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Utility of MR Neurography for the Evaluation of Peripheral Trigeminal Neuropathies in the Postoperative Period Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Tyler Thornton, Shuda Xia, John R. Zuniga, Avneesh Chhabra
SUMMARY: Peripheral trigeminal neuropathies are assessed by MR neurography for presurgical mapping. In this clinical report, we aimed to understand the utility of MR neurography following nerve-repair procedures. We hypothesized that postoperative MR neurography assists in determining nerve integrity, and worsening MR neurography findings will corroborate poor patient outcomes. Ten patients with peripheral
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Sinonasal (Schneiderian) Tumors in the Temporal Bone: Case Series and Systematic Review Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Francis Deng, Peter M. Sadow, Nabeeha Khan, Xin Wu, Ivan H. El-Sayed, David H. Jung, Christine M. Glastonbury, Amy F. Juliano
BACKGROUND: Neoplasms derived from the sinonasal epithelium are a rare finding in the temporal bone, and their origins are controversial. PURPOSE: To review the characteristics of sinonasal epithelial (previously known as Schneiderian) tumors occurring in the temporal bone. DATA SOURCE: This was a 2-center case series and systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Web of Science through May 2021
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Does CISS MRI Reliably Depict the Endolymphatic Duct in Children with and without Vestibular Aqueduct Enlargement? Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Olutayo I. Olubiyi, Nicholas Thompson, Thad Benefield, Kassie L. McCullagh, Benjamin Y. Huang
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High-resolution CT is the mainstay for diagnosing an enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA), but MR imaging may be an appealing alternative, given its lack of ionizing radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine how reliably MR imaging demonstrates the endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic duct enlargement in hearing-impaired children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We
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Visualizing the Habenula Using 3T High-Resolution MP2RAGE and QSM: A Preliminary Study Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 BingYang Bian, Lin Hou, YaTing Chai, YueLuan Jiang, XingChen Pan, Yang Sun, HongChao Wang, DongDong Qiu, ZeChen Yu, Hua Zhao, HuiMao Zhang, FanYang Meng, Lei Zhang
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The habenula is a key node in the regulation of emotion-related behavior. Accurate visualization of the habenula and its reliable quantitative analysis is vital for the assessment of psychiatric disorders. To obtain high-contrast habenula images and allow them to be compatible with clinical applications, this preliminary study compared 3T MP2RAGE and quantitative susceptibility
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Neurofilament Light Chain Levels Interact with Neurodegenerative Patterns and Motor Neuron Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Penelope Tilsley, Antoine Moutiez, Alexandre Brodovitch, Mohamed Mounir El Mendili, Benoit Testud, Wafaa Zaaraoui, Annie Verschueren, Shahram Attarian, Maxime Guye, José Boucraut, Aude-Marie Grapperon, Jan-Patrick Stellmann
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease involving rapid motor neuron degeneration leading to brain, primarily precentral, atrophy. Neurofilament light chains are a robust prognostic biomarker highly specific to ALS, yet associations between neurofilament light chains and MR imaging outcomes are not well-understood. We investigated the role of neurofilament
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Prognostic Significance of Central Skull Base Remodeling in Chiari II Malformation Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 John T. Freiling, Nilesh K. Desai, Stephen F. Kralik, William E. Whitehead, Thierry A.G.M. Huisman
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Outward convexity of the basiocciput and posterior atlanto-occipital membrane are common in patients with Chiari II malformation associated with an open neural tube defect. We aimed to determine if the severity of these findings correlated with the need for future hydrocephalus treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart and imaging review identified patients who
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Expanding the Imaging Spectrum of Polymorphous Low-Grade Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Young in Children Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Carmen Cerron-Vela, Fabricio Guimarães Gonçalves, Angela N. Viaene, Luis Octavio Tierradentro-García, Arastoo Vossough
SUMMARY: Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumors of the young (PLNTY) are rare brain tumors first described in 2017 and recently included in the 2021 5th World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. They typically affect children and young adults. Few pediatric cases have been reported in the literature. The most common imaging features described, include
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Comparison of Volumetric and 2D Measurements and Longitudinal Trajectories in the Response Assessment of BRAF V600E-Mutant Pediatric Gliomas in the Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium Clinical Trial Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Divya Ramakrishnan, Sarah C. Brüningk, Marc von Reppert, Fatima Memon, Nazanin Maleki, Sanjay Aneja, Anahita Fathi Kazerooni, Ali Nabavizadeh, MingDe Lin, Khaled Bousabarah, Annette Molinaro, Theodore Nicolaides, Michael Prados, Sabine Mueller, Mariam S. Aboian
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Response on imaging is widely used to evaluate treatment efficacy in clinical trials of pediatric gliomas. While conventional criteria rely on 2D measurements, volumetric analysis may provide a more comprehensive response assessment. There is sparse research on the role of volumetrics in pediatric gliomas. Our purpose was to compare 2D and volumetric analysis with the assessment
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High-Grade Astrocytoma with Piloid Features: A Dual Institutional Review of Imaging Findings of a Novel Entity Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Neetu Soni, Amit Agarwal, Pranav Ajmera, Parv Mehta, Vivek Gupta, Mukta Vibhute, Maria Gubbiotti, Ian T. Mark, Steven A. Messina, Suyash Mohan, Girish Bathla
SUMMARY: High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a recently identified brain tumor characterized by a distinct DNA methylation profile. Predominantly located in the posterior fossa of adults, HGAP is notably prevalent in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1. We present an image-centric review of HGAP and explore the association between HGAP and neurofibromatosis type 1. Data were
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Improved Detection of Target Metabolites in Brain Tumors with Intermediate TE, High SNR, and High Bandwidth Spin-Echo Sequence at 5T Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Wenbo Sun, Dan Xu, YanXing Yang, Linfei Wen, Hanjiang Yu, Yaowen Xing, Xiaopeng Song, Huan Li, Haibo Xu
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Due to high chemical shift displacement, challenges emerge at ultra-high fields when measuring metabolites using 1H-MRS. Our goal was to investigate how well the high SNR and high bandwidth spin-echo (HISE) technique perform at 5T for detecting target metabolites in brain tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six subjects suspected of having brain tumors were enrolled. HISE
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Arterial Spin-Labeling and DSC Perfusion Metrics Improve Agreement in Neuroradiologists Clinical Interpretations of Posttreatment High-Grade Glioma Surveillance MR Imaging--An Institutional Experience Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Ghiam Yamin, Eric Tranvinh, Bryan A. Lanzman, Elizabeth Tong, Syed S. Hashmi, Chirag B. Patel, Michael Iv
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR perfusion has shown value in the evaluation of posttreatment high-grade gliomas, but few studies have shown its impact on the consistency and confidence of neuroradiologists’ interpretation in routine clinical practice. We evaluated the impact of adding MR perfusion metrics to conventional contrast-enhanced MR imaging in posttreatment high-grade glioma surveillance imaging
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Compressed Sensitivity Encoding Artificial Intelligence Accelerates Brain Metastasis Imaging by Optimizing Image Quality and Reducing Scan Time Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Mengmeng Wang, Yue Ma, Linna Li, Xingchen Pan, Yafei Wen, Ying Qiu, Dandan Guo, Yi Zhu, Jianxiu Lian, Dan Tong
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Accelerating the image acquisition speed of MR imaging without compromising the image quality is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of contrast-enhanced (CE) 3D T1WI and CE 3D-FLAIR sequences reconstructed with compressed sensitivity encoding artificial intelligence (CS-AI) for detecting brain metastases (BM) and explore the optimal acceleration factor
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Identifying Patients with CSF-Venous Fistula Using Brain MRI: A Deep Learning Approach Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Shahriar Faghani, Mana Moassefi, Ajay A. Madhavan, Ian T. Mark, Jared T. Verdoorn, Bradley J. Erickson, John C. Benson
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is an increasingly recognized condition. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is caused by a CSF leak, which is commonly related to a CSF-venous fistula. In patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension, multiple intracranial abnormalities can be observed on brain MR imaging, including dural enhancement, "brain sag," and pituitary engorgement
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Automated Detection of Cervical Spinal Stenosis and Cord Compression via Vision Transformer and Rules-Based Classification Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 David L. Payne, Xuan Xu, Farshid Faraji, Kevin John, Katherine Ferra Pradas, Vahni Vishala Bernard, Lev Bangiyev, Prateek Prasanna
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cervical spinal cord compression, defined as spinal cord deformity and severe narrowing of the spinal canal in the cervical region, can lead to severe clinical consequences, including intractable pain, sensory disturbance, paralysis, and even death, and may require emergent intervention to prevent negative outcomes. Despite the critical nature of cord compression, no automated
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Evaluation of Conditions for the Development of Cryogenic Spinal Cord Injury Using a Canine Model: An Experimental Study on the Safety of Cryoablation for Metastatic Spinal Tumors Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Motoya Kobayashi, Satoshi Kato, Satoru Demura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Akira Yokka, Yusuke Nakade, Ryohei Annen, Toshifumi Gabata, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the application of cryoablation to metastatic spinal tumors has been attempted, spinal cryoablation has the unique complication of cryogenic spinal cord injury. This study aimed to elucidate the conditions for the development of cryogenic spinal cord injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen canines were used in this study. A metal probe was inserted into the 13th thoracic
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Initial Experiences with the Trenza Embolization Device for the Treatment of Wide-Neck Intracranial Aneurysms: A 12-Patient Case Series Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Rahul Raj, Jussi Numminen
SUMMARY: The Trenza embolization device is a frame coil implant with flow-disruption properties and is a new alternative to treat challenging mid-to-large-sized broad-neck bifurcation or sidewall aneurysms. We conducted an observational single-center retrospective study of 12 consecutive patients treated for 10 unruptured and 2 ruptured 6- to 12-mm broad-neck bifurcation or sidewall aneurysms with
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Predictors of In-Stent Stenosis Following the Implantation of Pipeline Embolization Devices for the Treatment of Aneurysms Located at or beyond the Circle of Willis in the Anterior Circulation Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Yajing Ma, Xin Deng, Junfan Chen, Feng Fan, Kaihao Han, Sheng Guan, Xinbin Guo
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In-stent stenosis is commonly observed after stent implantation. There is no consensus on the contributing factors for in-stent stenosis, especially for aneurysms located at or beyond the circle of Willis in the anterior circulation. This study aimed to investigate the morbidity and determinants of in-stent stenosis in distal anterior circulation aneurysms following the implantation
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A Clinical and Imaging Fused Deep Learning Model Matches Expert Clinician Prediction of 90-Day Stroke Outcomes Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Yongkai Liu, Preya Shah, Yannan Yu, Jai Horsey, Jiahong Ouyang, Bin Jiang, Guang Yang, Jeremy J. Heit, Margy E. McCullough-Hicks, Stephen M. Hugdal, Max Wintermark, Patrik Michel, David S. Liebeskind, Maarten G. Lansberg, Gregory W. Albers, Greg Zaharchuk
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Predicting long-term clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke is beneficial for prognosis, clinical trial design, resource management, and patient expectations. This study used a deep learning–based predictive model (DLPD) to predict 90-day mRS outcomes and compared its predictions with those made by physicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A previously developed DLPD that incorporated
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The Management of Persistent Distal Occlusions after Mechanical Thrombectomy and Thrombolysis: An Inter- and Intrarater Agreement Study Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 W. Boisseau, A. Benomar, C. Ducroux, R. Fahed, S. Smajda, J. D. B. Diestro, G. Charbonnier, J. Ognard, J. Burel, A. Ter Schiphorst, M. Boulanger, A. Nehme, J. Boucherit, G. Marnat, D. Volders, Q. Holay, G. Forestier, M. Bretzner, D. Roy, S. Vingadassalom, M. Elhorany, L. Nico, G. Jacquin, M. Abdalkader, A. Guedon, P. Seners, K. Janot, V. Dumas, R. Olatunji, S. Gazzola, G. Milot, J. Zehr, T.E. Darsaut
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The best management of patients with persistent distal occlusion after mechanical thrombectomy with or without IV thrombolysis remains unknown. We sought to evaluate the variability and agreement in decision-making for persistent distal occlusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A portfolio of 60 cases was sent to clinicians with varying backgrounds and experience. Responders were asked
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Hemorrhage Volume Drives Early Brain Injury and Outcome in Poor-Grade Aneurysmal SAH Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Pietro Panni, Franco Simionato, Roberta Cao, Alessandro Pedicelli, Enrico Marchese, Anselmo Caricato, Andrea Alexandre, Alberto Feletti, Mattia Testa, Paolo Zanatta, Nicola Gitti, Simone Piva, Dikran Mardighian, Vittorio Semeraro, Giordano Nardin, Emilio Lozupone, Giafranco Paiano, Edoardo Picetti, Vito Montanaro, Massimo Petranca, Carlo Bortolotti, Antonino Scibilia, Luigi Cirillo, Raffaele Aspide
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early brain injury is a major determinant of clinical outcome in poor-grade (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies [WFNS] IV–V) aneurysmal SAH and is radiologically defined by global cerebral edema. Little is known, though, about the effect of global intracranial hemorrhage volume on early brain injury development and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from
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Increased Intracranial Arterial Pulsatility and Microvascular Brain Damage in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 J.W. Bartstra, T. van den Beukel, G. Kranenburg, L.J. Geurts, A.M. den Harder, T. Witkamp, J.M. Wolterink, J.J.M. Zwanenburg, E. van Valen, H.L. Koek, W.P.T.M. Mali, P.A. de Jong, J. Hendrikse, W. Spiering
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Carotid siphon calcification might contribute to the high prevalence of cerebrovascular disease in pseudoxanthoma elasticum through increased arterial flow pulsatility. This study aimed to compare intracranial artery flow pulsatility, brain volumes, and small-vessel disease markers between patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum and controls and the association between arterial
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Clinical Evaluation of a 2-Minute Ultrafast Brain MR Protocol for Evaluation of Acute Pathology in the Emergency and Inpatient Settings Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Min Lang, Bryan Clifford, Wei-Ching Lo, Brooks P. Applewhite, Azadeh Tabari, Augusto Lio M. Goncalves Filho, Zahra Hosseini, Maria Gabriela Figueiro Longo, Stephen F. Cauley, Kawin Setsompop, Berkin Bilgic, Thorsten Feiweier, Michael H. Lev, Pamela W. Schaefer, Otto Rapalino, Susie Y. Huang, John Conklin
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The use of MR imaging in emergency settings has been limited by availability, long scan times, and sensitivity to motion. This study assessed the diagnostic performance of an ultrafast brain MR imaging protocol for evaluation of acute intracranial pathology in the emergency department and inpatient settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six adult patients who underwent brain
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Shift Volume Directly Impacts Neuroradiology Error Rate at a Large Academic Medical Center: The Case for Volume Limits Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Vladimir Ivanovic, Kenneth Broadhead, Yu-Ming Chang, John F Hamer, Ryan Beck, Lotfi Hacein-Bey, Lihong Qi
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Unlike in Europe and Japan, guidelines or recommendations from specialized radiological societies on workflow management and adaptive intervention to reduce error rates are currently lacking in the United States. This study of neuroradiologic reads at a large US academic medical center, which may hopefully contribute to this discussion, found a direct relationship between error
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Understanding Bias in Artificial Intelligence: A Practice Perspective Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Melissa A. Davis, Ona Wu, Ichiro Ikuta, John E. Jordan, Michele H. Johnson, Edward Quigley
SUMMARY: In the fall of 2021, several experts in this space delivered a Webinar hosted by the American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR) Diversity and Inclusion Committee, focused on expanding the understanding of bias in artificial intelligence, with a health equity lens, and provided key concepts for neuroradiologists to approach the evaluation of these tools. In this perspective, we distill key parts
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Intraluminal Flow Diverter Design Primer for Neurointerventionalists Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Alexander A. Oliver, Yigit Can Senol, Cem Bilgin, Jeremy E. Schaffer, Ramanathan Kadirvel, David F. Kallmes, John M. Wainwright
SUMMARY: The clinical use of flow diverters for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms has rapidly grown. Consequently, the market and technology for these devices has also grown. Clinical performance characteristics of the flow diverter are well-known to the clinician. However, the engineering design principles behind how these devices achieve ideal clinical performance are less understood. This
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Multinodular and Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor-like Lesion of the Spinal Cord: Two Case Reports Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Joris Schollaert, David Van der Planken, Sam Mampaey, Matthew Breen, Farng-Yang Foo, Rajan Jain, Johan W.M. Van Goethem
SUMMARY: We describe 2 cases of a spinal cord lesion with imaging features closely resembling those described in supratentorial multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) or infratentorial multinodular and vacuolating posterior fossa lesions of unknown significance. Multiple well-delineated nonenhancing T2-hyperintense intramedullary cystic ovoid nodules were visualized within the white matter
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Application of Spinal Subtraction and Bone Background Fusion CTA in the Accurate Diagnosis and Evaluation of Spinal Vascular Malformations Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Xuehan Hu, Zhidong Yuan, Kaiyin Liang, Min Chen, Zhen Zhang, Hairong Zheng, Guanxun Cheng
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Accurate pretreatment diagnosis and assessment of spinal vascular malformations using spinal CTA are crucial for patient prognosis, but the postprocessing reconstruction may not be able to fully depict the lesions due to the complexity inherent in spinal anatomy. Our purpose was to explore the application value of the spinal subtraction and bone background fusion CTA (SSBBF-CTA)
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Diagnostic Performance of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced 3T MR Imaging for Characterization of Orbital Lesions: Validation in a Large Prospective Study Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Emma O’Shaughnessy, Chloé Le Cossec, Natasha Mambour, Adrien Lecoeuvre, Julien Savatovsky, Mathieu Zmuda, Loïc Duron, Augustin Lecler
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Orbital lesions are rare but serious. Their characterization remains challenging. Diagnosis is based on biopsy or surgery, which implies functional risks. It is necessary to develop noninvasive diagnostic tools. The goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging at 3T when distinguishing malignant from benign orbital tumors
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Efficacy of MR Neurography of Peripheral Trigeminal Nerves: Correlation of Sunderland Grade versus Neurosensory Testing Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Shuda Xia, Tyler Thornton, Varun Ravi, Yousef Hammad, John R Zuniga, Avneesh Chhabra
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The current reference standard of diagnosis for peripheral trigeminal neuropathies (PTN) is clinical neurosensory testing (NST). MR neurography (MRN) is useful for PTN injury diagnosis, but it has only been studied in small case series. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement of Sunderland grades of nerve injury on MRN and NST by using surgical findings and final
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Prediction of Surgical Outcomes in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus by MR Elastography Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a treatable cause of dementia associated with distinct mechanical property signatures in the brain as measured by MR elastography. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that specific anatomic features of normal pressure hydrocephalus are associated with unique mechanical property alterations. Then, we tested the hypothesis that summary measures
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Imaging Biomarker for Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease: Utility of Hippocampal Histogram Analysis of Diffusion Metrics Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Biomarkers have been required for diagnosing early Alzheimer disease. We assessed the utility of hippocampal diffusion parameters for diagnosing Alzheimer disease pathology in mild cognitive impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with mild cognitive impairment underwent both CSF measurement and multi-shell diffusion imaging at 3T. Based on the CSF biomarker level
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Synthesizing Contrast-Enhanced MR Images from Noncontrast MR Images Using Deep Learning Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Gowtham Murugesan, Fang F. Yu, Michael Achilleos, John DeBevits, Sahil Nalawade, Chandan Ganesh, Ben Wagner, Ananth J Madhuranthakam, Joseph A. Maldjian
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent developments in deep learning methods offer a potential solution to the need for alternative imaging methods due to concerns about the toxicity of gadolinium-based contrast agents. The purpose of the study was to synthesize virtual gadolinium contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images from noncontrast multiparametric MR images in patients with primary brain tumors by using
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Dynamic Changes in Long-Standing Multiple Sclerosis Revealed by Longitudinal Structural Network Analysis Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Hui-Qin Zhang, Jacky Chi-Yan Lee, Lu Wang, Peng Cao, Koon-Ho Chan, Henry Ka-Fung Mak
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DTI can be used to derive conventional diffusion measurements, which can measure WM abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. DTI can also be used to construct structural brain networks and derive network measurements. However, few studies have compared their sensitivity in detecting brain alterations, especially in longitudinal studies. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine
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MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy in the Setting of Aneurysm Clip Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Henrik Odéen, Lubdha M Shah, Viola Rieke, Dennis L Parker, Shervin Rahimpour
SUMMARY: We report on a 75-year-old woman with a history of right MCA aneurysm clipping and medically refractive right-hand tremor. We successfully performed focused ultrasound thalamotomy of the left ventral intermediate nucleus under MR imaging-guidance at 3T. A thorough pretreatment evaluation of MR thermometry was critical to ensure that adequate precision could be achieved at the intended target
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Effect of Clot Burden Score on Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Alteplase Prior to Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Phase 3 Trial Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Zifu Li, Yu Zhou, Xiaoxi Zhang, Lei Zhang, Yongwei Zhang, Pengfei Xing, Yongxin Zhang, Qinghai Huang, Qiang Li, Qiao Zuo, Xiaofei Ye, Jianmin Liu, Pengfei Yang, on behalf of DIRECT-MT Investigators
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Whether thrombus burden in acute ischemic stroke modify the effect of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) before mechanical thrombectomy (MT) remains uncertain. We aim to investigate the treatment effect of stratified clot burden score (CBS) on the efficacy and safety of direct versus bridging MT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an exploratory subgroup analysis of a randomized trial
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Prevalence of "Ghost Infarct Core" after Endovascular Thrombectomy Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Johanna M. Ospel, Nathaniel Rex, Leon Rinkel, Nima Kashani, Brian Buck, Jeremy Rempel, Demetrios Sahlas, Michael E. Kelly, Ron Budzik, Michael Tymianski, Michael D. Hill, Mayank Goyal, On behalf of the ESCAPE-NA1 Investigators
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Baseline CTP sometimes overestimates the size of the infarct core ("ghost core" phenomenon). We investigated how often CTP overestimates infarct core compared with 24-hour imaging, and aimed to characterize the patient subgroup in whom a ghost core is most likely to occur. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data are from the randomized controlled ESCAPE-NA1 trial, in which patients with
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CTA Supplemented by CTP Increases Interrater Reliability and Endovascular Treatment Use in Patients with Aneurysmal SAH Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral vasospasm is a common complication of aneurysmal SAH and remains a risk factor for delayed cerebral ischemia and poor outcome. The interrater reliability of CTA in combination with CTP has not been sufficiently studied. We aimed to investigate the reliability of CTA alone and in combination with CTP in the detection of cerebral vasospasm and the decision to initiate
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Reducing False-Positives in CT Perfusion Infarct Core Segmentation Using Contralateral Local Normalization Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Alexander Rau, Marco Reisert, Christian A. Taschner, Theo Demerath, Samer Elsheikh, Benedikt Frank, Martin Köhrmann, Horst Urbach, Elias Kellner
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The established global threshold of rCBF <30% for infarct core segmentation can lead to false-positives, as it does not account for the differences in blood flow between GM and WM and patient-individual factors, such as microangiopathy. To mitigate this problem, we suggest normalizing each voxel not only with a global reference value (ie, the median value of normally perfused
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Development of Collateral Vessels after Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion in Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke Relates to Stroke Etiology: A Longitudinal Study Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Manoëlle Kossorotoff, David Grévent, Charles-Joris Roux, Francis Brunelle
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The characteristics of large vessel occlusion (LVO) in the acute phase of pediatric arterial ischemic stroke and their natural history according to stroke etiology are poorly explored. This studied aimed at describing the prevalence and the radiological evolution of LVO in pediatric AIS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included consecutive non-neonate
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Delayed Enhancement of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Plaque Can Better Differentiate Culprit Lesions: A Multiphase Contrast-Enhanced Vessel Wall MRI Study Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Beibei Sun, Lingling Wang, Xiao Li, Jin Zhang, Jianjian Zhang, Jiaqi Tian, Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Jianrong Xu, Yan Zhou, Huilin Zhao, Chengcheng Zhu
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial plaque enhancement (IPE) identified by contrast-enhanced vessel wall MR imaging (VW-MR imaging) is an emerging marker of plaque instability related to stroke risk, but there was no standardized timing for postcontrast acquisition. We aim to explore the optimal postcontrast timing by using multiphase contrast-enhanced VW-MR imaging and to test its performance in
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Young Professionals in Neuroradiology: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Anna V. Trofimova, Yi Li, Parisa Mazaheri, Arun Krishnan, Seyedmehdi Payabvash, Manon Kappelhof, Judith A. Gadde
SUMMARY: The Young Professionals Committee of the American Society of Neuroradiology identifies and serves the interests of young professionals in neuroradiology, defined as those still in training or within 5 years of its completion. Being a young professional is an exciting, dynamic, and demanding stage of one’s professional career. As the landscape of neuroradiology practice changes, new opportunities
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Patient Engagement in Neuroradiology: A Narrative Review and Case Studies Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01
SUMMARY: The field of patient engagement in radiology is evolving and offers ample opportunities for neuroradiologists to become involved. The patient journey can serve as a model that inspires patient engagement initiatives. The patient journey in radiology may be viewed in 5 stages: 1) awareness that an imaging test is needed, 2) considering having a specific imaging test, 3) access to imaging, 4)
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AI-Assisted Summarization of Radiologic Reports: Evaluating GPT3davinci, BARTcnn, LongT5booksum, LEDbooksum, LEDlegal, and LEDclinical Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Aichi Chien, Hubert Tang, Bhavita Jagessar, Kai-wei Chang, Nanyun Peng, Kambiz Nael, Noriko Salamon
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The review of clinical reports is an essential part of monitoring disease progression. Synthesizing multiple imaging reports is also important for clinical decisions. It is critical to aggregate information quickly and accurately. Machine learning natural language processing (NLP) models hold promise to address an unmet need for report summarization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We
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A Radiomic "Warning Sign" of Progression on Brain MRI in Individuals with MS Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Brendan S. Kelly, Prateek Mathur, Gerard McGuinness, Henry Dillon, Edward H. Lee, Kristen W. Yeom, Aonghus Lawlor, Ronan P. Killeen
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MS is a chronic progressive, idiopathic, demyelinating disorder whose diagnosis is contingent on the interpretation of MR imaging. New MR imaging lesions are an early biomarker of disease progression. We aimed to evaluate a machine learning model based on radiomics features in predicting progression on MR imaging of the brain in individuals with MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This
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Clinical and Imaging Findings in Children with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Associated Disease (MOGAD): From Presentation to Relapse Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Elizabeth George, Jeffrey B. Russ, Alexandria Validrighi, Heather Early, Mark D. Mamlouk, Orit A. Glenn, Carla M. Francisco, Emmanuelle Waubant, Camilla Lindan, Yi Li
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is an increasingly recognized cause of demyelinating disease in children. The purpose of this study is to characterize the CNS imaging manifestations of pediatric MOGAD and identify clinical and imaging variables associated with relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified children with
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White Matter Injury on Early-versus-Term-Equivalent Age Brain MRI in Infants Born Preterm Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Sriya Roychaudhuri, Gabriel Côté-Corriveau, Carmina Erdei, Terrie E. Inder
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: White matter injury in infants born preterm is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, depending on the extent and location. White matter injury can be visualized with MR imaging in the initial weeks following preterm birth but is more commonly defined at term-equivalent-age MR imaging. Our aim was to see how white matter injury detection in MR imaging compares
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A Prospective Multi-Institutional Study Comparing the Brain Development in the Third Trimester between Opioid-Exposed and Nonexposed Fetuses Using Advanced Fetal MR Imaging Techniques Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Hyuk Jin Yun, Usha D. Nagaraj, P. Ellen Grant, Stephanie L. Merhar, Xiawei Ou, Weili Lin, Ashley Acheson, Karen Grewen, Beth M. Kline-Fath, Kiho Im
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: While the adverse neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal opioid exposure on infants and children in the United States are well described, the underlying causative mechanisms have yet to be fully understood. This study aims to compare quantitative volumetric and surface-based features of the fetal brain between opioid-exposed fetuses and unexposed controls by using advanced MR
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Incidental Thalamic Lesions Identified on Brain MRI in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients: Imaging Features and Natural History Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nonspecific, localized thalamic signal abnormalities of uncertain significance are occasionally found on pediatric brain MR imaging. The goal of this study is to describe the MR imaging appearance and natural history of these lesions in children and young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated clinically acquired brain MR imaging examinations obtained
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MRI-Based Brain Volume Scoring in Cerebral Malaria Is Externally Valid and Applicable to Lower-Resolution Images Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Manu S. Goyal, Lorenna Vidal, Karen Chetcuti, Cowles Chilingulo, Khalid Ibrahim, Jeffrey Zhang, Dylan S. Small, Karl B. Seydel, Nicole O’Brien, Terrie E. Taylor, Douglas G. Postels
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Children with cerebral malaria have an elevated risk of mortality and neurologic morbidity. Both mortality and morbidity are associated with initially increased brain volume on MR imaging, as graded by the Brain Volume Score, a subjective ordinal rating scale created specifically for brain MRIs in children with cerebral malaria. For the Brain Volume Score to be more widely clinically
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Comparison of HASTE versus EPI-Based DWI for Retinoblastoma and Correlation with Prognostic Histopathologic Parameters Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Manish Sharma, Amit Gupta, Manisha Jana, Seema Kashyap, Sameer Bakhshi, Sanjay Sharma
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Non-EPI-based DWI has shown better performance in head and neck pathologies owing to lesser susceptibility artifacts compared with EPI-DWI. However, only sporadic studies have investigated the feasibility of non–EPI-based DWI in retinoblastoma (RB). We qualitatively and quantitively compared EPI-DWI and HASTE-DWI in RB and correlated the tumor ADC values obtained from these
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Quantification of T2-FLAIR Mismatch in Nonenhancing Diffuse Gliomas Using Digital Subtraction Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign on MR imaging is a highly specific imaging biomarker of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytomas, which lack 1p/19q codeletion. However, most studies using the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign have used visual assessment. This study quantified the degree of T2-FLAIR mismatch using digital subtraction of fluid-nulled T2-weighted FLAIR images from non-fluid-nulled
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Discrimination of Hemorrhage and Contrast Media in a Head Phantom on Photon-Counting Detector CT Data Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01
SUMMARY: In this anthropomorphic head phantom study, samples containing blood and contrast agent with concentrations ranging from 0 to 6 mg iodine per milliliter and another set of samples without blood for reference were scanned with a photon-counting detector CT using a standard cranial protocol. It was demonstrated that photon-counting detector CT can reliably distinguish hemorrhage and contrast
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Safety and Efficacy of Low-Profile Braided Stents versus Flow Diverters in the Reconstructive Technique in the Treatment of Patients with Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia Aneurysms: A Cohort of 47 Patients with Long-Term Follow-Up Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Zhe Ji, Chuan He, Jingwei Li, Jiewen Geng, Peng Hu, Guilin Li, Hongqi Zhang
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia aneurysm is a rare type of cerebrovascular disorder with a poor natural history, and endovascular treatment is widely accepted. Whether a high-profile braided stent (flow diverter) could promote occlusion of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia aneurysm without increasing the complications rather than a low-profile braided stent remains uncertain. The
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Transarterial Embolization of Anterior Cranial Fossa Dural AVFs as a First-Line Approach: A Single-Center Study Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Carl A. J. Puylaert, René van den Berg, Bert A. Coert, Bart J. Emmer
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular treatment has been increasingly used for anterior cranial fossa dural AVFs. Evidence on the safety and efficacy of different endovascular treatment strategies is limited. We report clinical and angiographic outcomes of patients with anterior cranial fossa dural AVFs who underwent treatment using transarterial embolization with n-BCA as a first-line approach. MATERIALS
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Value of Immediate Flat Panel Perfusion Imaging after Endovascular Therapy (AFTERMATH): A Proof of Concept Study Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Potential utility of flat panel CT perfusion imaging (FPCT-PI) performed immediately after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is unknown. We aimed to assess whether FPCT-PI obtained directly post-MT could provide additional potentially relevant information on tissue reperfusion status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a single-center analysis of all patients with consecutive acute
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Assessment of Collateral Flow in Patients with Carotid Stenosis Using Random Vessel-Encoded Arterial Spin-Labeling: Comparison with Digital Subtraction Angiography Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Collateral circulation plays an important role in steno-occlusive internal carotid artery disease (ICAD) to reduce the risk of stroke. We aimed to investigate the utility of planning-free random vessel-encoded arterial spin-labeling (rVE-ASL) in assessing collateral flows in patients with ICAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients with ICAD were prospectively recruited. The
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Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Reveals Impaired Glymphatic Clearance in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Derrek Schartz, Alan Finkelstein, Nhat Hoang, Matthew T. Bender, Giovanni Schifitto, Jianhui Zhong
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The pathophysiology underlying idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) remains incompletely understood. While one theory postulates impaired cerebral glymphatic clearance in IIH, there is a paucity of methods to quantify glymphatic activity in human brains. The purpose of this study was to use advanced diffusion-weighed imaging to evaluate the glymphatic clearance of IIH
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Recommended Resting-State fMRI Acquisition and Preprocessing Steps for Preoperative Mapping of Language and Motor and Visual Areas in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Brain Tumors and Epilepsy Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 V.A. Kumar, J. Lee, H.-L. Liu, J.W. Allen, C.G. Filippi, A.I. Holodny, K. Hsu, R. Jain, M.P. McAndrews, K.K. Peck, G. Shah, J.S. Shimony, S. Singh, M. Zeineh, J. Tanabe, B. Vachha, A. Vossough, K. Welker, C. Whitlow, M. Wintermark, G. Zaharchuk, H.I. Sair
Resting-state (rs) fMRI has been shown to be useful for preoperative mapping of functional areas in patients with brain tumors and epilepsy. However, its lack of standardization limits its widespread use and hinders multicenter collaboration. The American Society of Functional Neuroradiology, American Society of Pediatric Neuroradiology, and the American Society of Neuroradiology Functional and Diffusion
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Newly Recognized Genetic Tumor Syndromes of the CNS in the 5th WHO Classification: Imaging Overview with Genetic Updates Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Amit Agarwal, Girish Bathla, Neetu Soni, Amit Desai, Pranav Ajmera, Dinesh Rao, Vivek Gupta, Prasanna Vibhute
SUMMARY: The nervous system is commonly involved in a wide range of genetic tumor-predisposition syndromes. The classification of genetic tumor syndromes has evolved during the past years; however, it has now become clear that these syndromes can be categorized into a relatively small number of major mechanisms, which form the basis of the new 5th edition of the World Health Organization book (beta
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Frequency of Coexistent Spinal Segment Variants: Retrospective Analysis in Asymptomatic Young Adults Am. J. Neuroradiol. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Edward S. Yoon, Farhad Pishgar, Avneesh Chhabra, Filippo Del Grande, John A. Carrino
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spinal segment variants are highly prevalent and can potentially lead to incorrect spinal enumeration and, consequently, interventions or surgeries at the wrong vertebral levels. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of spinal segment variants and to study the potential association among these variants in a population without histories of spine symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: