprehensive development strategies, this study delves into the challenges posed and opportunities presented by these critical sectors. Leveraging cross-sectoral
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Research on the fatigue level of underground mine truck drivers with integration of cardiovascular and brain features J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Ying Chen, Shengwei Li, Song Jiang, Yuehan Liu, Peishuo Chai
The fatigue of miners is one of the primary factors influencing unsafe behaviors in mining. To accurately identify the fatigue status of miners, prevent coal mine accidents, and simulate the loading and unloading operations of underground mine truck drivers.Collecting electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) feature indicators of mine truck drivers during different work periods, using
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Thermal hazard evaluation of 18650 lithium-ion batteries at various discharge rates J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Yen-Wen Lai, Kuang-Hui Chi, Yi-Hong Chung, Sheng-Wei Liao, Chi-Min Shu
Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) provide high energy density, low self-discharge rate, long cycle life, and superior suitability for a wide range of applications, such as portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. In this investigation, we prepared 18650 LIB cells with various discharging rates (1C, 2C, 3C, and 4C) using specified conditions for static discharging experiment
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Quantitative classification of equipment protection level in concept of zone classification with downtime of protective measures J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Teruhito Otsuka, Satoru Mochida, Takashi Furuya
Handling flammable materials has a risk that can create explosive atmosphere. Such locations are classified as hazardous area, depending on the frequency and volume of explosive atmospheres. General electrical equipment is prohibited in the hazardous area and explosion protected equipment is used. These are the spatial isolation of ignition sources within the fire triangle, but even time isolation
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Temperature control for the synthesis of n-butylmagnesium bromide Grignard reagent based on n-octadecane/polystyrene microPCMs J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Dongyan Yang, Lei Ni, Luping Gu, Qiang Chen, Juncheng Jiang, Jimi Su
Thermal runaway accounts for a high proportion of chemical safety accidents and poses a serious threat to the operational safety of personnel. Phase change materials (PCMs) have a high enthalpy of melting, if the latent heat energy of their phase change can be stored and used to absorb the heat released during thermal runaway, this phenomenon can provide a new approach for the control of reaction thermal
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Modeling the causal mechanism in process safety management (PSM) systems from historical accidents J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Yi Niu, Yunxiao Fan, Xing Ju, Chenyu Hao, Xiao Yang
Process safety management (PSM) underpins reducing major accidents in the process industries. For decades, PSM systems have been implemented globally. However, few studies have modeled the complexities within the PSM system, leading to some underlying chronic problems within organizations that go unnoticed. Here, we investigate causal mechanisms among PSM elements from historical accidents to deliver
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Experimental study on charge transfer measurement of electrostatic discharges generated on surface of insulative flexible intermediate bulk container using novel Coulomb meter J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Yuki Osada, Mizuki Shoyama, Teruo Suzuki, Kwangseok Choi
Electrostatic accidents with powders still happen with the use of insulative flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs). This paper deals with the transferred charge amount of the electrostatic discharge from the insulating FIBC surface and/or ungrounded metal using novel Coulomb meter. A conveyor-type test facility including insulative FIBC and about 120 kg of polypropylene powder (about 3 mm)
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Effects investigation of particle size and concentration on the ignition, explosion characteristics, and behavior of flame propagation in TC4 titanium alloys J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Qing-Rui Li, Li-Hua Zhu, Jun-Cheng Jiang, Yun-Hao Li, An-Chi Huang
This study comprehensively examines the ignition and flame propagation characteristics of Ti–6Al–4V (TC4) titanium alloys, specifically emphasizing the substantial influence of particle size and concentration on ignition behaviors. Our rigorous experimentation demonstrated that the existence of smaller particles considerably reduces the minimum ignition temperature, thereby intensifying the likelihood
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A novel risk analysis method for hazardous cargo operations at port integrating the HFLC model and DEMATEL method J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Junwen Ma, An Zhang, Changhong Tang, Wenhao Bi
The development of maritime chemical and industrial trade has led to the large-scale hazardous cargo operations at port, making it essential to conduct risk analysis to analyze the risk factors affecting port safety and prevent the occurrence of accident. However, the complex interrelationships among risk factors in hazardous cargo operations and the uncertainties in the risk analysis process pose
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Impact of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties on thermal risk and production assessment: Application to the hydrogenation of levulinic acid and butyl levulinate J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Lujie Shi, Younes Aoues, Sébastien Leveneur
The hydrogenation of levulinates, derivatives from cellulose hydrolysis, leads to the platform molecule γ-valerolactone (GVL). While prior investigations indicate the propensity for thermal runaways in this reaction, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis has been conspicuously absent in the existing literature. This study endeavors to scrutinize the influence of input parameters on both thermal risks
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Assessing the attractiveness of chemical and process facilities to terrorism using a situational crime prevention approach J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Giulia Marroni, Valeria Casson Moreno, Alessia Tortolini, Francesco Tamburini, Gabriele Landucci
As intentional attacks to industry have been on the rise in the last years, researchers and institutions put effort in addressing risks of industrial assets exposed to acts of interference. One of the key steps of security risk assessment is the evaluation of the attractiveness, i.e. determining which installation or part of it could be of interest to a potential attacker. As security concerns are
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Prediction model of continuous discharge coefficient from tank based on KPCA-DE-SVR J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-14 Juanxia He, Liwen Huang, Yao Xiao, Wen Li, Jiamei Yin, Qingshan Duan, Linna Wei
The discharge of hazardous liquids from storage tanks poses a serious threat to the surrounding environment and humans in consideration of the potential risk of catastrophic fire and explosion. Hence, it is essential to precisely predict discharge coefficient of a continuous leakage to benefit risk assessment and management and accident prevention. This study proposed a prediction model using a hybrid
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Development and application of safety culture analysis program: First online safety culture quantitative analysis and assessment system in China J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Xie Xuecai, Fu Gui, Shi Zhao, Tong Ruipeng, Tong Wenqing, Lyu Qian, Wang Yuxin
To promote safety culture assessment, this paper developed China's first online safety culture analysis and evaluation system— (SCAP). SCAP is based on the 32 safety culture elements in the 24Model and provides two login methods: web version and WeChat mini program. It can meet the needs of individuals, groups, and enterprises to conduct safety culture assessments anytime and anywhere and provide convenience
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Analysis on the relationship between accident ratio of machinery, metal, and non-metal mineral product manufacturing and improvement ratio of risk factors classified according to the KRAS J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Ho Houng Yu, Doo Hyun Kim, Sung Chul Kim
Currently, 76.6% of businesses in South Korea that are required to appoint safety managers have outsourced their safety management tasks to specialized safety management institutions. As a result, the role of these institutions is crucial. However, these institutions lack standardized inspection items for workplaces, and there are no specific regulations that enforce the improvement of identified risk
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Effect of explosion impact on the electrical performance and appearance of lithium-ion battery J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Wei-Qing Peng, Song Guo, Zi-Wen Gao, Zi Wang, Jiao Geng
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Predicting possible recommendations related to causes and consequences in the HAZOP study worksheet using natural language processing and machine learning: BERT, clustering, and classification J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Ali Ekramipooya, Mehrdad Boroushaki, Davood Rashtchian
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Study on the effects of confined space opening pressure and ignition energy on the explosion flame of AlSi10Mg dust J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-30 Siheng Sun, Chonglin Xing, Yuangang Jiang, Yang Hu, Lei Pang, Longzhe Jin, Huanjuan Zhao, Kai Yang
A series of dust explosion experiments were conducted using a minimum ignition energy experimental device to investigate the explosion flame of AlSi10Mg dust and its influencing factors. The microscopic morphology of the AlSi10Mg dust explosion flame was captured using a high-speed camera, and the effects on flame characteristics were observed by varying the confined space opening pressure and ignition
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Combined effect of the number and arrangement of multiple vents on the characteristics of vented propane-air mixture explosions in a large L/D ratio duct J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-30 Changshuai Zhang, Hongguang Dong, Kai Zhang, Sheng Shang, Wei Gao
The combined effect of the number and arrangement of multiple vents on the vented explosions of propane-air mixtures is explored in the rectangular explosion duct with a length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio of 7. The results show that for the distribution of single and double vents, maximum reduced pressure (P) and maximum pressure rise rate ((dp/dt)) both first increase and then decrease as the first vent
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Research on the inerting mechanism of sucrose dust explosion by sodium bicarbonate J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Xiaoyan Liu, Wei Guan, Xiaoquan Li, Zhiwen Yang, Yuankun Zhong, Hao Liu, Yunjie Sun
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Investigation of an optimization method for time constants to calibrate reaction calorimeters J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Mieko Kumasaki, Mao Yamashita, Yosuke Nishiwaki, Teruhito Otsuka, Yoshihiko Sato
In exothermic reactions, scale-up sometimes endangers the chemical process because of the risk of runaway reactions. Reaction calorimeters are used in a laboratory to design a safe chemical process by collecting thermal and kinetic parameters for scale-up. Because scale-up can magnify the errors obtained in laboratory experiments, the cooling capacity can be improperly calculated based on the underestimated
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Experimental and simulation study on performance evaluation for flame retardancy of polyurethane J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Junseo Lee, Seunghun Lee, Sehyeon Oh, Byungchol Ma
Rigid polyurethane (RPU) is widely used as an insulation material for construction; however, it induces the production of toxic gases in the case of a fire. Thus, the development of RPU with enhanced flame retardancy is required. In this study, a series of flame retardancy evaluation methods are presented, ranging from a property-based method to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical method
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Estimating specific acute exposure guideline levels for emergency response at the scene of chemical accidents: A case study of acrylic acid J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Jihoon Park, Eunchae Kim, Chung-Soo Lee, Wonho Yang, Hye-Ok Kwon, Seung Ryul Hwang, Yong-Sung Cho
Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) are reference values for disaster management during scenarios involving chemical accidents. We attempted to specify the present AEGLs of acrylic acid that are provided with only five intervals (10, 30 min, 1, 4, and 8 h) as a brief case study. The AEGL-1, 2, 3 values for acrylic acid were estimated
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A novel dynamic risk assessment method for hazardous chemical warehouses based on improved SVM and mathematical methodologies J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Songming Li, Guohua Chen, Jinkun Men, Xiaofeng Li, Yimeng Zhao, Qiming Xu, Jie Zhao
Effective dynamic risk assessment is crucial for identifying process hazards and preventing accidents. The rapid development of modern technology urgently requires the development of new dynamic risk assessment methods to address current societal needs, especially in situations where a large amount of real-time data is available. Consequently, this manuscript presents an improved support vector machine
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Experimental investigation of rectangular nozzle aspect ratio effects on high-pressure helium leakage characteristics J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Yi Niu, Dingwei Wang, Bihe Yuan, Yanyan Liu
High-pressure hydrogen leakage is one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of the hydrogen energy industry. In this study, a high-pressure helium leakage experimental system with stable pressure was built to research the influence of aspect ratio on concentration decay rate and mass flow rate. Similar to the circular nozzle, the centerline helium concentration of the rectangular jet is also
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CFD-based AHP-TOPSIS decision-making model for gas explosion overpressure mitigation measures in underground utility tunnels J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Ying Xu, Yimiao Huang, Guowei Ma
Gas explosion is a highly destructive form of disaster, and it seriously threatens the safety of structures and personnel. The reduction and mitigation measures of gas explosions have been extensively investigated, such as blast walls, safety gaps, and inert gases. Among these numerous measures, how to select the most economical, feasible, and effective measure to reduce the consequences of gas explosions
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Factors affecting learning from incidents: A cross-industry review J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Junfeng Guan, Yan Zixuan, Albert P.C. Chan, Tracy Choi, Yang Yang
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Predicting method for self-heating temperature of chemical substances using isothermal DSC instead of wire basket test (EN15188) J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-17 Kohei Sasahara, Wakana Hirayama, Shinobu Maruno, Yusuke Wada, Shigeki Mori
Wire basket test is a hazard analysis method for the self-heating hazard of accumulated substances regulated in EN15188. However, this test requires a large amount of sample and long test period. To solve these issues, a new isothermal method to predict the self-heating temperature for any scale by obtaining pseudo activation energy of heat accumulation reaction using DSC has been developed. Governing
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A dispersion model for initial consequence analysis based on diffusion equations J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Tai Eun Son, Eui Ju Lee
Most factories use toxic or flammable chemicals in their industrial processes; this poses a risk of leakage due to accidents, which can sometimes result in mass casualties and considerable property damage. Therefore, quantitative risk prediction and assessment are necessary to protect the public and minimize losses in the event of a chemical release. Several methods can be used to evaluate chemical
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Evolution characteristics of deflagration wave system and flame acceleration effect of combustible gas in variable-caliber pipelines J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Yang Hu, Hong Tao, Minhang Song, Shuo Lyu, Haixia Zhang, Tao Cui
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Large scale experimental research of VCEs – A summary from one viewpoint J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 D.M. Johnson, D. Allason, P.M. Cronin
Vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) are rare but have severe consequences, both in terms of harm and damage. The cause of pressure generation in these explosions was poorly understood five decades ago and methods for estimating the hazard at any location took no account of the factors that might influence the severity of a VCE. The situation two decades into the 21st century is vastly different; we understand
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Laminar burning velocity of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway vent gas in air J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Akihiro Ueda, Yangkyun Kim, Wookyung Kim
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Functional group analysis and machine learning techniques for MIE prediction J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Jhanvi Kevadiya, Colson Johnson, Purvali Chaudhari, Chad V. Mashuga
The successful prediction of minimum ignition energies (MIEs) for 55 flammable organic molecules has been accomplished through group contribution and machine learning methods. The applied techniques include least squares regression, Huber regression, and kernel ridge regression, with the Marrero/Gani method applied to determine structurally dependent descriptors to uniquely characterize each molecule
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Turbulence generated by dust dispersion in the standard 1 m3 vessel J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Zdzisław Dyduch
The standard 1 m vessel is an apparatus recommended for an assessment of dust explosion indices by ISO, European and American Standards. However the definition of the vessel construction given in the Standards leaves some room when designing it. That may lead to significantly different results obtained in vessels built in different laboratories even when all of them meet the requirements of the Standards
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The effect of particle size on aluminum dust dispersion based on numerical simulation J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Wenling Guan, Yueshuang Xia, Chengjie Dong, Changxing Ren, Wang Zhang
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Flame acceleration and detonation initiation around a T-shaped bifurcation J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Tomoaki Honda, Syotaro Ogawa, Yusuke Kida, Wookyung Kim, Tomoyuki Johzaki, Tomoaki Yatsufusa, Takuma Endo
We experimentally studied the flame behavior of H–O–N premixed gas around a T-shaped bifurcation in a piping system with an inner diameter of 20 mm. In the experiments, we measured the flame speed as a function of the path length from the igniting spark plug using ion probes and observed self-emission images using a high-speed camera. The speed and disturbance of the flame entering the bifurcation
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Evaluation of dust and gas explosion potential in chemical looping processes J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Andrew J. Furlong, Nicole K. Bond, Michael J. Pegg, Robin W. Hughes
The explosibility of metals typically used as oxygen carriers in chemical looping processes are reviewed. Chemical looping processes use intensified process conditions such as elevated temperatures and pressures to accelerate reduction and oxidation reactions of metals. A review of literature on metals indicates they are generally non-explosible under standard test conditions, however, at conditions
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Exploring human factors of major chemical accidents in China: Evidence from 160 accidents during 2011–2022 J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Haishun Wang, Lijun Wei, Kai Wang, Yingquan Duo, Chao Chen, Shengzhu Zhang, Mingqing Su, Tao Zeng
Major chemical accidents (MCAs) usually cause multiple casualties, property losses, and environmental damage. MCAs in hazardous chemical production enterprises (HCPEs) in China have been frequent in recent years. Understanding past accidents is essential for accident prevention and risk mitigation. However, no accurate statistical analysis and systematic human cause investigation of MCAs in China is
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Numerical simulation of thermodynamic response law of chemical pipeline corridor under jet fire environment J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Xue Li, Tianxiang Sun, Ning Zhou, Shubin Yun, Yongbin Yu, Yu Zhang, Yanxia Zhang, Qing Yin, Xingyi Qian, Lewei Cao, Chunhai Yang, Bing Chen, Xuanya Liu, Weiqiu Huang
To accurately predict the relationship between temperature rise of chemical corridor pipelines and time under a jet fire environment, a chemical corridor in Shanghai is taken as the research object, and a model of chemical corridor pipeline is constructed with FDS software to study the thermodynamic response law of the petrochemical pipeline under the action of jet fire. The results show that the temperature
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Challenges in managing emergency offshore: A comparison of offshore and onshore perspectives J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Nathanael J, Khairilmizal S., Carlos Samuel, Nurulilyana Sansuddin, M.F. Hussin, Maliki Hapani, Noor Azlan Musa, Kamarudin Ainul Husna
Three segments, which are the upstream, midstream, and downstream, make up the oil and gas business. At each stage of these oil and gas operations, there are differences in hazard and risk management that affect emergency management. Offshore emergency management presents more challenges compared to onshore emergency management, this is largely due to the remote and harsh environment, limited resources
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An advanced gas leakage traceability & dispersion prediction methodology using unmanned aerial vehicle J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Hao Sheng, Guohua Chen, Qiming Xu, Xiaofeng Li, Jinkun Men, Lixing Zhou, Jie Zhao
Rapid prediction of gas leakage traceability & dispersion (GLTD) is critical for the emergency management of chemical industrial parks (CIPs). Existing GLTD prediction methods are limited by the spatial coverage and number of fixed gas sensors. It is also not possible to provide any specific information about the leak scene. Inspired by emerging drone technologies, this work proposed an advanced UAV-driven
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Risk assessment methods for process safety, process security and resilience in the chemical process industry: A thorough literature review J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Muhammad Shah Ab Rahim, Genserik Reniers, Ming Yang, Shailendra Bajpai
This paper presents a systematic literature review of risk assessment methods in the chemical process industry (CPI), focusing on process safety, process security, and resilience. We analyzed peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2022 using the PRISMA methodology and identified twelve predominant methods. Our findings reveal a shift towards dynamic, systemic-based assessments like the Functional Resonance
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Measuring dust burning velocity for deflagration vent design J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Laurence G. Britton, Samuel A. Rodgers
Deflagration vent design should be based on the burning velocity in the pressure range below 3 bara, where vent relief devices normally operate, rather than the K deflagration index, which is typically measured at pressures >50% of the maximum deflagration pressure, P. Tests using a standardized 1000-L vessel showed that in the pressure range below about 3 bara, niacin and lycopodium burned faster
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Quantitative risk assessment and risk reduction of worst-case accident scenario at fuel storage terminal J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Juwari Juwari, Rendra Panca Anugraha, Mabrur Zanata, Nutfah Amirah Leksono, Mahar Diana Hamid, Teguh Cahyono
In the distribution of the oil and gas industry, fuel storage terminals play an important role in delivering fuel from refineries to consumers. However, the fuel storage terminal carries numerous potential risks of high impact accidents such as fires and explosions. The worst-case approach of explosion of the facility is often too conservative and missed other possible scenarios due to different conditions
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Spontaneous ignition of rubber woodchip in Thailand J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Thanet Unchaisri, Pawin Chaivatamaset, Somboon Wetchakama, Wimolsiri Pridasawas, Waraporn Methawiriyasilp, Suvit Sae Tia
The self-ignition temperature, the safe pile storage dimension and the activation energy of the rubber woodchip pile were determined by Frank-Kamenetskii approach. The woodchip samples with 278 kg/m and 458 kg/m of the bulk densities and 10.6% w.b. (wet basis) and 46.1% w.b. of the initial moisture contents were used. The samples were put into the cubic baskets with the widths of 8 cm, 10 cm, and 12 cm
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Flame propagation characteristics of industrial flue gas on explosion of powder coating/air mixtures J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Chen Lv, Xinqun Wang, Sheng Xue, Xiaolu Wang, Shuang Wang
In order to prevent explosion accidents during the electrostatic spraying process of powder coatings, a typical coating production line was taken as an example. Two types of powder coatings, namely black sand profiling powder coating and glossy black powder coating were selected for research purposes. The study aimed to investigate the explosion propagation characteristics of organic and inorganic
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European round robin on safety characteristics of hybrid mixtures from vapors and dusts J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 V. Heilmann, S. Spitzer, O. Dufaud, M. Hohenberger, V. Jankuj, M. Prodan, S. Zakel
As part of the development of a new standard testing procedure, a round robin study was conducted by six participating laboratories. This study involved the measurement of both the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise for hybrid mixtures comprising dust and vapor. Measurements were performed using a modified 20L-sphere. The primary objective of this collaborative effort
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The development of a common cause factor score table on IEC 61508 Part 6 Edition 2.0 J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Jinhyung Park, Kyoshik Park, Chang Jun Lee
A common cause factor (CCF) significantly affects achieving high safety integrity levels (SIL), such as SIL3 and SIL4. Even with very low dangerous undetected failure rates, a high CCF reduces the resulting SIL. This study proposes a new method to classify common causes, to establish more practical countermeasures for lower CCF. Real statistics guide the classification into hardware failures, systematic
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Use of a two-parameter Weibull distribution for the description of the particle size effect on dust minimum explosible concentration J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Asma Abousrafa, Tomasz Olewski, Luc Véchot
Combustible dust explosion properties, like Minimum Explosible Concentration (MEC) and Minimum Ignition Energy (or Temperature), have a strong dependency on the particle surface area to mass ratio which varies with the particle size distribution. Unfortunately, the comparison of the dust explosion properties reported in the literature for a given dust material is often difficult because of the lack
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Probabilistic risk analysis and characterization of hazardous material road transportation routes under explosion accidents J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Cheng-lin Zhai, Ai-zhi Wu
Road transportation is the main transportation mode for hazardous materials, and the risk of the transportation process is directly related to the safety of the people and environment around the routes. To accurately describe the risks in the road transportation of hazardous materials, a method for quantifying and characterizing the probabilistic risk is proposed in this study. Firstly, a route is
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Integrating FBN and FDS for quantitative risk assessment of cable fire in utility tunnel J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Xiaoping Zhu, Jiansong Wu, Yiping Bai, Dong Wang, Jun Zhang
The highly integrated underground utility tunnel (UUT) is a kind of critical infrastructure for process clusters and cities. However, this integration inevitably entails potential risks, including gas leakage, explosions, cable fires, and the accumulation of toxic gases within sewage pipes, and the concern regarding cable fires supersedes others due to their multifactorial correlations and severe consequences
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The prediction model for explosion overpressure in unconfined hydrogen cloud explosion J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Yonghao Zhou, Lei Huang, Yanchao Li, Wei Gao
The strong blast wave in gas explosion accident could cause great casualties and property loss, which is the main threat to safety production and further popularization of hydrogen energy. This research focuses on the prediction of explosion overpressure in unconfined hydrogen cloud explosion with or without built-in obstacle. The flame acceleration caused by the obstacle causes two overpressure peaks
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Seismic risk in the chemical process industry: A semi-quantitative methodology for critical equipment identification J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Federica Novelli, Flavia Pesce, Roberto Bubbico
Natural events, such as earthquakes, floods, etc., can play a significant role in triggering industrial accidents of various intensities (the so-called Na-Tech risk), so that their inclusion in a comprehensive risk assessment is very important. However, a detailed and comprehensive quantitative approach is often unrealistic, because of the extremely large number of calculations to be carried out and
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Study on the formation characteristics of coal dust cloud and dynamic behavior of flame during explosion in a Hartmann tube J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Ke Gao, Zemiao Yang, Dariusz Obracaj, Shijie Zhou, Zhipeng Qi, Shengnan Li, Lu Chen
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Effect of temperature in the occurrence of backdraft J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Tzu-Yan Tseng, Chia-Lung Wu, Kuang-Chung Tsai
Many previous studies have investigated the mechanism of backdraft, focusing on the flammable gas concentration. However, there still exists a question: whether temperature is influential. This study visited this topic with compartment fires in the “fully developed fire period” and under-ventilated, i.e. after flashover and before “decay period”. It was the first research investigating backdraft with
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Model for estimating the maximum water content that would maintain the flammability of an aqueous−organic mixture J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Horng-Jang Liaw, Kazem Lakzian, Yi-Hua Wang, Man-Ching Chen
Adding water to liquid fuels can make them nonflammable; substantial amounts of water are required to do so for highly volatile fuels. A limited amount of water being required to eliminate the flammability of low-volatility fuels would enable adjustments to be made to fire and explosion (F&E) hazard assessments for such fuels and the requirements for preventing F&E hazards of various regulations. This
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The law of landslide surge propagation and the affects of flow field surrounding a pipeline J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Hong Ji, Wencong Shen, Weikang Liu, Ke Yang, Juncheng Jiang, Zhixiang Xing, Jie Guo
Large landslide instability will throw rock and soil into the water, causing massive surge waves, damaging the underwater pipeline structure, and endangering the lives and property of coastal residents. This study uses the RNG turbulence model and the VOF method to numerically simulate the landslide surge based on the physical experiment model. This paper simulated the characteristics of the surge
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Influence of radiation mode and intensity on the protective performance of firefighting boots J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Jiao Geng, Song Guo, Zi-Wen Gao, Zi Wang, Wei-Qing Peng
In the process of firefighting and emergency rescue, firefighting boots are one of the most important personal protective equipments (PPEs) for firefighters to protect their feet and legs from thermal radiation injury. In this work, the self-designed long-term thermal radiation setup was employed to measure the critical failure temperature for firefighting boots with various radiation intensities and
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Investigating the efficacy of expanded graphite/NaCl composite powder as an extinguishing agent for metal combustion suppression J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Fang-Chao Cao, Xin-Yue Ma, Qing-Rui Li, Yan Tang, Xi-Lin Dong, An-Chi Huang
Advancements in fire safety technology have led to the development of expanded graphite (EG)/NaCl composite powder, a dry powder fire extinguishing agent specifically for metal fires. This study used custom apparatus to examine the fire suppression properties of this composite powder in relation to its constituent elements, EG and NaCl. Compared to pure EG, this composite powder has a smaller particle
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Investigation of marginally explosible dusts J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Albert Addo, Maria Portarapillo, Almerinda Di Benedetto, Yajie Bu, Yuan Chunmiao, Ashok Dastidar, Faisal Khan, Paul Amyotte
“Marginally explosible dusts (MEDs)” are a group of combustible dusts that are distinguished by relatively low volume-normalized maximum rate of pressure rise (KSt) and maximum explosion pressure (Pmax) values. Earlier studies have suggested that dusts with KSt values less than 45 bar m/s in the laboratory-scale 20-L chamber would not explode in the 1-m3 chamber and therefore not on an industrial scale