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Proflactic effects of rosmarinic acid on spinal cord injury in rats. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-3-8 A Taş, Ö Yükselmiş, E Deveci
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes various neurological consequences that disrupt the structure of axons. The C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) acts in neuronal death by apoptosis has been demonstrated in experimental models. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic compound used for therapeutic purposes in many diseases. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of Rosmarinic acid application on
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Audiological evaluation of the cochlear nerve with brainstem evoked response audiometry in patients with COVID-19. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-3-8 A Taş, B Haznedar, M C Tuncer
In this clinical study, it was aimed to prospectively evaluate the cochlear nerve with brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) in terms of audiological ailments in patients with COVID-19. Although the relationship of COVID-19 with tinnitus and hearing loss has been investigated since the day this infectious respiratory disease emerged, its relationship with BERA has not been fully demonstrated
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Evaluation of daily Laurus nobilis tea consumption on anxiety and stress biomarkers in healthy volunteers. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-3-8 C Chbili, M Maoua, M Zaouali, M Selmi, I Kacem, N Mrizek, M Nouira, M Jihene, K Hedi, M Ben Fredj
Laurus nobilis is known in the field of herbal medicine and in vitro studies for its antibacterial, antifungal, anti- diabetes, and anti-inflammatory beneficial effects. Laurus nobilis tea consumption was investigated with regard to its effects on anxiety and stress in healthy individuals, measured by subjective tools and by plasmatic cortisol levels. The study included thirty healthy Tunisian volunteers
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Effects of thymoquinone on spinal cord injury in rats. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-3-8 Ö Avınca, M Taş, Y Karakoç, D Yavuz, E Deveci
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition that causes disturbances in normal sensory, motor, and autonomic functions. During SCI, damages occur such as, contusion, compression, distraction. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of the antioxidative thymoquinone on neuron and glia cells in SCI biochemically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally.
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The potential effects of nutrients and light on autophagy-mediated visual function and clearance of retinal aggregates. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-3-8 R Pinelli, F Biagioni, E Scaffidi, V Vakunseth Bumah, C L Busceti, S Puglisi-Allegra, G Lazzeri, F Fornai
Increasing findings indicate that a dysfunction in the autophagy machinery is common during retinal degeneration. The present article provides evidence showing that an autophagy defect in the outer retinal layers is commonly described at the onset of retinal degeneration. These findings involve a number of structures placed at the border between the inner choroid and the outer retina encompassing the
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Combined pulses of light and sound in the retina with nutraceuticals may enhance the recovery of foveal holes. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-8-2 R Pinelli, C Berti, E Scaffidi, G Lazzeri, V V Bumah, R Ruffoli, F Biagioni, C L Busceti, S Puglisi-Allegra, F Fornai
The present manuscript stems from evidence, which indicates that specific wavelength produce an activation of the autophagy pathway in the retina. These effects were recently reported to synergize with the autophagy-inducing properties of specific phytochemicals. The combined administration of photo-modulation and phytochemicals was recently shown to have a strong potential in eliciting the recovery
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Histopathological evaluation of IBA-1, GFAP activity in the brain cortex of rats administered cadmium chloride. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-8-2 E Gök, E Deveci
This study aims to evaluate the changes in brain tissue and blood-brain barrier due to oxidative stress during cadmium (Cd) poisoning by biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. 170-190 g weighing eight-week-old female Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups (control and experimental), with 7 animals in each group. Experimental group rats were given 2 mg/kg/day powdered
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The effect of vitamin E supplementation on brain tissue element levels in epileptic rats. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-8-2 L Ozturk-Sonmez, E Tutkun, E Agar, M Ayyildiz, R Mogulkoc, A K Baltaci
The aim of this study was to investigate how the application of vitamin E affected the levels of chemical elements in the brain tissues of epilepsy-induced rats. The sample of 40 adult male rats was separated into 4 equal groups: Group 1: control, Group 2: vitamin E; Group 3: penicillin to promote epileptic form activity and Group 4: penicillin + vitamin E. After three months of treatment, an Atomic
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Noradrenergic substrates sensing light within brainstem reticular formation as targets for light-induced behavioral and cardiovascular plasticity. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-8-2 R Pinelli, D Bucci, E Scaffidi, C Berti, V Bumah, G Lazzeri, R Ruffoli, S Puglisi-Allegra, C L Busceti, F Fornai
The occurrence of pure light exerts a variety of effects in the human body, which span from behavioral alterations, such as light-driven automatic motor activity, cognition and mood to more archaic vegetative functions, which encompass most organs of the body with remarkable effects on the cardiovascular system. Although empirical evidence clearly indicates occurrence of these widespread effects, the
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In search for a neuropsychological marker of ADHD: findings from incidental memory testing. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-8-2 G Gronchi, A Peru
This paper reports on a study where the incidental memory of 18 children with ADHD and 18 typically developing peers was assessed by means of a conventional two-phase recognition memory test. In the study phase participants were required to categorize as a living or non-living a set of 64 stimuli from 8 semantic categories. In the test phase, they were required to recognize "target" (i.e., stimuli
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Spreading depolarization: A phenomenon in the brain. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-8-2 R Aboghazleh, B Alkahmous, B Turan, M C Tuncer
In 1944, the physiologist Leão while studying epilepsy in the rabbit noticed a sudden temporary cessation of electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity accompanied with a large negative slow potential change recorded by extracellular electrodes, that is later known as spreading depolarizations (SDs). The depression of the brain electrical activity was slowly propagating through the cerebral cortex. The
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Not all sales performance is created equal: personality and interpersonal traits in inbound and outbound marketing activities. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-1-26 A P Malizia, T Bassetti, D Menicagli, A Patuelli, S D'Arcangelo, N Lattanzi, F Bossi, A Mastrogiorgio
A long tradition of research has shown that personality traits, such as extraversion and agreeableness, and interpersonal constructs better predict job performance with a tacit but not explicit distinction in sales marketing activities. In this contribution, we aim to understand the role of job-related and interest data, interpersonal, and personality traits in affecting either inbound or outbound
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Flow cytometric analysis of CD4 and T-lymphocytes of chronic amphetamine and alcohol abuse. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-1-26 K M Mehdar, A R Alrafiah
Drug and alcohol abuse has significant negative impacts on individuals' life, health status and communities. They have also been implicated immunity system diseases. Therefore we aim to investigate the impact of chronic amphetamine abuse or co-abuse of alcohol with amphetamine on immunity, especially CD3 T cells, as well as the response of CD4 and CD8 T cells.
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The neurobiology of nutraceuticals combined with light exposure, a case report in the course of retinal degeneration. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-1-26 R Pinelli, M Bertelli, E Scaffidi, V V Bumah, F Biagioni, C L Busceti, S Puglisi-Allegra, F Fornai
The present article presents a case report and discusses the neurobiology underlying the potential neuro-repair induced by combined administration of phytochemicals in a patient undergoing photo-bio-modulation (PBM), which improves anatomical and clinical abnormalities in the course of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). After combined treatments the patient with nutraceuticals and PBM had noticeable
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The Effect of 2 Weeks of Naringenin on AQP4, IL-2 and DNA Damage in Brain Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-1-26 M Somuncu, D Dasdelen, S B Baltaci, R Mogulkoc, A K Baltaci
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of naringenin (NAR) administration for 2 weeks in rats on brain Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OhdG) levels in brain ischemia-reperfusion. Experimental groups were formed as follows; 1-Control; 2-Sham Control; 3 Ischemia/ Reperfusion (I/R); 4-Naringenin (Naringenin 50) + I/R; 5-Naringenin (naringenin
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Combined therapy (Rho-A-kinase inhibitor and chitosan/collagen porous scaffold) provides a supportive environment for endogenous regenerative processes after spinal cord trauma. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-1-26 A Stropkovská, A Kisucká, K Bimbová, M Bačová, J Gálik, L Medvecky, I Šulla, M Karasová, N Lukačová
Due to the complexity of pathological processes in spinal cord injury (SCI), it is increasingly recognized that combined strategies are more effective than single treatments. The aim of the present study was to enhance neural tissue regeneration and axon regrowth using Rho-A-kinase inhibitor (Y-27632) in a rat SCI model (Th9 compression) and to bridge the lesion with a chitosan/collagen porous scaffold
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The influence of mandibular stretching on athletes subjected to high intensity workout. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-1-26 D Tonlorenzi, M Conti, G Traina
The use of oral appliances is considered effective in improving sport performance. Jaw clenching or stretching, improved breathing or positioning of the jaw have been proposed to explain the improvement. In this study, we reported the effects of regularly practiced mandibular stretching at submaximal opening of the jaw in Crossfit athletes. Seventeen test subjects undergoing mandibular stretching (MS)
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Surgical management of sporadic hemangioblastomas located in the posterior fossa of brain. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-6-30 I Başar, P Aydın Öztürk, M C Tuncer, Y Turan, T Yılmaz
Hemangioblastomas (HBs) are highly vascular tumors, constituting 2%-3% of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Surgery is a treatment option for HBs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and radiological findings of patients with HBs who were operated on via microsurgical technique at our clinic and to determine the findings specific to HBs and evaluate their pathological
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Retinal Degeneration Following Chronic Administration of the Parkinsonism-Inducing Neurotoxin MPTP. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-6-30 R Pinelli, F Biagioni, M Bertelli, C L Busceti, E Scaffidi, L Ryskalin, F Fornai
During late stages, retinal degenerative disorders affecting photoreceptors progress independently from the specific disease trigger. In fact, a number of detrimental consequences occur downstream of photoreceptors, which are triggered by the loss of photoreceptors themselves. Such downstream anatomical alterations were originally thought to be compensatory events aimed to restore retinal function
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Dual function of Selenium nanoparticles: Inhibition or induction of lysozyme amyloid aggregation and evaluation of their cell based cytotoxicity. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-6-30 H Ramshini, S Rostami
Aberrant protein aggregation and the formation of amyloid deposits are associated with numerous neuro- and non-neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, one potential strategy is to eliminate these deposits by halting amyloid aggregation. Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have great potential in biomedicine for various therapeutic and diagnostic purposes and also have the ability to inhibit amyloid fibrillation
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Learning effect and repeatability of stabilometric measurements: "standard" vs. usual foot placement. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-6-30 M Conti, D Tonlorenzi, M Brunelli, G Traina
The existence of a learning effect by which subjects progressively reduce body sway over the course of repetitive stabilometric measurements is currently debated. Also, the position and orientation of the feet on the platform can have a substantial influence on the outcome measurements. The aim of the present work was to assess the effect of feet positions on mean total velocity (V) of the center of
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Cerebral cortical thickness and gyrification changes in first-episode psychoses and multi-episode schizophrenia. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-6-24 A Del Casale, M C Rossi-Espagnet, A Napolitano, M Lucignani, L Bonanni, G D Kotzalidis, A Buscajoni, L Manelfi, V Perrone, I Gualtieri, R Brugnoli, E De Pisa, P Girardi, A Romano, S Ferracuti, A Bozzao, M Pompili
Cortical thickness (CT) and local gyrification index (LGI) in psychotic disorders may show modifications that relate to clinical course. This observational study aimed to analyse such variables in patients with schizophrenia, compared to healthy controls (HCs). We compared CT and LGI of 18 patients with first-episode psychosis with that of 21 with multi-episode schizophrenia and 16 HCs. CT corrected
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Combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and skin conductance to detect localized neural response to psychological stress: a pilot study. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-6-24 C Pruneti, N Vanello, M Paterni, L Landini, S Guidotti, E M Ferdeghini
This preliminary study aims at investigating the neural correlates of the stress response, intended as an emotional and cognitive response, through the description of the activation of the autonomic nervous system in a problem-solving task and central functional data; in particular, we recorded skin conductance level (SCL) and response (SCR) and observed the correlation with fMRI data.
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Sensitivity of item memory to fluency: Evidence from behavioral data and ERP old/new effects. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-6-24 D Zhang, A Nie, Y Xiao, M Li, X Zhu, M Li
Previous studies have suggested that item memory is processed based on both familiarity and recollection, and evidence can be found from behavioral as well as event-related potential (ERP) patterns. Recently, great consideration has been given to how the memory of items generated from internal and external sources differ from each other. To date, the modulation of fluency, perceptual fluency in particular
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Exosomes and alpha-synuclein within retina from autophagy to protein spreading in neurodegeneration. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-6-24 R Pinelli, M Bertelli, E Scaffidi, C L Busceti, F Biagioni, F Fornai
In the course of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as well as in multiple retinal disorders protein aggregates are described at various levels in the retina. In AMD this fills the space between retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the form of drusen, which contains amyloid and other protein aggregates along with lipids. Nonetheless, in very advanced stages of AMD, as well as in other retinal pathologies
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The exploration of a new environment leads to the modulation of gene expression for prolonged times in the rat. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-4-7 G Federighi, R Bernardi, E Baldi, C Bucherelli, R Scuri
In the present study we performed a transcriptional analysis in order to evaluate changes in gene expression induced by exploration in prolonged times. The analysis was carried out 3, 10 and 20 days after exploration. We analyzed the modulation of the expression levels of Pfn2, Casp3, Pdrg1, Pea15, Ywhaz genes which previously were found not modulated 2 days after exploration. Our data show that the
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Comparison of ependymomas and medulloblastomas located in the posterior cranial fossa: An anatomical and histopathological study. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-4-7 T Yilmaz, P Aydin Özturk, Y Turan, I Başar, B Aslanoğlu, K Aydin, I İbiloğlu, Mehmet Cudi Tuncer
Posterior fossa tumors (PFTs) include medulloblastomas, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, pilocytic astrocytomas, ependymomas, and brainstem gliomas. We evaluated patients with surgery at our clinic, comparing epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of medulloblastoma and ependymoma to identify factors that might assist preoperative diagnosis, help to develop treatment
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Measurement of drusen and their correlation with visual symptoms in patients affected by age-related macular degeneration. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-4-7 R Pinelli, M Bertelli, E Scaffidi, F Fulceri, C L Busceti, F Biagioni, F Fornai
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common retinal disorder, which became more and more prevalent in the last decades. AMD is now the most prevalent cause of blindness in the western world. The disorder is classified into two phenotypes named dry and wet AMD. This is based on the recruitment of novel blood vessels and inflammatory exudates in wet AMD. In both phenotypes, the pathological hallmark
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Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester and Oxidative Stress Caused by the Exhaustion Exercise on Endotelial Damage. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-1-20 M Akil
This study was aimed to examine the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on endothelial dysfunction in rats with exercise-induced oxidative stress. Tests were performed on male (n=32) young adult Sprague-Dawley rats (12 weeks of age). The experimental animals were divided into four groups in equal numbers. Group 1: General control group; Group 2: Swimming control group. Group 3: CAPE supplemented
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The swimming control group in spatial reference memory task: analysis of its motor cortex activity. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-1-20 S Cid-Duarte, A Gutiérrez-Menéndez, C Zorzo, J L Arias, M Méndez
Spatial reference memory in rodents is commonly performed in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). The use of control groups on this task is essential in order to subtract brain activity not related to learning. To study the functional contribution of selected brain areas, we assessed neuronal metabolic activity thorough quantitative cytochrome c oxidase histochemistry. This technique allows the measurement
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Hyperostosis frontalis interna and frontal bone thickness among various age groups - differences between males and females. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2021-1-20 M Vuković, M Vujanić, I Nosek, I Stojić, W Jakobsen, D Kozić
Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) represents an abnormality of the frontal cranial bone that is characterized by bilateral, nodular thickening of its inner lamina and may sometimes be associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms such as headaches and depression. The aim was to assess prevalence, sex and age differences of HFI and frontal bone thickness by means of MRI. This retrospective study included
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Daytime rumination as a feature of Insomnia Disorder: sleep related cognition is not merely a problem of the night. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Laura Palagini,Mauro Mauri,Tommaso Banfi,Irene Mazzei,Alessia Gronchi,Enrica Bonanni,Michelangelo Maestri,Dieter Riemann,Colleen E Carney,Liliana Dell'Osso
Night-time sleep related cognitions have been shown to play a perpetuating role in insomnia. According to the cognitive model of insomnia day time cognitions (i.e. worry, rumination, etc.) may also contribute to it. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of daytime sleep-related rumination in Insomnia Disorder (n= 55, mean age 49.7±16.7 years), Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS)
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Subjective hypnotic efficacy of Trazodone and Mirtazapine in patients with chronic insomnia: a retrospective, comparative study. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Mariantonietta Savarese,Mafalda Carnicelli,Valentina Cardinali,Maria Paola Mogavero,Francesco Federico
To compare the efficacy of two sedating antidepressants, trazodone and mirtazapine, for the treatment of chronic insomnia.
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Sleep disturbances and cognitive decline: recommendations on clinical assessment and the management. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Biancamaria Guarnieri,Gianluigi Cerroni,Sandro Sorbi
In 2004, in Genoa (Italy), the Italian Dementia Research Association (SINDem) was born. The first congress of this new scientific society took place in Rome in 2006. SINDem soon recognized the importance to investigate sleep problems in cognitive decline and created a national "sleep study group "composed by neurologists and sleep specialists. In 2012, The SINDem study group, in close relationship
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NREM sleep transient events in fronto-temporal dementia: beyond sleep stage architecture. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Michelangelo Maestri,Luca Carnicelli,Nicholas-Tiberio Economou,Anastasios Bonakis,Thomas Paparrigopoulos,Sokratis T Papageorgiou,Filippo Sean Giorgi,Elisa Di Coscio,Gloria Tognoni,Raffaele Ferri,Ubaldo Bonuccelli,Enrica Bonanni
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is increasingly becoming recognized as a major cause of early onset (<65 years) neurodegenerative dementia. Although sleep disorders significantly impair patients' and caregivers' quality of life in neurodegenerative diseases, polysomnographic data in FTD patients are scarce in literature. Aim of our study was to investigate sleep microstructure in FTD, by means of Cyclic
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Sleep disorders in menopause: results from an Italian Multicentric Study. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Monica Fabbrini,Irene AricÃ,Francesco Tramonti,Rosaria Condurso,Luca Carnicelli,Anna De Rosa,Caterina Di Perri,Maria Rosaria Bonsignore,Anna Zito,Giovanna Russo,Maria Giovanna Pagliarulo,Biancamaria Guarnieri,Gianluigi Cerroni,Gianfranco Mennuni,Giacomo Della Marca,Enrica Bonanni,Rosalia Silvestri
Menopause in the female life cycle is a special period due to important hormonal, physical and psychological changes. Sleep disruption represents a common complaint for midlife and menopausal women, related to primary sleep disorders, including insomnia, sleep disordered breathing, restless legs syndrome (RLS), mood and anxiety disorder, other medical illness, hormonal-related vasomotor symptoms, and
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Can sleep microstructure improve diagnosis of OSAS? Integrative information from CAP parameters. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Giulia Milioli,Marcello Bosi,Andrea Grassi,Silvia Riccardi,Mario Giovanni Terzano,Pietro Cortelli,Venerino Poletti,Liborio Parrino
The scoring of American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) arousal is mandatory for the definition of respiratory event-related arousal (RERA). However there are other EEG activation phenomena, such as A phases of cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) which are associated with respiratory events in non rapid eye movements (NREM) sleep. This study aims at quantifying the additional value of CAP for the definition
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Restless legs syndrome/Willis Ekbom disease: new diagnostic criteria according to different nosology. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Sara Marelli,Andrea Galbiati,Fabrizio Rinaldi,Enrico Giora,Alessandro Oldani,Luigi Ferini Strambi,Marco Zucconi
Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) is a common neurological disorder characterized by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs, with an urge to move. The symptoms typically begin or worsen during periods of rest, in particular during the evening and at night, while the activity may typically relieve them. The majority of patients complains of poor sleep. Recent studies
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The association between restless legs syndrome, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: hypotheses and evidence from the literature. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Stefano Zanigni,Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura,Giulia Giannini,Caterina Tonon,Pietro Cortelli,Federica Provini
The association between RLS and both CVRFs, such as hypertension and diabetes, and CVDs still remains elusive. Although several shared physiopathological causes could explain these possible relationships, the emerging body of literature focusing on these disorders remains controversial. The reasons for these inconsistent findings are mainly due to the different methodologies applied. First, considering
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Effect of ethylic alcohol on attentive functions involved in driving abilities. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Umberto Bivona,Sergio Garbarino,Jessica Rigon,Maria Gabriella Buzzi,Graziano Onder,Maria Matteis,Sheila Catani,Marco Giustini,Giovanni Luigi Mancardi,Rita Formisano
The burden of injuries due to drunk drivers has been estimated only indirectly. Indeed, alcohol is considered one of the most important contributing cause of car crash injuries and its effect on cognitive functions needs to be better elucidated. Aims of the study were i) to examine the effect of alcohol on attentive abilities involved while driving, and ii) to investigate whether Italian law limits
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Respiratory sleep disorders in Jeune syndrome: a case description. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Patrizia Congiu,Monica Puligheddu,Gioia Gioi,Monica Marica,Claudia Pani,Silvia Piga,Francesco Marrosu,Loredana Boccone
Jeune syndrome (JS, also described as asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, ATD) is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by a small, narrow chest and variable limb shortness with a considerable neonatal mortality as a result of respiratory distress. Significant life-threatening cervical spine abnormalities can be typical.
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Pediatric insomnia: new insights in clinical assessment and treatment options. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Oliviero Bruni,Marco Angriman
Sleep disorders in children can compromise quality of life of both children and families and chronic sleep deprivations is associated with poorer developmental outcome, overweight and behavioral disturbances. Clinicians should incorporate questions about sleep into their routine health assessment, and the assessment of insomnia should follow a medical approach primary and secondary contributing factors
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Linking Sleep Slow Oscillations with consciousness theories: new vistas on Slow Wave Sleep unconsciousness. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Angelo Gemignani,Danilo Menicucci,Marco Laurino,Andrea Piarulli,Francesca Mastorci,Laura Sebastiani,Paolo Allegrini
We review current models of consciousness in the context of wakefulness and sleep. We show that recent results on Slow Wave Sleep, including our own works, naturally fit within consciousness models. In particular, Sleep Slow Oscillations, namely low-frequency (<1Hz) oscillations, contain electrophysiological properties (up and down states) able to elicit and quench neural integration during Slow Wave
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Frequency-dependent effects of oscillatory-tDCS on EEG oscillations: a study with Better OSCillation detection method (BOSC). Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Aurora D'Atri,Elisa De Simoni,Maurizio Gorgoni,Michele Ferrara,Fabio Ferlazzo,Paolo Maria Rossini,Luigi De Gennaro
Oscillating transcranial direct current stimulation (osc-tDCS) modulates the spontaneous brain activity in a frequency-specific manner. Most studies evaluated cortical effects of osc-tDCS through spectral measures, without differentiating components associated with rhythmic and non-rhythmic activity. Since osc-tDCS mainly affects brain oscillatory activity, our aim was to investigate on the specific
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The assessment of somatosensory cortex plasticity during sleep deprivation by paired associative stimulation. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Maurizio Gorgoni,Fabio Ferlazzo,Aurora D'Atri,Giulia Lauri,Michele Ferrara,Paolo Maria Rossini,Luigi De Gennaro
Many animal studies suggest that during sleep deprivation (SD) synaptic strength should progressively increase, leading to the saturation of the ability to induce long-term potentiation (LTP). Nevertheless, direct evidences about the effects of sustained wakefulness on cortical plasticity in humans are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to assess changes in the ability to induce LTP-like
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Sleep to grow smart? Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Carina Volk,Reto Huber
Sleep is undisputable an essential part of our life, if we do not sleep enough we feel the consequences the next day. The importance of sleep for healthy brain functioning has been well studied in adults, but less is known for the role of sleep in the paediatric age. Childhood and adolescence is a critical phase for brain development. The increased need for sleep during this developmental phase fosters
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Slow cortical rhythms: from single-neuron electrophysiology to whole-brain imaging in vivo. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Umberto Olcese,Ugo Faraguna
The slow cortical oscillation is the major brain rhythm occurring during sleep, and has been the object of thorough investigation for over thirty years. Despite all these efforts, the function and the neuronal mechanisms behind slow cortical rhythms remain only partially understood. In this review we will provide an overview of the techniques available for the in vivo study of slow cortical oscillations
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High amplitude theta wave bursts: a novel electroencephalographic feature of rem sleep and cataplexy. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Viviana Carmen Lo Martire,Stefano Bastianini,Chiara Berteotti,Alessandro Silvani,Giovanna Zoccoli
High amplitude theta wave bursts (HATs) were originally described during REMS and cataplexy in ORX-deficient mice as a novel neurophysiological correlate of narcolepsy (Bastianini et al., 2012). This finding was replicated the following year by Vassalli et al. in both ORX-deficient narcoleptic mice and narcoleptic children during cataplexy episodes (Vassalli et al., 2013). The relationship between
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Wake-sleep, thermoregulatory, and autonomic effects of cholinergic activation of the lateral hypothalamus in the rat: a pilot study. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Alessia Di Cristoforo,Matteo Cerri,Flavia Del Vecchio,Timna Hitrec,Marco Luppi,Emanuele Perez,Giovanni Zamboni,Roberto Amici
A major role in the wake-promoting effects of the activation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) has been ascribed to a population of orexin (ORX)-containing neurons that send projections to central areas which regulate Wake-Sleep and autonomic function. Since, in the rat, a substantial amount of ORX neurons receive cholinergic projections from cells involved in Wake-Sleep regulation, the aim of this
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Recent developments in automatic scoring of rodent sleep. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2016-1-9 Stefano Bastianini,Chiara Berteotti,Alessandro Gabrielli,Viviana Lo Martire,Alessandro Silvani,Giovanna Zoccoli
Sleep research carried out on rat and mouse model led to the publication of more than 5000 papers in the last 15 years, of which more than 500 in 2014. Wake-sleep scoring represents a crucial step of the work performed in pre- clinical sleep laboratories; it is a time consuming task and a potential source of errors affecting research outcomes. Several algorithms have been developed to perform automatic
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Ultrastructural study of the neural microcircuits in the sensory epithelium of the paratympanic organ of the chicken. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2017-7-18 F Giannessi,L Ryskalin,R Ruffoli
The paratympanic organ (PTO) is a sensory organ located in the medial wall of the tympanic cavity of birds. The organ looks like a small tapering vesicle, and is equipped with a sensory epithelium formed by supporting cells (SCs) and Type II hair cells (Type II-HCs). The function of the PTO has not yet been precisely defined. The prevailing current hypothesis is that the PTO assesses the air pressure
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Dreamlike events are correlated with the length of sleep mentation reports. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2017-7-18 N Rosenlicht,C Primich,J R McQuaid,T Maloney,I Feinberg
We investigated the relationship between length and dreamlike quality in sleep mentation reports. Reports were obtained by waking subjects at sleep onset (SO) and at 5 and 10 minutes into the second (REMP2) and fourth REM periods (REMP4). Reports were recorded, transcribed, and scored blindly for total word count (TWC) and dreamlike quality as measured by a composite dream scale score (CDS). Dreamlike
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Aerobic exercise effects upon cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2017-7-18 D M Cammisuli,A Innocenti,F Franzoni,C Pruneti
Several studies have shown that physical activity has positive effects on cognition in healthy older adults without cognitive complains but lesser is known about the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in patients suffering from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The aim of the present study was to systematically review the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the effects of aerobic
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The proposal of a clinical protocol to assess central and peripheral fatigue in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2017-7-18 S Baldanzi,G Ricci,M Bottari,L Chico,C Simoncini,G Siciliano
DM1 is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by muscle weakness, myotonia, and multisystemic involvement. According to current literature fatigue and daytime sleepiness are among the main symptoms of DM1. Oxidative stress has been proposed to be one of the pathogenic factors of fatigue consequent to DM1. In this study, we investigated the dimensions of experienced fatigue and physiological fatigue
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Influence of physical exercise on β-amyloid, α-synuclein and tau accumulation: an in vitro model of oxidative stress in human red blood cells. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2017-7-18 C Iofrida,S Daniele,D Pietrobono,J Fusi,F Galetta,M L Trincavelli,U Bonuccelli,F Franzoni,C Martini
A common pathological feature of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases, is the abnormal accumulation and misfolding of specific proteins, primarily α-synuclein (α-syn), β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ) and tau, in brain and in peripheral tissues too. Oxidative stress has been proved to be involved in NDs at various levels and, in particular, in such protein alterations
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Lifestyle, Physical Activity and Cognitive Functions: the impact on the scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa). Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2017-7-18 A Innocenti,D M Cammisuli,D Sgromo,F Franzoni,J Fusi,F Galetta,C Pruneti
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a rapid screening tool, including subtests to assess several cognitive domains, developed to detect MCI from normal ageing cognitive changes. Several validation and normative studies have conducted around the world considering the influences of age and education on the MoCA score, but none takes into account the lifestyle and habits. However, lifestyles,
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Physical exercise and oxidative stress in muscular dystrophies: is there a good balance? Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2017-7-18 L Chico,G Ricci,M Cosci O Di Coscio,C Simoncini,G Siciliano
The effect of oxidative stress on muscle damage inducted by physical exercise is widely debated. It is generally agreed that endurance and intense exercise can increase oxidative stress and generate changes in antioxidant power inducing muscle damage; however, regular and moderate exercise can be beneficial for the health improving the antioxidant defense mechanisms in the majority of cases. Growing
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Physical Exercise Improves Total Antioxidant Capacity and Gene Expression in Rat Hippocampal Tissue. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2017-7-18 F Franzoni,G Federighi,J Fusi,V Agosta,E Cerri,R Banducci,A Petrocchi,R Bernardi,A Innocenti,C Pruneti,S Daniele,S Pellegrini,C Martini,R Scuri,F Galetta
Exercise may exert beneficial effects on cognitive functions and play an important role in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Such effects seem to be mediated by changes in anti-oxidative status, but limited information is available on the nature of molecular pathways supporting the antioxidant effects of exercise in the brain. In this study 3-5-month-old male Wistar albino rats were subjected
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Further evidence of a prolonged hypotensive and a bradycardic effect after mandibular extension in normal volunteers. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2017-3-18 C Del Seppia,S Ghione,Paola Foresi,E Fommei,D Lapi,A Colantuoni,R Scuri
We previously reported that in normotensive humans submaximal mouth opening (mandibular extension) obtained by an ad hoc dilator (spring device), associated with partial masticatory movements and prolonged for 10 minutes is followed by a long-lasting reduction of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Similar results were obtained by us in anesthetized rats. A recent independent study failed to confirm
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Injection of Toll-like receptor 4 siRNA into the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray attenuates withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats. Arch. Ital. Biol. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2017-3-18 Q F Liu,L Li,Y Q Guo,X Li,Z D Mou,X Wang,G Z Du
We assessed the role of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) region of morphine-dependent rats on attenuating withdrawal syndrome, and regulating glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), glutamic acid (Glu), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). After siRNA-mediated downregulation of TLR4, changes were observed in withdrawal behavior and downstream signaling