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Location analysis of presynaptically active and silent synapses in single-cultured hippocampal neurons Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Otoya Kitaoka, Kohei Oyabu, Kaori Kubota, Takuya Watanabe, Satoru Kondo, Teppei Matsui, Shutaro Katsurabayashi, Katsunori Iwasaki
A morphologically present but non-functioning synapse is termed a silent synapse. Silent synapses are categorized into “postsynaptically silent synapses,” where AMPA receptors are either absent or non-functional, and “presynaptically silent synapses,” where neurotransmitters cannot be released from nerve terminals. The presence of presynaptically silent synapses remains enigmatic, and their physiological
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Immunolabeling-compatible PEGASOS tissue clearing for high-resolution whole mouse brain imaging Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Pan Gao, Matthew Rivera, Xiaoxiao Lin, Todd C. Holmes, Hu Zhao, Xiangmin Xu
Novel brain clearing methods revolutionize imaging by increasing visualization throughout the brain at high resolution. However, combining the standard tool of immunostaining targets of interest with clearing methods has lagged behind. We integrate whole-mount immunostaining with PEGASOS tissue clearing, referred to as iPEGASOS (immunostaining-compatible PEGASOS), to address the challenge of signal
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Large-scale coupling of prefrontal activity patterns as a mechanism for cognitive control in health and disease: evidence from rodent models Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-04
Cognitive control of behavior is crucial for well-being, as allows subject to adapt to changing environments in a goal-directed way. Changes in cognitive control of behavior is observed during cognitive decline in elderly and in pathological mental conditions. Therefore, the recovery of cognitive control may provide a reliable preventive and therapeutic strategy. However, its neural basis is not completely
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Large-scale coupling of prefrontal activity patterns as a mechanism for cognitive control in health and disease: evidence from rodent models Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Ignacio Negrón-Oyarzo, Tatiana Dib, Lorena Chacana-Véliz, Nélida López-Quilodrán, Jocelyn Urrutia-Piñones
Cognitive control of behavior is crucial for well-being, as allows subject to adapt to changing environments in a goal-directed way. Changes in cognitive control of behavior is observed during cognitive decline in elderly and in pathological mental conditions. Therefore, the recovery of cognitive control may provide a reliable preventive and therapeutic strategy. However, its neural basis is not completely
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Agranular frontal cortical microcircuit underlying cognitive control in macaques Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Beatriz Herrera, Jeffrey D. Schall, Jorge J. Riera
The error-related negativity and an N2-component recorded over medial frontal cortex index core functions of cognitive control. While they are known to originate from agranular frontal areas, the underlying microcircuit mechanisms remain elusive. Most insights about microcircuit function have been derived from variations of the so-called canonical microcircuit model. These microcircuit architectures
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Circadian rhythm mechanism in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and its relation to the olfactory system Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Yusuke Tsuno, Michihiro Mieda
Animals need sleep, and the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the center of the circadian rhythm, plays an important role in determining the timing of sleep. The main input to the suprachiasmatic nucleus is the retinohypothalamic tract, with additional inputs from the intergeniculate leaflet pathway, the serotonergic afferent from the raphe, and other hypothalamic regions. Within the suprachiasmatic nucleus
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Olfactory information processing viewed through mitral and tufted cell-specific channels Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Tatsumi Hirata
Parallel processing is a fundamental strategy of sensory coding. Through this processing, unique and distinct features of sensations are computed and projected to the central targets. This review proposes that mitral and tufted cells, which are the second-order projection neurons in the olfactory bulb, contribute to parallel processing within the olfactory system. Based on anatomical and functional
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An operating principle of the cerebral cortex, and a cellular mechanism for attentional trial-and-error pattern learning and useful classification extraction Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Marat M. Rvachev
A feature of the brains of intelligent animals is the ability to learn to respond to an ensemble of active neuronal inputs with a behaviorally appropriate ensemble of active neuronal outputs. Previously, a hypothesis was proposed on how this mechanism is implemented at the cellular level within the neocortical pyramidal neuron: the apical tuft or perisomatic inputs initiate “guess” neuron firings,
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The ventral hippocampus is activated in olfactory but not auditory threat memory Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Tayebeh Sepahvand, Samantha J. Carew, Qi Yuan
Hippocampal networks required for associative memory formation are involved in cue- and context-dependent threat conditioning. The hippocampus is functionally heterogeneous at its dorsal and ventral poles, and recent investigations have focused on the specific roles required from each sub-region for associative conditioning. Cumulative evidence suggests that contextual and emotional information is
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Circuit formation and sensory perception in the mouse olfactory system Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Kensaku Mori, Hitoshi Sakano
In the mouse olfactory system, odor information is converted to a topographic map of activated glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (OB). Although the arrangement of glomeruli is genetically determined, the glomerular structure is plastic and can be modified by environmental stimuli. If the pups are exposed to a particular odorant, responding glomeruli become larger recruiting the dendrites of connecting
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Optimization of modularity during development to simplify walking control across multiple steps Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Elodie Hinnekens, Bastien Berret, Estelle Morard, Manh-Cuong Do, Marianne Barbu-Roth, Caroline Teulier
IntroductionWalking in adults relies on a small number of modules, reducing the number of degrees of freedom that needs to be regulated by the central nervous system (CNS). While walking in toddlers seems to also involve a small number of modules when considering averaged or single-step data, toddlers produce a high amount of variability across strides, and the extent to which this variability interacts
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I like therefore I can, and I can therefore I like: the role of self-efficacy and affect in active inference of allostasis Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Valery Krupnik
Active inference (AIF) is a theory of the behavior of information-processing open dynamic systems. It describes them as generative models (GM) generating inferences on the causes of sensory input they receive from their environment. Based on these inferences, GMs generate predictions about sensory input. The discrepancy between a prediction and the actual input results in prediction error. GMs then
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Neural basis for behavioral plasticity during the parental life-stage transition in mice Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Kazunari Miyamichi
Parental care plays a crucial role in the physical and mental well-being of mammalian offspring. Although sexually naïve male mice, as well as certain strains of female mice, display aggression toward pups, they exhibit heightened parental caregiving behaviors as they approach the time of anticipating their offspring. In this Mini Review, I provide a concise overview of the current understanding of
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Computational components of visual predictive coding circuitry Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Stewart Shipp
If a full visual percept can be said to be a ‘hypothesis’, so too can a neural ‘prediction’ – although the latter addresses one particular component of image content (such as 3-dimensional organisation, the interplay between lighting and surface colour, the future trajectory of moving objects, and so on). And, because processing is hierarchical, predictions generated at one level are conveyed in a
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The corticofugal oscillatory modulation of the cochlear receptor during auditory and visual attention is preserved in tinnitus Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Rodrigo Donoso-San Martín, Alexis Leiva, Constantino D. Dragicevic, Vicente Medel, Paul H. Delano
IntroductionThe mechanisms underlying tinnitus perception are still under research. One of the proposed hypotheses involves an alteration in top-down processing of auditory activity. Low-frequency oscillations in the delta and theta bands have been recently described in brain and cochlear infrasonic signals during selective attention paradigms in normal hearing controls. Here, we propose that the top-down
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Topological data analysis of the firings of a network of stochastic spiking neurons Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Xiaotian Bai, Chaojun Yu, Jian Zhai
Topological data analysis is becoming more and more popular in recent years. It has found various applications in many different fields, for its convenience in analyzing and understanding the structure and dynamic of complex systems. We used topological data analysis to analyze the firings of a network of stochastic spiking neurons, which can be in a sub-critical, critical, or super-critical state
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In vivo recordings in freely behaving mice using independent silicon probes targeting multiple brain regions Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Emanuel Ferreira-Fernandes, Mariana Laranjo, Tiago Reis, Bárbara Canijo, Pedro A. Ferreira, Pedro Martins, João Vilarinho, Mahmoud Tavakoli, Carolina Kunicki, João Peça
In vivo recordings in freely behaving animals are crucial to understand the neuronal circuit basis of behavior. Although current multi-channel silicon probes provide unparalleled sampling density, the study of interacting neuronal populations requires the implantation of multiple probes across different regions of the brain. Ideally, these probes should be independently adjustable, to maximize the
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Do we all synch alike? Brain–body-environment interactions in ASD Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Shlomit Beker, Sophie Molholm
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by rigidity of routines and restricted interests, and atypical social communication and interaction. Recent evidence for altered synchronization of neuro-oscillatory brain activity with regularities in the environment and of altered peripheral nervous system function in ASD present promising novel directions for studying pathophysiology and its relationship
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Cross-species conservation in the regulation of parvalbumin by perineuronal nets Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Angela S. Wang, Xinghaoyun Wan, Daria-Salina Storch, Vivian Y. Li, Gilles Cornez, Jacques Balthazart, J. Miguel Cisneros-Franco, Etienne de Villers-Sidani, Jon T. Sakata
Parvalbumin (PV) neurons play an integral role in regulating neural dynamics and plasticity. Therefore, understanding the factors that regulate PV expression is important for revealing modulators of brain function. While the contribution of PV neurons to neural processes has been studied in mammals, relatively little is known about PV function in non-mammalian species, and discerning similarities in
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The flow of axonal information among hippocampal sub-regions 2: patterned stimulation sharpens routing of information transmission Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Samuel Brandon Lassers, Yash S. Vakilna, William C. Tang, Gregory J. Brewer
The sub-regions of the hippocampal formation are essential for episodic learning and memory formation, yet the spike dynamics of each region contributing to this function are poorly understood, in part because of a lack of access to the inter-regional communicating axons. Here, we reconstructed hippocampal networks confined to four subcompartments in 2D cultures on a multi-electrode array that monitors
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An inhibitory glycinergic projection from the cochlear nucleus to the lateral superior olive Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Dennis J. Weingarten, Eva Sebastian, Jennifer Winkelhoff, Nadine Patschull-Keiner, Alexander U. Fischer, Simon L. Wadle, Eckhard Friauf, Jan J. Hirtz
Auditory brainstem neurons in the lateral superior olive (LSO) receive excitatory input from the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus (CN) and inhibitory transmission from the contralateral CN via the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). This circuit enables sound localization using interaural level differences. Early studies have observed an additional inhibitory input originating from the ipsilateral
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State-dependent modulation of positive and negative affective valences by a parabrachial nucleus-to-ventral tegmental area pathway in mice Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Takashi Nagashima, Kaori Mikami, Suguru Tohyama, Ayumu Konno, Hirokazu Hirai, Ayako M. Watabe
Appropriately responding to various sensory signals in the environment is essential for animal survival. Accordingly, animal behaviors are closely related to external and internal states, which include the positive and negative emotional values of sensory signals triggered by environmental factors. While the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) plays a key role in nociception and supports negative valences
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Editorial: Marine invertebrates: neurons, glia, and neurotransmitters. Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Tatiana N Olivares-Bañuelos,Arturo Ortega
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Acetylcholine facilitates localized synaptic potentiation and location specific feature binding Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Yihao Yang, Victoria Booth, Michal Zochowski
Forebrain acetylcholine (ACh) signaling has been shown to drive attention and learning. Recent experimental evidence of spatially and temporally constrained cholinergic signaling has sparked interest to investigate how it facilitates stimulus-induced learning. We use biophysical excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) multi-module neural network models to show that external stimuli and ACh signaling can mediate
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Editorial: GABAergic circuits in health and disease. Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Lisa Topolnik,Graziella Di Cristo,Elsa Rossignol
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GABAergic signaling in alcohol use disorder and withdrawal: pathological involvement and therapeutic potential Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Ravinder Naik Dharavath, Celeste Pina-Leblanc, Victor M. Tang, Matthew E. Sloan, Yuliya S. Nikolova, Peter Pangarov, Anthony C. Ruocco, Kevin Shield, Daphne Voineskos, Daniel M. Blumberger, Isabelle Boileau, Nikki Bozinoff, Philip Gerretsen, Erica Vieira, Osnat C. Melamed, Etienne Sibille, Lena C. Quilty, Thomas D. Prevot
Alcohol is one of the most widely used substances. Alcohol use accounts for 5.1% of the global disease burden, contributes substantially to societal and economic costs, and leads to approximately 3 million global deaths yearly. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) includes various drinking behavior patterns that lead to short-term or long-lasting effects on health. Ethanol, the main psychoactive molecule acting
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Autogenous cerebral processes: an invitation to look at the brain from inside out Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Pedro E. Maldonado, Miguel Concha-Miranda, Miriam Schwalm
While external stimulation can reliably trigger neuronal activity, cerebral processes can operate independently from the environment. In this study, we conceptualize autogenous cerebral processes (ACPs) as intrinsic operations of the brain that exist on multiple scales and can influence or shape stimulus responses, behavior, homeostasis, and the physiological state of an organism. We further propose
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Potential for host-symbiont communication via neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in an aneural animal, the marine sponge Amphimedon queenslandica Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Xueyan Xiang, Arturo A. Vilar Gomez, Simone P. Blomberg, Huifang Yuan, Bernard M. Degnan, Sandie M. Degnan
Interkingdom signalling within a holobiont allows host and symbionts to communicate and to regulate each other’s physiological and developmental states. Here we show that a suite of signalling molecules that function as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in most animals with nervous systems, specifically dopamine and trace amines, are produced exclusively by the bacterial symbionts of the demosponge
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Echinoderm radial glia in adult cell renewal, indeterminate growth, and regeneration Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Vladimir Mashanov, Soji Ademiluyi, Denis Jacob Machado, Robert Reid, Daniel Janies
Echinoderms are a phylum of marine deterostomes with a range of interesting biological features. One remarkable ability is their impressive capacity to regenerate most of their adult tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). The research community has accumulated data that demonstrates that, in spite of the pentaradial adult body plan, echinoderms share deep similarities with their bilateral
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Local and long-range GABAergic circuits in hippocampal area CA1 and their link to Alzheimer’s disease Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Melissa Hernández-Frausto, Olesia M. Bilash, Arjun V. Masurkar, Jayeeta Basu
GABAergic inhibitory neurons are the principal source of inhibition in the brain. Traditionally, their role in maintaining the balance of excitation-inhibition has been emphasized. Beyond homeostatic functions, recent circuit mapping and functional manipulation studies have revealed a wide range of specific roles that GABAergic circuits play in dynamically tilting excitation-inhibition coupling across
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Corticospinal excitability after 5-day Dry Immersion in women Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Inna Nosikova, Alexandra Riabova, Vladimir Kitov, Elena Tomilovskaya
In light of the development of manned astronautics and the increasing participation of women in space flights, the question of female body adaptation to microgravity conditions becomes relevant. Currently, one of the important directions in this issue is to study the effects of support withdrawal as a factor of weightlessness on the human sensorimotor system. Dry Immersion is one of the well-known
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Interneuron odyssey: molecular mechanisms of tangential migration Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Ikram Toudji, Asmaa Toumi, Émile Chamberland, Elsa Rossignol
Cortical GABAergic interneurons are critical components of neural networks. They provide local and long-range inhibition and help coordinate network activities involved in various brain functions, including signal processing, learning, memory and adaptative responses. Disruption of cortical GABAergic interneuron migration thus induces profound deficits in neural network organization and function, and
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Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical evidence of a colonial nervous system in hydroids Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-07 Igor A. Kosevich
BackgroundAs the sister group to all Bilateria, representatives of the phylum Cnidaria (sea anemones, corals, jellyfishes, and hydroids) possess a recognizable and well-developed nervous system and have attracted considerable attention over the years from neurobiologists and evo-devo researchers. Despite a long history of nervous system investigation in Cnidaria, most studies have been performed on
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Template MRI scans reliably approximate individual and group-level tES and TMS electric fields induced in motor and prefrontal circuits Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Jennifer Y. Cho, Sybren Van Hoornweder, Christopher T. Sege, Michael U. Antonucci, Lisa M. McTeague, Kevin A. Caulfield
BackgroundElectric field (E-field) modeling is a valuable method of elucidating the cortical target engagement from transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), but it is typically dependent on individual MRI scans. In this study, we systematically tested whether E-field models in template MNI-152 and Ernie scans can reliably approximate group-level E-fields
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Multisite rTMS combined with cognitive training modulates effective connectivity in patients with Alzheimer's disease Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Yuanyuan Qin, Li Ba, Fengxia Zhang, Si Jian, Tian Tian, Min Zhang, Wenzhen Zhu
PurposeTo investigate the effective connectivity (EC) changes after multisite repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with cognitive training (COG).MethodWe selected 51 patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and delivered 10 Hz rTMS over the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the lateral temporal lobe (LTL) combined with COG or sham stimulation for
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Editorial: Neural circuits underlying general anesthetics mediated consciousness changes. Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Cheng Zhou
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Anatomical identification of a corticocortical top-down recipient inhibitory circuitry by enhancer-restricted transsynaptic tracing Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Yusuke Atsumi, Yasuhiro Oisi, Maya Odagawa, Chie Matsubara, Yoshihito Saito, Hiroyuki Uwamori, Kenta Kobayashi, Shigeki Kato, Kazuto Kobayashi, Masanori Murayama
Despite the importance of postsynaptic inhibitory circuitry targeted by mid/long-range projections (e.g., top-down projections) in cognitive functions, its anatomical properties, such as laminar profile and neuron type, are poorly understood owing to the lack of efficient tracing methods. To this end, we developed a method that combines conventional adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated transsynaptic
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Editorial: The fruit fly, Drosophila, as a tool to unravel locomotor circuits. Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Wolfgang Stein
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Lumbar V3 interneurons provide direct excitatory synaptic input onto thoracic sympathetic preganglionic neurons, linking locomotor, and autonomic spinal systems Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Camila Chacon, Chioma V. Nwachukwu, Narjes Shahsavani, Kristine C. Cowley, Jeremy W. Chopek
Although sympathetic autonomic systems are activated in parallel with locomotion, the neural mechanisms mediating this coordination are incompletely understood. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs), primarily located in the intermediate laminae of thoracic and upper lumbar segments (T1-L2), increase activation of tissues and organs that provide homeostatic and metabolic support during movement
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Toward personalized circuit-based closed-loop brain-interventions in psychiatry: using symptom provocation to extract EEG-markers of brain circuit activity Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Brigitte Zrenner, Christoph Zrenner, Nicholas Balderston, Daniel M. Blumberger, Stefan Kloiber, Judith M. Laposa, Reza Tadayonnejad, Alisson Paulino Trevizol, Gwyneth Zai, Jamie D. Feusner
Symptom provocation is a well-established component of psychiatric research and therapy. It is hypothesized that specific activation of those brain circuits involved in the symptomatic expression of a brain pathology makes the relevant neural substrate accessible as a target for therapeutic interventions. For example, in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), symptom provocation is an
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Nourishing the brain on deep space missions: nutritional psychiatry in promoting resilience Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Nihar N. Pathare, Flavia Fayet-Moore, Jennifer A. Fogarty, Felice N. Jacka, Philip Strandwitz, Gary E. Strangman, Dorit B. Donoviel
The grueling psychological demands of a journey into deep space coupled with ever-increasing distances away from home pose a unique problem: how can we best take advantage of the benefits of fresh foods in a place that has none? Here, we consider the biggest challenges associated with our current spaceflight food system, highlight the importance of supporting optimal brain health on missions into deep
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Linking neural circuits to the mechanics of animal behavior in Drosophila larval locomotion Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Hiroshi Kohsaka
The motions that make up animal behavior arise from the interplay between neural circuits and the mechanical parts of the body. Therefore, in order to comprehend the operational mechanisms governing behavior, it is essential to examine not only the underlying neural network but also the mechanical characteristics of the animal’s body. The locomotor system of fly larvae serves as an ideal model for
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Profiling neurotransmitter-evoked glial responses by RNA-sequencing analysis Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-14 Mengxiao Wang, Margaret S. Ho
Fundamental properties of neurons and glia are distinctively different. Neurons are excitable cells that transmit information, whereas glia have long been considered as passive bystanders. Recently, the concept of tripartite synapse is proposed that glia are structurally and functionally incorporated into the synapse, the basic unit of information processing in the brains. It has then become intriguing
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Editorial: Naturalistic neuroscience - Towards a full cycle from lab to field. Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Susanne Hoffmann,M Jerome Beetz,Anna Stöckl,Karen A Mesce
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Distinctive features of the central synaptic organization of Drosophila larval proprioceptors Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Marie R. Greaney, Chris C. Wreden, Ellie S. Heckscher
Proprioceptive feedback is critically needed for locomotor control, but how this information is incorporated into central proprioceptive processing circuits remains poorly understood. Circuit organization emerges from the spatial distribution of synaptic connections between neurons. This distribution is difficult to discern in model systems where only a few cells can be probed simultaneously. Therefore
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Differential projections from the cochlear nucleus to the inferior colliculus in the mouse Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-24 David K. Ryugo, Giedre Milinkeviciute
The cochlear nucleus (CN) is often regarded as the gateway to the central auditory system because it initiates all ascending pathways. The CN consists of dorsal and ventral divisions (DCN and VCN, respectively), and whereas the DCN functions in the analysis of spectral cues, circuitry in VCN is part of the pathway focused on processing binaural information necessary for sound localization in horizontal
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Modeling orientation perception adaptation to altered gravity environments with memory of past sensorimotor states Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Aaron R. Allred, Victoria G. Kravets, Nisar Ahmed, Torin K. Clark
Transitioning between gravitational environments results in a central reinterpretation of sensory information, producing an adapted sensorimotor state suitable for motor actions and perceptions in the new environment. Critically, this central adaptation is not instantaneous, and complete adaptation may require weeks of prolonged exposure to novel environments. To mitigate risks associated with the
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Modulation of vestibular input by short-term head-down bed rest affects somatosensory perception: implications for space missions Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Roberto Gammeri, Adriana Salatino, Maria Pyasik, Emanuele Cirillo, Claudio Zavattaro, Hilary Serra, Lorenzo Pia, Donna R. Roberts, Anna Berti, Raffaella Ricci
IntroductionOn Earth, self-produced somatosensory stimuli are typically perceived as less intense than externally generated stimuli of the same intensity, a phenomenon referred to as somatosensory attenuation (SA). Although this phenomenon arises from the integration of multisensory signals, the specific contribution of the vestibular system and the sense of gravity to somatosensory cognition underlying
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Distinct topographic organization and network activity patterns of corticocollicular neurons within layer 5 auditory cortex Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Tatjana T. X. Schmitt, Kira M. A. Andrea, Simon L. Wadle, Jan J. Hirtz
The auditory cortex (AC) modulates the activity of upstream pathways in the auditory brainstem via descending (corticofugal) projections. This feedback system plays an important role in the plasticity of the auditory system by shaping response properties of neurons in many subcortical nuclei. The majority of layer (L) 5 corticofugal neurons project to the inferior colliculus (IC). This corticocollicular
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Phase relations of interneuronal activity relative to theta rhythm Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Ivan Mysin
The theta rhythm plays a crucial role in synchronizing neural activity during attention and memory processes. However, the mechanisms behind the formation of neural activity during theta rhythm generation remain unknown. To address this, we propose a mathematical model that explains the distribution of interneurons in the CA1 field during the theta rhythm phase. Our model consists of a network of seven
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Changes in synaptic inputs to dI3 INs and MNs after complete transection in adult mice Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-05 Sara Goltash, Shannon J. Stevens, Emine Topcu, Tuan V. Bui
IntroductionSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that disrupts the communication between the brain and the spinal cord. Several studies have sought to determine how to revive dormant spinal circuits caudal to the lesion to restore movements in paralyzed patients. So far, recovery levels in human patients have been modest at best. In contrast, animal models of SCI exhibit more recovery
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Ataxia-associated DNA repair genes protect the Drosophila mushroom body and locomotor function against glutamate signaling-associated damage Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-05 Ilse Eidhof, Alina Krebbers, Bart van de Warrenburg, Annette Schenck
The precise control of motor movements is of fundamental importance to all behaviors in the animal kingdom. Efficient motor behavior depends on dedicated neuronal circuits – such as those in the cerebellum – that are controlled by extensive genetic programs. Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCAs) provide a valuable entry point into how interactions between genetic programs maintain cerebellar
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CaMKIIα neurons in the anterior insular cortex regulate attention behavior in mice Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Yingping Ma, Shaofei Jiang, Xin Zhao, Shen Li, Liping Chen, Zhe Zhao, Wei Shen, Yan Wu, Haitao Wu
IntroductionThe insular cortex is involved in multiple physiological processes including working memory, pain, emotion, and interoceptive functions. Previous studies have indicated that the anterior insular cortex (aIC) also mediates interoceptive attention in humans. However, the exact cellular and physiological function of the aIC in the regulation of this process is still elusive.MethodsIn this
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Neural circuit and synaptic dysfunctions in ALS-FTD pathology Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Santiago Mora, Ilary Allodi
Action selection is a capital feature of cognition that guides behavior in processes that range from motor patterns to executive functions. Here, the ongoing actions need to be monitored and adjusted in response to sensory stimuli to increase the chances of reaching the goal. As higher hierarchical processes, these functions rely on complex neural circuits, and connective loops found within the brain
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A deep network-based model of hippocampal memory functions under normal and Alzheimer’s disease conditions Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-21 Tamizharasan Kanagamani, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy, Balaraman Ravindran, Ramshekhar N. Menon
We present a deep network-based model of the associative memory functions of the hippocampus. The proposed network architecture has two key modules: (1) an autoencoder module which represents the forward and backward projections of the cortico-hippocampal projections and (2) a module that computes familiarity of the stimulus and implements hill-climbing over the familiarity which represents the dynamics
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The volatile anesthetic isoflurane differentially inhibits voltage-gated sodium channel currents between pyramidal and parvalbumin neurons in the prefrontal cortex Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Jingxuan Qiu, Yaoxin Yang, Jin Liu, Wenling Zhao, Qian Li, Tao Zhu, Peng Liang, Cheng Zhou
BackgroundHow volatile anesthetics work remains poorly understood. Modulations of synaptic neurotransmission are the direct cellular mechanisms of volatile anesthetics in the central nervous system. Volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane may reduce neuronal interaction by differentially inhibiting neurotransmission between GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses. Presynaptic voltage-dependent sodium
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Pharmacological and non-pharmacological countermeasures to Space Motion Sickness: a systematic review Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Akil Khalid, Pragnya P. Prusty, Iqra Arshad, Hannah E. Gustafson, Isra Jalaly, Keith Nockels, Barry L. Bentley, Rahul Goel, Elisa R. Ferrè
IntroductionSpace Motion Sickness (SMS) is a syndrome that affects around 70% of astronauts and includes symptoms of nausea, dizziness, fatigue, vertigo, headaches, vomiting, and cold sweating. Consequences range from discomfort to severe sensorimotor and cognitive incapacitation, which might cause potential problems for mission-critical tasks and astronauts and cosmonauts' well-being. Both pharmacological
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Dorsal striatum c-Fos activity in perseverative ephrin-A2A5−/− mice and the cellular effect of low-intensity rTMS Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-15 Maitri Tomar, Jennifer Rodger, Jessica Moretti
IntroductionOverreliance on habit is linked with disorders, such as drug addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and there is increasing interest in the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to alter neuronal activity in the relevant pathways and for therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we researched the brains of ephrin-A2A5−/− mice, which previously showed perseverative
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The interconnection and function of associative memory neurons are upregulated for memory strengthening Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-15 Jia-Yi Li, Yang Xu, Dan-Gui Wang, Jin-Hui Wang
Memories associated to signals have been proven to rely on the recruitment of associative memory neurons that are featured by mutual synapse innervations among cross-modal cortices. Whether the consolidation of associative memory is endorsed by the upregulation of associative memory neurons in an intramodal cortex remains to be examined. The function and interconnection of associative memory neurons
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mEMbrain: an interactive deep learning MATLAB tool for connectomic segmentation on commodity desktops Front. Neural Circuits (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-15 Elisa C. Pavarino, Emma Yang, Nagaraju Dhanyasi, Mona D. Wang, Flavie Bidel, Xiaotang Lu, Fuming Yang, Core Francisco Park, Mukesh Bangalore Renuka, Brandon Drescher, Aravinthan D. T. Samuel, Binyamin Hochner, Paul S. Katz, Mei Zhen, Jeff W. Lichtman, Yaron Meirovitch
Connectomics is fundamental in propelling our understanding of the nervous system's organization, unearthing cells and wiring diagrams reconstructed from volume electron microscopy (EM) datasets. Such reconstructions, on the one hand, have benefited from ever more precise automatic segmentation methods, which leverage sophisticated deep learning architectures and advanced machine learning algorithms