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An international factorial vignette-based survey of intubation decisions in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-04-21 Christopher J Yarnell, Arviy Paranthaman, Peter Reardon, Federico Angriman, Thiago Bassi, Giacomo Bellani, Laurent Brochard, Harm Jan De Grooth, Laura Dragoi, Syafruddin Gaus, Paul Glover, Ewan C Goligher, Kimberley Lewis, Baoli Li, Hashim Kareemi, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Sangeeta Mehta, Ricard Mellado-Artigas, Julie Moore, Idunn Morris, Georgiana Roman-Sarita, Tai Pham, Jariya Sereeyotin
Purpose Intubation is a common procedure in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF), with minimal evidence to guide decision-making. We conducted a survey of when to intubate patients with AHRF to measure the influence of clinical variables on intubation decision-making and quantify variability.
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Short-term stability of diluted treprostinil sodium for subcutaneous administration medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Margaret R. Sketch, Daniel Sauerstrom, Allison Marie Lange, Jane Hall Diehl
Background The Remunity Pump for Remodulin (treprostinil) Injection is an infusion system indicated for use with subcutaneous treprostinil.
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Impact of remote-monitored home non-invasive ventilation on patient outcomes: a retrospective cohort study medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Charlotte Levey, Maureen Manthe, Anna Taylor, Maryam Sahibqran, Eve Walker, Grace McDowell, Eric Livingston, Adam V. Benjafield, Chris Carlin
Introduction Use of home non-invasive ventilation (NIV) to treat persistent hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) effectively reduces readmission rates and mortality compared with standard therapy. Traditional workflows around the initiation and management of NIV include elective admission for therapy initiation and frequent face-to-face
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Temporo-spatial cellular atlas of the regenerating alveolar niche in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Praveen Weeratunga, Bethany Hunter, Martin Sergeant, Joshua Bull, Colin Clelland, Laura Denney, Chaitanya Vuppusetty, Rachel Burgoyne, Jeongmin Woo, Tian Hu, Lee Borthwick, James Shaw, Agne Antanaciuvete, Andrew Filby, Helen Byrne, Andrew Fisher, Ling-Pei Ho
Healthy repair of the alveoli requires alveolar stem cells to differentiate into cells designed for gas exchange. In chronic lung fibrotic disease like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), alveolar epithelial cells regenerate abnormally. The cause of this is unknown but its highly cellular, inflamed and structurally altered regenerating niche is likely to be relevant. Here, in unique sets of human
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REAL TIME MONITORING OF RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS IN COHORT STUDIES USING A SMARTPHONE APP medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-04-05 David G Hancock, Elizabeth Kicic-Starcevich, Thijs Sondag, Rael Rivers, Kate McGee, Yuliya V Karpievitch, Nina D’Vaz, Patricia Agudelo-Romero, Jose A Caparros-Martin, Thomas Iosifidis, Anthony Kicic, Stephen M Stick
Background and Objectives Cohort studies investigating respiratory disease pathogenesis aim to pair mechanistic investigations with longitudinal virus detection but are limited by the burden of methods tracking illness over time. In this study, we explored the utility of a smartphone app to robustly identify symptomatic respiratory illnesses, while reducing burden and facilitating real-time data collection
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COPD with elevated sputum group 2 innate lymphoid cells is characterized by severe disease medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Cameron H. Flayer, Angela L. Linderholm, Moyar Q. Ge, Maya Juarez, Lisa Franzi, Tina Tham, Melissa Teuber, Shu-Yi Liao, Michael Schivo, Brooks Kuhn, Amir Zeki, Angela Haczku
Rationale Pulmonary innate immune cells play a central role in the initiation and perpetuation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however the precise mechanisms that orchestrate the development and severity of COPD are poorly understood.
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Abnormally high exertional breathlessness predicts mortality in people referred for incremental cycle exercise testing medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Viktor Elmberg, Xingwu Zhou, Thomas Lindow, Kristofer Hedman, Andrei Malinovschi, Hayley Lewthwaite, Dennis Jensen, Lars Brudin, Magnus Ekström
Background Exertional breathlessness is a key symptom in cardiorespiratory disease and can be quantified using incremental exercise testing (IET), but its prognostic significance is unknown.
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Towards automatic home-based sleep apnea estimation using deep learning medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Gabriela Retamales, Marino Gavidia, Ben Bausch, Arthur Montanari, Andreas Husch, Jorge Goncalves
Apnea and hypopnea are common sleep disorders characterized by complete or partial obstructions of the airways, respectively. A sleep study, also known as polysomnography (PSG), is typically used to compute the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), the number of times a person has apnea or certain types of hypopnea per hour of sleep. AHI is then used to diagnose the severity of the sleep disorder. Early detection
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Supporting Respiratory Epithelia and Lowering Inflammation to Effectively Treat Common Cold Symptoms: a Randomized Controlled Trial medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Pavel Pugach, Nazlie Latefi
Common cold viruses are leading triggers of asthma attacks, causing nearly two million hospitalizations per year and productivity losses approaching $40B. They also increase susceptibility to bacterial infections driving antibiotic use. Post-market clinical studies have questioned the efficacy of most over the counter (OTC) cough and cold ingredients against placebo in treating various symptoms. To
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Computational Deconvolution of Cell Type-Specific Gene Expression in COPD and IPF Lungs Reveals Disease Severity Associations medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Min Hyung Ryu, Jeong H Yun, Kangjin Kim, Michele Gentili, Auyon Ghosh, Frank Sciurba, Andrew Limper, Gerard Criner, Kevin K Brown, Robert Wise, Fernando J Martinez, Kevin R Flaherty, Michael H Cho, Peter J Castaldi, Dawn L DeMeo, Edwin K Silverman, Craig P Hersh, Jarrett D Morrow
Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are debilitating diseases associated with divergent histopathological changes in the lungs. At present, due to cost and technical limitations, profiling cell types is not practical in large epidemiology cohorts (n>1000). Here, we used computational deconvolution to identify cell types in COPD and IPF lungs
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Similar effect of lidocaine and saline on ciliary beating of nasal epithelial cells in vitro medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Sibel T Savas, Stefan A. Tschanz, Philipp Latzin, Carmen Casaulta, Loretta Muller
Rationale: Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare genetic disease affecting ciliary motility and causing respiratory symptoms. Diagnosis can be done by high-speed-videomicroscopy using nasal epithelial cells (NECs) obtained via brushings. This procedure can be painful, especially for children. The use of lidocaine is proposed to reduce this pain; however, it is not clear whether lidocaine changes ciliary
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Automated Detection of Sleep Apnea Using Machine Learning: A Novel Approach Using Smartphone and Microphone for Breathing Sound Analysis medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-24 Om Bhatt
In this study, we evaluate the accuracy of a novel setup in the detection of apneas and hypopneas and estimating the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). The study device setup consists of a microphone placed underneath the nose and a smartphone to collect the data. We recruited patients who were referred to the St. Josephs Hamilton Sleep Clinic for a sleep study. Data from our study device is collected simultaneously
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Beveled shaped axial oxygenator with improved hemodynamics medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Benedikt Franke, Leonid Goubergrits
Oxygenators are a lifesaving technology used for blood oxygenation and decarboxylation in case of acute respiratory failure, chronic lung disease, and during open-heart surgery. Devices typically consist of a bundle of thousands of fiber membranes in a housing, with gas flowing inside the fibers and blood flowing in the opposite direction outside the fibers. Both ends of the fiber membranes are attached
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At-home validation of remote breathing monitoring: A proof-of-concept for long-term care of respiratory patients using a non-contact, radar-based biomotion sensor medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Tobit Fischer, Torsten Eggert, Alina Wildenauer, Sarah Dietz-Terjung, Rainer Voisard, Christoph Schoebel
Purpose Long-term monitoring of respiratory rate (RR) is promising for the management of chronic conditions. Research interest is particularly high in chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), especially for predicting acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term validity of a recent non-contact biomotion sensor in the home environment of CRD patients
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Role of the complement system in Long COVID medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Vadim Farztdinov, Boris Zuehlke, Franziska Sotzny, Fridolin Steinbeis, Martina Seifert, Claudia Kedor, Kirsten Wittke, Pinkus Tober-Lau, Kathrin Textoris-Taube, Daniela Ludwig, Clemens Dierks, Dominik Bierbaum, Leif Erik Sander, Leif Gunnar Hanitsch, Martin Witzenrath, Florian Kurth, Michael Muelleder, Carmen Scheibenbogen, Markus Ralser
Long COVID, or Post-Acute COVID Syndrome (PACS), may develop following SARS-CoV-2 infection, posing a substantial burden to society. Recently, PACS has been linked to a persistent activation of the complement system (CS), offering hope for both a diagnostic tool and targeted therapy. However, our findings indicate that, after adjusting proteomics data for age, body mass index and sex imbalances, the
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Real-world impact of Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor treatment in young people with Cystic Fibrosis: A longitudinal study medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Gary J Connett, Scott Maguire, Tom C Larcombe, Naomi Scanlan, Supriya S Shinde, Thilini Muthukumarana, Amanda Bevan, Ruth H Keogh, Julian P Legg
Introduction: Elexacaftor, Tezacaftor, Ivacaftor (ETI) became available in the UK in August 2020 to treat people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) aged > 12 years. We report a real-world study of clinical outcomes in young people treated with ETI at our CF centre within the first two years of its availability. Methods: Participants aged 12 to 17 were identified within our clinic, with demographic data supplemented
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Quantifying Oxygen Demand by Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 at a Large Safety-Net Hospital Using Multiple Methodologies medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Sky Vanderburg, Tyler Law, Priya B. Shete, Elisabeth D. Riviello, Carolyn M. Hendrickson, Gregory D. Burns, Vivek Jain, Michael S. Lipnick
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many facilities worldwide struggled to forecast oxygen demand, which often exceeded oxygen supply to the detriment of patient care. Accurate estimates of oxygen demand by patients with COVID-19 are scarce, and proposed estimation methods have not been fully evaluated or implemented. To address this knowledge gap, oxygen demand by COVID-19 patients was calculated
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Long-Term Clinical and Sustained REMIssion in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma treated with Mepolizumab: The REMI-M study medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Claudia Crimi, Santi Nolasco, Alberto Noto, Angelantonio Maglio, Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta, Danilo Di Bona, Giulia Scioscia, Francesco Papia, Maria Filomena Caiaffa, Cecilia Calabrese, Maria D'Amato, Corrado Pelaia, Raffaele Campisi, Carolina Vitale, Luigi Ciampo, Silvano Dragonieri, Elena Minenna, Federica Massaro, Lorena Gallotti, Luigi Macchia, Massimo Triggiani, Nicola Scichilone, Giuseppe Valenti
Background: Biological therapies, such as mepolizumab, have transformed the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma. While mepolizumab's short-term effectiveness is established, there is limited evidence on its ability to achieve long-term clinical remission. Objective: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of mepolizumab, explore its potential to induce clinical and sustained remission
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Proteogenomic analysis of air-pollution-associated lung cancer reveals prevention and therapeutic opportunities medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Honglei Zhang, Chao Liu, Shuting Wang, Qing Wang, Xu Feng, Huawei Jiang, Yong Zhang, Xiaosan Su, Gaofeng Li
Air pollution significantly impact lung cancer progression, but there is a lack of a comprehensive molecular characterization of clinical samples associated with air pollution. Here, we performed a proteogenomic analysis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in 169 female never-smokers from the Xuanwei area (XWLC cohort), where coal smoke is the primary contributor to the high lung cancer incidence. Genomic
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Development and Validation of an Asthma Policy Model for Canada:Lifetime Exposures and Asthma outcomes Projection (LEAP) medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Tae Yoon Lee, John Petkau, Kate M Johnson, Stuart Turvey, Amin Adibi, Padmaja Subbarao, Mohsen Sadatsafavi
Purpose: To develop Lifetime Exposures and Asthma outcomes Projection (LEAP), a reference policy model for evaluating health outcomes and costs of asthma interventions and policies for the Canadian population. Methods: Following the best practice guidelines for development, we first created a conceptual map with a steering committee of clinician experts and economic modelers through a modified Delphi-process
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Influence of frailty on cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Study Protocol for a multicentre European observational study. medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Alessia Verduri, Enrico Clini, Ben Carter, Jonathan Hewitt
Background Frailty is a clinical state that increases susceptibility to minor stressor events. The risk of frailty is higher in chronic conditions, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Recent studies on COPD have shown that patients living with frailty have an increased risk of mortality. The presence of cardiovascular diseases or conditions are common in COPD and may increase the
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Increased luminal area of large conducting airways in patients with COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 A retrospective case-control study medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Solomiia Zaremba, Alex J Miller, Erik A Ovrom, Jonathon W Senefeld, Chad C Wiggins, Paolo B Dominelli, Ravindra Ganesh, Ryan T Hurt, Brian J Bartholmai, Brian T Welch, Juan G Ripoll, Michael J Joyner, Andrew H Ramsook
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) is associated with enlarged luminal areas of large conducting airways. In 10—30% of patients with acute COVID–19 infection, symptoms persist for more than 4 weeks (referred to as post–acute sequelae of COVID–19, or PASC), and it is unknown if airway changes are associated with this persistence. Thus, we aim to investigate if luminal area of large conducting
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Single cell sequencing reveals cellular landscape alterations in the airway mucosa of patients with pulmonary long COVID medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Firoozeh V.Gerayeli, Hye Yun Park, Stephen Milne, Xuan Li, Chen Xi Yang, Josie Tuong, Rachel Eddy, Elizabeth Guinto, Chung Y Cheung, Julia Shun-Wei Yang, Cassie Gilchrist, Dina Yehia, Tara Stach, Tawimas Shaipanich, Jonathon Leipsic, Graeme Koelwyn, Janice Leung, Don D Sin
To elucidate the important cellular and molecular drivers of pulmonary long COVID, we generated a single-cell transcriptomic map of the airway mucosa using bronchial brushings from patients with long COVID who reported persistent pulmonary symptoms. Adults with and without long COVID were recruited from the general community in greater Vancouver, Canada. The cohort was divided into those with pulmonary
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Post Tuberculosis (TB) Bronchiectasis versus Non-TB Bronchiectasis in Northern Pakistan: A single centre retrospective cohort study on frequency, demographics, microbiology, and complications medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Anbesan Hoole, Ahsan Ilyas, Matthew Cant, Sunaina Munawar, Rizwan Hameed, Shahzad Gill, Joel Riaz, Issac Siddiq
Introduction While Post Tuberculous (TB) Bronchiectasis is the most common cause of Bronchiectasis in South Asia, there has been little research into its microbiology and clinical characteristics in Pakistan. This single centre retrospective cohort study at Bach Christian Hospital (BCH) in rural Northern Pakistan seeks to address this issue. Methods Demographic, Imaging, Aetiological and Microbiological
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STUDY ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON SLEEP APNEA IN A SAMPLE OF SYRIAN SOCIETY medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-18 Deena Osama Al Chaar, mudar Al Chaar, hussam Al bardan, Adele Al Chaar
Background To explore whether the use of cigarettes affects the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. Methods A questionnaire-based cross- sectional study was conducted among 233 participants. The questionnaire link was published on November 13, 2023 on social media sites and the Internet.The adults were divided into four groups: noncurrent smokers, current electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette)
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Anti-inflammatory effects of oral prednisolone at stable state in people treated with mepolizumab: a proteomic and bulk transcriptomics analysis medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Imran Howell, Freda Yang, Vanessa Brown, Jennifer Cane, Emanuele Marchi, Adnan Azim, John Busby, Pamela Jane McDowell, Sarah Diver, Catherine Borg, Liam Heaney, Ian Pavord, Chris Brightling, Rekha Chaudhuri, Timothy SC Hinks
Mepolizumab is an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody treatment for severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) that reduces asthma exacerbations. Residual airway inflammation on mepolizumab may lead to persistent exacerbations. Oral corticosteroids have broad anti-inflammatory effects and remain the main treatment for these residual exacerbations. Our study aimed to explore the nature and corticosteroid-responsiveness
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Clinical and economic burden of lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in Germany medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Caroline Beese, Lea Bayer, Bennet Huebbe, Jennifer Riedel, Sima Melnik, Gordon Brestrich, Christof Von Eiff, Tobias Tenenbaum
Background: Clinical and economic burden of infections due to respiratory syntactical virus (RSV) in children <2 years of age in Germany is still underestimated. Methods: In a retrospective health claims analysis, we identified RSV inpatient and outpatient episodes based on year-round specific RSV ICD-10 diagnoses or unspecified lower respiratory tract infection diagnoses during the RSV-season. High-risk
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Harnessing Deep Learning to Detect Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome from Chest CT medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Mateusz Kozinski, Doruk Oner, Jakub Gwizdala, Catherine Beigelman, Pascal Fua, Angela Koutsokera, Alessio Casutt, Michele De Palma, john-david Aubert, Horst Bischof, Christophe von Garnier, Sahand Rahi, Martin Urschler, Nahal Mansouri
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS), a fibrotic airway disease following lung transplantation, conventionally relies on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) for diagnosis due to limitations of CT images. Thus far, deep neural networks (DNNs) have not been used for BOS detection. We optimized a DNN for detection of BOS solely using CT scans by integrating an innovative co-training method for enhanced
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Racial and ethnic associations with interstitial lung disease and healthcare utilization in patients with systemic sclerosis medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-03 Ann-Marcia Comfort Tukpah, Jonathan Rose, Diane Seger, Gary Matt Hunninghake, David W Bates
Rationale: Racial and ethnic differences in presentation and outcomes have been reported in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and SSc-interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, diverse cohorts and additional modeling can improve understanding of risk features and outcomes, which is important for reducing associated disparities. Objective(s): To determine if there are racial/ethnic differences associated with
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Neighborhood Disadvantage Association with Sleep Apnea and Longitudinal Cardiovascular Events in a Large Clinical Cohort medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-03 Cinthya Pena-Orbea, David Bruckman, Jarrod E. Dalton, J Darryl Thornton, Jay L Alberts, Catherine M Heinzinger, Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, Reena Mehra
Background The association between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and poor cardiovascular outcomes is well established; however, less is known about its interplay with obstructive sleep apnea. Methods Adult cardiovascular disease-naïve patients who underwent sleep testing at Cleveland Clinic in Ohio from August of 1998 to August of 2021 were included in this cohort. The primary exposure was
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CARDIORESPIRATORY DYNAMICS DURING PRONE POSITIONING FOR SEVERE ARDS: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Andrew Barros, Seung Wook Lee, J Randall Moorman
Objectives To elucidate the changes in cardiorespiratory dynamics during neuromuscular blockade and prone positioning and determine the associations between changes in cardiorespiratory dynamics following prone positioning and mortality. Design Single center retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to the medical ICU between June 1, 2020 and September 1, 2022 who received prone positioning while
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Disentangling Predictors of COPD Mortality with Probabilistic Graphical Models medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Tyler C. Lovelace, Min Hyung Ryu, Minxue Jia, Peter Castaldi, Frank C Sciurba, Craig P. Hersh, Panayiotis Benos
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of mortality. Predicting mortality risk in COPD patients can be important for disease management strategies. Although scores for all-cause mortality have been developed previously, there is limited research on factors that may directly affect COPD-specific mortality. We used probabilistic (causal) graphs to analyze clinical baseline COPDGene
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A systematic review of multi-variate time series approaches to extract predictive asthma biomarkers from routinely collected diary data medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Franz Aaron Clemeno, Matthew Richardson, Salman Siddiqui
Objectives: Longitudinal data is commonly acquired in asthma studies, to help assess asthma progression in patients, and to determine predictors of future outcomes, including asthma exacerbations and asthma control. Different methods exist for quantifying temporal behaviour in routinely collected diary variables to obtain meaningful predictive biomarkers of asthma outcomes. The aims of this systematic
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Labored breathing pattern: an unmeasured dimension of respiratory pathophysiology medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-28 Valerie E Cyphers, Swet M Patel, Brendan D McNamara, William B Ashe, Sarah J Ratcliffe, Joseph Randall Moorman, Jessica Keim-Malpass, Shrirang Mukund Gadrey, Sherry L Kausch
Introduction: Respiratory failure is a common organ failure syndrome in hospitalized patients1. Vital sign monitoring (like respiratory rate & oximetry) is a necessary aspect of risk stratification, but it is not sufficient. In one study of hospitalized patients, 46% of the patients had no significant vital sign change in the 24 hours before an unplanned intubation2. Therefore, clinicians must also
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October 2018 – December 2023 time-series analysis of pediatric RSV immunizations and RSV-associated hospitalizations medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Brianna M. Goodwin Cartwright, Samuel Gratzl, Patricia J Rodriguez, Charlotte Baker, Nick Stucky
This study describes two population under age two 1) who received an RSV immunization and 2) experienced RSV-associated hospitalizations since 2018. Results show low uptake of the RSV immunization. RSV-associated hospitalizations exhibited earlier and higher peaks in the 2021/22 and 2022/23 seasons compared to previous years.
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Neutrophil extracellular trap formation linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis severity and survival medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Scott M. Matson, Linh T. Ngo, Yui Sugawara, Veani Fernando, Claudia Lugo, Imaan Azeem, Alexis Harrison, Alex Alsup, Emily Nissen, Devin Koestler, Michael P. Washburn, Michaella J. Rekowski, Paul J. Wolters, Joyce S. Lee, Joshua J. Solomon, M. Kristen Demoruelle
Rationale Neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are associated with worse outcomes; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation is associated with worse outcomes in several chronic lung diseases however, there is an unknown role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Blood Cholesterol and Triglycerides Associate with Right Ventricular Function in Pulmonary Hypertension medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Battoul Fakhry, Laura Peterson, Suzy A.A. Comhair, Jacqueline Sharp, Margaret Park, W. H. Wilson Tang, Donald R. Neumann, Frank P. DiFilippo, Samar Farha, Serpil C. Erzurum, Anny Mulya
Background: Blood lipids are dysregulated in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Lower high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C) are associated with disease severity and death in PH. Right ventricle (RV) dysfunction and failure are the major determinants of morbidity and mortality in PH. This study aims to test the hypothesis that dyslipidemia is associated
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Diagnosis in children with prolonged or recurrent cough: findings from the Swiss Paediatric Airway Cohort medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Maria Christina Mallet, Annina Elmiger, Sarah Glick, Tayisiya Krasnova, Carmen CM de Jong, Barbara Kern, Alexander Moeller, Nicolas Regamey, Oliver Sutter, Jakob Usemann, SPAC Study Team, Eva SL Pedersen, Claudia E. Kuehni
Introduction: Prolonged or recurrent cough is a common reason for referral to pediatric pulmonologists, yet few studies have assessed its causes. We examined records of children visiting respiratory outpatient clinics in Switzerland and assessed how diagnoses vary by age. Methods: We analyzed data from the multicenter Swiss Paediatric Airway Cohort study. We included 363 children (median age 6 years
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Diagnostic utility of in vivo expressed mycobacterial RNA transcripts in pleural fluid for the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Prabhdeep Kaur, Sumedha Sharma, Sudhanshu Abhishek Sinha, Ashutosh N. Aggarwal, Khushpreet Kaur, Rakesh Yadav, Sunil Sethi, Amanjit Bal, Indu Verma
Background Tuberculous pleuritis (TBP), the extra-pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis, is the second most common after TB lymphadenitis. Histopathology using biopsy samples is the most sensitive diagnostic procedure for TBP, however the biopsy acquisition is invasive. Therefore, better screening markers for diagnosis using pleural fluid are required. The pathogen biomarkers expressed at the site
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JOINT CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR SUBTYPING OF COPD WITH VARIATIONAL AUTOENCODERS medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Enrico Maiorino, Margherita De Marzio, Zhonghui Xu, Jeong Yun, Rob Chase, Craig P Hersh, Scott Weiss, Edwin Silverman, Peter Castaldi, Kimberly Glass
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a complex, heterogeneous disease. Traditional subtyping methods generally focus on either the clinical manifestations or the molecular endotypes of the disease, resulting in domain-specific classifications that may not capture its full complexity. Here, we introduce an integrative approach based on variational autoencoders to integrate clinical and blood
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Priorities and barriers for research related to primary ciliary dyskinesia medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Myrofora Goutaki, Yin Ting Lam, Bruna Rubbo, James D Chalmers, Panayiotis Kouis, Gemma Marsh, Jean-Francois Papon, Johanna Raidt, Phil Robinson, Laura Behan, Jane S Lucas
Background: Despite advances in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) research, many questions remain; diagnosis is complex and no disease specific therapies exist. Using a mixed-methods approach, we aimed to identify priorities for clinical and epidemiological research and explore barriers to research. Methods: To obtain rich, relevant, diverse data, we performed in-depth semi-structured interviews with
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Assessing Causal Relationships Between Diabetes Mellitus and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Samuel Moss, Cosetta Minelli, Olivia Leavy, Richard Allen, Nick Oliver, Louise Wain, Gisli Jenkins, Iain Stewart
Rationale Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a disease of progressive lung scarring. There is a known association between IPF and diabetes mellitus (DM), but it is unclear whether this association is due to causal relationships between these traits.
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Diagnosis and Severity Assessment of COPD using a Novel Fast-Response Capnometer And Interpretable Machine Learning medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Leeran Talker, Cihan Dogan, Daniel Neville, Rui Hen Lim, Henry Broomfield, Gabriel Lambert, Ahmed B Selim, Thomas Brown, Laura Wiffen, Julian C Carter, Helen F Ashdown, Gail Hayward, Elango Vijaykumar, Scott T Weiss, Anoop Chauhan, Ameera X Patel
Introduction Spirometry is the gold standard for COPD diagnosis and severity determination, but is technique-dependent, non-specific, and requires administration by a trained healthcare professional. There is a need for a fast, reliable, and precise alternative diagnostic test. This study's aim was to use interpretable machine learning to diagnose COPD and assess severity using 75-second carbon dioxide
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Age- and disease severity-associated changes in the nasopharyngeal microbiota of COVID-19 patients medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Fernando Pérez-Sanz, Sylwia D. Tyrkalska, Carmen Álvarez-Santacruz, Antonio Moreno-Docón, Victoriano Mulero, María L. Cayuela, Sergio Candel
Dysbiosis has been linked to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. Although dozens of publications have associated changes in the nasopharyngeal microbiota to patient’s susceptibility to COVID-19, results from these studies are highly variable and contradictory in many cases. Addressing the limitations in previous research responsible for that variability, this study uses 16S rRNA gene sequencing
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Deep immune profiling of chronic rhinosinusitis in allergic and non-allergic cohorts using mass cytometry medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Fana Alem Kidane, Lena Müller, Marianne Rocha-Hasler, Aldine Tu, Victoria Stanek, Nicholas Campion, Tina Bartosik, Mohammed Zghaebi, Slagjana Stoshikj, Daniela Gompelmann, Andreas Spittler, Marco Idzko, Sven Schneider, Julia Eckl-Dorna
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by persistent nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa inflammation. It comprises two phenotypes, namely CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP). CRSwNP can be associated with asthma and hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in a syndrome known as NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD). Furthermore, CRS
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Single-cell analysis of bronchoalveolar cells in inflammatory and fibrotic post-COVID lung disease medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Puja Mehta, Blanca Sanz-Magallon Duque de Estrada, Emma K Denneny, Kane Foster, Carolin T Turner, Andreas Mayer, Martina Milighetti, Manuela Plate, Kaylee B Worlock, Masahiro Yoshida, Jeremy S Brown, Marko Z Nikolic, Benjamin M Chain, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Rachel C Chambers, Joanna C Porter, Gillian S Tomlinson
Background: Persistent radiological lung abnormalities are evident in many survivors of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Consolidation and ground glass opacities are interpreted to indicate subacute inflammation whereas reticulation is thought to reflect fibrosis. We sought to identify differences at molecular and cellular level, in the local immunopathology of post-COVID inflammation and
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Comparative transcriptomic analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with non-pneumonia and severe pneumonia at 1 year-Long-COVID-19 medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Ozgecan Kayalar, Pelin Duru Cetinkaya, Vahap Eldem, Serap Argun Baris, Nurdan Koktürk, Selim Can Kuralay, Hadi Rajabi, Nur Konyalilar, Deniz Mortazavi, Seval Kubra Korkunc, Sinem Erkan, Gizem Tuşe Aksoy, Gul Eyikudamaci, Pelin Pinar Deniz, Oya Baydar Toprak, Pinar Yildiz Gulhan, Gulseren Sagcan, Neslihan Kose, Aysegul Tomruk Erdem, Fusun Fakili, Onder Ozturk, Ilknur Basyigit, Hasim Boyaci, Emel Azak
Long-COVID-19 manifests as a multisystemic condition with varied symptoms lingering beyond three weeks of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, though its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Aiming to decipher the long-term molecular impacts of COVID-19, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis on PBMCs from 1-year post-covid patients, including individuals without pneumonia (NP, n=10), those with severe pneumonia
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Identifying low-dimensional trajectories of mechanically-ventilated patient systems: Empirical phenotypes of joint patient+care processes to enhance temporal analysis in ARDS research medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-15 J.N. Stroh, Peter D. Sottile, Yanran Wang, Bradford J. Smith, Tellen D. Bennett, Marc Moss, David J. Albers
Mechanically ventilated patients generate waveform data that corresponds to patient interaction with unnatural forcing. This breath information includes both patient and apparatus sources, imbuing data with broad heterogeneity resulting from ventilator settings, patient efforts, patient-ventilator dyssynchronies, injuries, and other clinical therapies. Lung-protective ventilator settings outlined in
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Non-generalizability of biomarkers for mortality in SARS-CoV-2: a meta-analyses series medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-12 ME Rahman Shuvo, Max Schwiening, Felipe Soares, Oliver Feng, Susana Abreu, Niki Veale, Q Gao, William Thomas, AA Roger Thompson, Richard J Samworth, Nicholas W Morrell, Stefan J Marciniak, Elaine Soon
Rationale Sophisticated prognostic scores have been proposed for SARS-CoV-2 but do not always perform consistently. We conducted these meta-analyses to uncover why and to investigate the impact of vaccination and variants.
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Clinical risk factors and blood protein biomarkers of 10-year pneumonia risk medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-09 Ming-Ming Lee, Yi Zuo, Katrina Steiling, Joseph P. Mizgerd, Bindu Kalesan, Allan J. Walkey
Background Chronic inflammation may increase susceptibility to pneumonia.
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Respiratory rates among rural Gambian children: a community-based cohort study medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Polycarp Mogeni, Sharon Amima, Jennifer Gunther, Margaret Pinder, Lucy S. Tusting, Umberto D’Alessandro, Simon Cousens, Steve W. Lindsay, John Bradley
Abstract Background: Although ranges of normal respiratory rates (RR) have been described for children under five years old living in the tropics, there are few datasets recording rates in older children. The present study was designed to capture the changes in RR with age and to examine its association with nutritional status and environmental factors. Methods: A cohort of rural Gambian children aged
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Age-related Muscle Fat Infiltration in Lung Screening Participants: Impact of Smoking Cessation medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Kaiwen Xu, Thomas Z Li, James G Terry, Aravind R Krishnan, Stephen A Deppen, Yuankai Huo, Fabien Maldonado, John Jeffrey Carr, Bennett A Landman, Kim L Sandler
Rationale: Skeletal muscle fat infiltration progresses with aging and is worsened among individuals with a history of cigarette smoking. Many negative impacts of smoking on muscles are likely reversible with smoking cessation. Objectives: To determine if the progression of skeletal muscle fat infiltration with aging is altered by smoking cessation among lung cancer screening participants. Methods:
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Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Variation in Asthma Risk, Severity, and Exacerbations medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Weiling Xu, Yun Soo Hong, Bo Hu, Suzy A. A. Comhair, Allison J. Janocha, Joe G. Zein, Ruoying Chen, Deborah A. Meyers, David T. Mauger, Victor E. Ortega, Eugene R. Bleecker, Mario Castro, Loren C. Denlinger, John V. Fahy, Elliot Israel, Bruce D. Levy, Nizar N. Jarjour, Wendy C. Moore, Sally E. Wenzel, Benjamin Gaston, Chunyu Liu, Dan E. Arking, Serpil C. Erzurum
Rationale: Although airway oxidative stress and inflammation are central to asthma pathogenesis, there is limited knowledge of the relationship of asthma risk, severity, or exacerbations to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is pivotal to oxidant generation and inflammation. Objectives: We investigated whether mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) as a measure of mitochondrial function is associated
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Connecting the Dots: Systematic Exploration of COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury through Meta-Analysis medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-02 Md. Safiullah Sarker, Rubiyat Jahan
Objective COVID-19 pandemic is a danger for the whole world. Also, our knowledge about acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients is incomplete. Few studies informed that the problem of AKI is a common complication, but other studies concluded that AKI is only an unusual event during COVID-19 infection. This study using meta-analysis tools aimed to find disease progression and mortality risk in
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Effect of mRNA vaccination on pulmonary sequelae after mild COVID-19 medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Daniel Gagiannis, Carsten Hackenbroch, Fabian Zech, Frank Kirchhoff, Wilhelm Bloch, Katharina Junghans, Konrad Steinestel
Background: Previous studies indicate a protective role for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination against development of pulmonary post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC). We compared clinical, imaging, histopathology and ultrastructural features of pulmonary PASC with and without prior vaccination in a consecutive cohort of 54 unvaccinated, 17 partially vaccinated and 28 fully vaccinated patients who presented with
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Impact of Treatment Adherence and Inhalation Technique on asthma outcomes of Pediatric Patients: A Longitudinal Study medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Catalina Lizano-Barrantes, Olatz Garin, Karina Mayoral, Alexandra L. Dima, Angels Pont, M. Araceli Caballero-Rabasco, Manuel Praena-Crespo, Laura Valdesoiro-Navarrete, María Teresa Guerra, Alberto Bercedo-Sanz, Montse Ferrer, the ARCA Group
Introduction We aimed to evaluate the longitudinal relationships, both at between- and within-person levels, that adherence to inhaled corticosteroids-based maintenance treatment and inhalation technique present with symptom control, exacerbations, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents with asthma.
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Pulmonary microbiome and transcriptome signatures reveal distinct pathobiologic states associated with mortality in two cohorts of pediatric stem cell transplant patients medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Matt S. Zinter, Christopher C. Dvorak, Madeline Y. Mayday, Gustavo Reyes, Miriam R. Simon, Emma M. Pearce, Hanna Kim, Peter J. Shaw, Courtney M. Rowan, Jeffrey J. Auletta, Paul L. Martin, Kamar Godder, Christine N. Duncan, Nahal R. Lalefar, Erin M. Kreml, Janet R. Hume, Hisham Abdel-Azim, Caitlin Hurley, Geoffrey D.E. Cuvelier, Amy K. Keating, Muna Qayed, James S. Killinger, Julie C. Fitzgerald, Rabi
Lung injury is a major determinant of survival after pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). A deeper understanding of the relationship between pulmonary microbes, immunity, and the lung epithelium is needed to improve outcomes. In this multicenter study, we collected 278 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 229 patients treated at 32 children’s hospitals between 2014-2022. Using paired
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The Development, Optimization, and Validation of Four Different Machine Learning Algorithms to Identify Ventilator Dyssynchrony medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Peter D Sottile, Bradford Smith, Marc Moss, David J Albers
Objective Invasive mechanical ventilation can worsen lung injury. Ventilator dyssynchrony (VD) may propagate ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and is challenging to detect and systematically monitor because each patient takes approximately 25,000 breaths a day yet some types of VD are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all breaths. Therefore, we sought to develop and validate accurate machine
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Lipidomics for diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Natalie Bordag, Bence Miklos Nagy, Elmar Zügner, Helga Ludwig, Vasile Foris, Chandran Nagaraj, Valentina Biasin, Ulrich Bodenhofer, Christoph Magnes, Bradley A. Maron, Silvia Ulrich, Tobias J. Lange, Konrad Hötzenecker, Thomas Pieber, Horst Olschewski, Andrea Olschewski
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) poses a significant health threat with high morbidity and mortality, necessitating improved diagnostic tools for enhanced management. Current biomarkers for PH lack functionality and comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop biomarkers that address these gaps in PH diagnostics and prognosis.
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Correlation between Galanin and its receptor with the serum electrolytes in Long-COVID patients medRxiv. Respir. Med. Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Wasim Talib Mahdi Al Masoodi, Sami Waheed Radhi, Habiba Khdair Abdalsada, Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim
Background: Long-COVID is a complicated condition with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 symptoms. Several variables have been studied in this illness. Among the less studied variables are galanin and its receptor (GalR1). The Galanin system is involved in the pathophysiology of several age-related chronic disorders, including alcoholism, chronic pain, and bowel and skin inflammation. The aim of the study is to