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Accurate prediction of neurologic changes in critically ill infants using pose AI medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Alec Gleason, Florian Richter, Nathalia Beller, Naveen Arivazhagan, Rui Feng, Emma Holmes, Benjamin S Glicksberg, Sarah U Morton, Maite La Vega-Talbott, Madeline Fields, Katherine Guttmann, Girish N Nadkarni, Felix Richter
Importance Infant alertness and neurologic changes are assessed by exam, which can be intermittent and subjective. Reliable, continuous methods are needed.
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Capture of Group A Streptococcus by Open-Microfluidic CandyCollect Device in Pediatric Patients medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Wan-chen Tu, Ingrid Jeacopello, Andrea Blom, Elena Alfaro, Victoria A. M. Shinkawa, Daniel B. Hatchett, Juan C. Sanchez, Anika M. McManamen, Xiaojing Su, Erwin Berthier, Sanitta Thongpang, Ellen R. Wald, Gregory P. DeMuri, Ashleigh B. Theberge
Importance Obtaining high-quality samples to diagnose streptococcal pharyngitis in pediatric patients is challenging due to discomfort associated with traditional pharyngeal swabs. This may cause reluctance to go to the clinic, inaccurate diagnosis, or inappropriate treatment for children with sore throat.
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LEVELS OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AND CORRELATES AT 10WEEKS POST-DELIVERY IN A RURAL SETTING medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Adenike Oluwakemi Ogah, James-Aaron Ogah, Elizabeth Edigwu Ogah
Background Sustaining a high rate of adherence to exclusive breastfeeding may be challenging in resource constrained setting. This study established the levels of exclusive breastfeeding, alternate feeding patterns, health and growth impacts, among 10 weeks old infants in a remote, understudied village in East Africa.
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COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce robust levels of IgG but limited amounts of IgA within the oronasopharynx of young children medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Ying Tang, Brittany P. Boribong, Zoe N. Swank, Melina Demokritou, Maria A.F. Luban, Alessio Fasano, Michelle Du, Rebecca L. Wolf, Joseph Griffiths, John Shultz, Ella Borberg, Sujata Chalise, Wanda I. Gonzalez, David R. Walt, Lael M. Yonker, Bruce H. Horwitz
Key points
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School Neighborhood Deprivation is Associated with a Higher Prevalence of Hypertension medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Elizabeth A. Onugha, Ankona Banerjee, Kenneth J. Nobleza, Duc T. Nguyen, Omar Rosales, Abiodun Oluyomi, Jayna M. Dave, Joshua Samuels
Background Hypertension, a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is increasing among adolescents. While socioeconomic factors have been shown to contribute to hypertension risk in adults, similar data in children is lacking. We examined the association between socioeconomic characteristics of school neighborhoods and the prevalence of hypertension in adolescents.
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Repeatability of gait of children with spastic cerebral palsy in different walking conditions medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Laure Everaert, Tijl Dewit, Catherine Huenaerts, Anja Van Campenhout, Luc Labey, Kaat Desloovere
Objectives Three-dimensional gait analysis is the ‘gold standard’ for measurement and description of gait. Gait variability can arise from intrinsic and extrinsic factors and may vary between walking conditions. This study aimed to define the inter-trial and inter-session repeatability in gait analysis data of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who were walking in four conditions, namely barefoot or
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Quality of care when using a digital clinical decision support algorithm to manage sick children at primary care health facilities in Tanzania: a cross-sectional cluster randomized controlled trial (DYNAMIC study) medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Rainer Tan, Godfrey Kavishe, Alexandra V Kulinkina, Sabine Renggli, Lameck B Luwanda, Chacha Mangu, Geofrey Ashery, Margaret Jorram, Ibrahim Evans Mtebene, Peter Agrea, Humphrey Mhagama, Kristina Keitel, Marie-Annick Le Pogam, Nyanda Ntinginya, Honorati Masanja, Valérie D’Acremont
Digital clinical decision support tools have contributed to improved quality of care at primary care level health facilities. However, data from real-world randomized trials are lacking.
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Previously defined variants of uncertain significance may play an important role in epilepsy and interactions between certain variants may become pathogenic medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Yara Hussein, Hila Weisblum-Neuman, Bruria Ben-Zeev, Shani Stern
Objective Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder related to various etiologies and the prevalence of active epilepsy is estimated to be between 4-10 per 1000 individuals having a significant role of genetic mutations. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) panels are utilized for genetic testing, still, a substantial proportion of the results remain uncertain and are not considered directly causative
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Inpatient Skin-to-Skin Care Predicts 12-month Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Molly F. Lazarus, Virginia A. Marchman, Edith Brignoni-Pérez, Sarah Dubner, Heidi M. Feldman, Melissa Scala, Katherine E. Travis
Objective Limited research links hospital-based experiences of skin-to-skin (STS) care to longer-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm children. The present study examined relations between inpatient STS and neurodevelopmental scores measured at 12 months in a sample of very preterm (VPT) infants.
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Changes in rest-activity rhythms in adolescents as they age: associations with brain changes and behavior in the ABCD study medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-07 Rui Zhang, Melanie Schwandt, Leah Vines, Nora D. Volkow
Background Adolescents with disrupted rest-activity rhythms (RAR) including shorter sleep duration, later sleep timing and low physical activity levels have higher risk for mental and behavioral problems. However, it remains unclear whether the same associations can be observed for within-subject changes in RAR.
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The relation between macro- and microscopic intrinsic muscular alterations of the medial gastrocnemius in children with spastic cerebral palsy medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-06 C. Lambrechts, J. Deschrevel, K. Maes, A. Andries, N. De Beukelaer, B. Hanssen, I. Vandekerckhove, A. Van Campenhout, G. Gayan-Ramirez, K. Desloovere
Children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) are characterized by altered muscle growth, secondary to the pathological neural input to the muscular system, caused by the primary brain lesion. As a result, their medial gastrocnemius is commonly affected and is characterized by altered macro and microscopic muscular alterations. At the macroscopic level, the muscle volume (MV), anatomical cross-sectional
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Differential Adaptive Immune Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children Compared to Adults medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Sabryna Nantel, Corey Arnold, Maala Bhatt, Yannick Galipeau, Benoîte Bourdin, Jennifer Bowes, Roger L. Zemek, Marc-André Langlois, Caroline Quach, Hélène Decaluwe, Anne Pham-Huy
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits distinct clinical features in children and adults. Profiling the adaptive immune response following infection in children is essential to better understand and characterize these differences.
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Linking brain networks to cognition with magnetoencephalography in paediatric autoimmune encephalitis medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Charly Billaud, Amanda G. Wood, Daniel Griffiths-King, Klaus Kessler, Evangeline Wassmer, Elaine Foley, Sukhvir K. Wright
Paediatric autoimmune encephalitis (e.g., acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis) is an inflammatory brain disease that causes cognitive deficits, psychiatric symptoms, seizures, MRI, and EEG abnormalities. Patients can continue to experience residual cognitive difficulties months to years after the acute illness. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) can examine
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Etiologies of bloody diarrhea in children presenting with acute gastroenteritis to US emergency departments medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Paola Fonseca-Romero, Sharia M. Ahmed, Ben J. Brintz, D. Matthew Vierkant, Jennifer Dien Bard, Daniel M. Cohen, Ara Festekjian, Amy L. Leber, Jami T. Jackson, Neena Kanwar, Chari Larsen, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Kimberle C. Chapin, Andrew T. Pavia, Daniel T. Leung, IMPACT study investigators
Among 111 children presenting with bloody diarrhea in a multicenter study of molecular testing in US emergency departments, we found viral pathogens in 18%, bacteria in 48%, protozoa in 2%, and no pathogens detected in 38%.
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Music Medicine and Music Therapy in Pediatric Care: A systematic review of passive music listening research applications and findings on infant development and medical practice medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Efthymios Papatzikis, Maria Agapaki, Rosari Naveena Selvan, Deanna Hanson-Abromeit, Christian Gold, Shulammit Epstein, U Wun Vivian Lok, Evrykleia Barda, Varun Pandey
In recent years, the use of music as a therapeutic and developmental tool for infants, especially within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), has seen a surge in interest. Despite a growing body of research underscoring the potential benefits of music therapy and music medicine in enhancing infant development and aiding medical practices, the specific characteristics of music that maximize these
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Older Age and Vaccination Protect Against Transaminase Elevation in Pediatric SARS-CoV2 medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Antonia Fernandez Ovale, Cassandra Charles, Janet Rosenbaum, Priscila Villalba-Davila, Mauricio Mora, Shagun Sharma, Vivian Vega Lemus, Saema Khandakar, Thomas Wallach
Objectives SARS-CoV2 infection is reported to induce transaminase elevations. There are case reports of severe liver injury in adult SARS-CoV2 patients and some have theorized that acute SARS-CoV2 infection may be a driver of severe liver injury in children. While pediatric hepatic injury has previously been described, clear shifts in immunogenic response secondary to prior immune exposure and vaccination
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Anthropometric-related percentile curves for muscle size and strength of lower limb muscles of typically developing children medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Ines Vandekerckhove, Britta Hanssen, Nicky Peeters, Tijl Dewit, Nathalie De Beukelaer, Marleen Van den Hauwe, Liesbeth De Waele, Anja Van Campenhout, Friedl De Groote, Kaat Desloovere
Abstract Aims: To establish anthropometric-related percentile curves for muscle size and strength in a cohort of typically developing (TD) children and to demonstrate their use through applications in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods: Lower limb muscle size and strength were assessed in a large cross-sectional cohort of TD children with 3D freehand ultrasound
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Predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates after hospital discharge in a low-resource setting: A case study in Uganda. medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-25 RONALD NSUBUGA, SALEH NYENDE, JOSEPH RUJUMBA, STEVENS KISAKA, JOLLY NANKUNDA, RICHARD IDRO
Background: Most neonatal deaths occur among low birth weight infants. However, in resource-limited settings, these infants are commonly discharged early which further exposes them to mortality. Previous studies on morbidity and mortality among low birth weight infants after early discharge mainly focused on very low birth weight infants, and none described post-discharge neonatal mortality. This study
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Improving Diagnostic Precision: Urine Proteomics Identifies Promising Biomarkers for Necrotizing Enterocolitis medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-24 Stephen Mackay, Lauren C. Frazer, Grace K. Bailey, Claire M. Miller, Qingqing Gong, Olivia N. DeWitt, Misty Good
Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe intestinal disease that primarily impacts preterm infants. Current diagnostic tools are inadequate, so urine proteomics was performed for patients with and without NEC to identify putative biomarkers. Research design and methods: The abundance of urinary proteins detected using an aptamer-based microarray was compared for infants with NEC (n=20)
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A method for measuring mitochondrial DNA copy number in pediatric populations. medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Simran DS Maggo, Liam Y North, Aime Ozuna, Dejerianne Ostrow, Yander I Grajeda, Hesamedin Hakimjavadi, Jennifer Cotter, Alexander R Judkins, Pat Levitt, Xiaowu Gai
The mitochondrion is a multifunctional organelle that modulates multiple systems critical for homeostasis during pathophysiological stress. Variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number (mtDNAcn), a key mitochondrial change associated with chronic stress, is an emerging biomarker for disease pathology and progression. mtDNAcn can be quantified from whole blood samples using qPCR to determine the
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Exclusive enteral nutrition initiates individual protective microbiome changes to induce remission in pediatric Crohn′s disease medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Deborah Haecker, Kolja Siebert, Byron J Smith, Nikolai Koehler, Aritra Mahapatra, Helena Heimes, Amira Metwaly, Hannes L Hoelz, Quirin Manz, Federica De Zen, Jeannine Heetmeyer, Katharina Socas, Le Thi Giang, Chen Meng, Karin Kleigrewe, Josch K Pauling, Klaus Neuhaus, Markus List, Katherine S Pollard, Tobias Schwerd, Dirk Haller
Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the first-line therapy for pediatric Crohn′s disease (CD), but protective mechanisms remain unknown. We established a prospective pediatric cohort to characterize the function of fecal microbiota and metabolite changes of treatment-naïve CD patients in response to EEN. Integrated multi-omics analysis identified network clusters from individually variable microbiome
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Evaluation of Febrile Seizure Risk Following Ancestral Monovalent COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination Among U.S. Children Aged 2-5 Years medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Richard A Forshee, Elizabeth R Smith, Zhiruo Wan, Kandace L Amend, Alex Secora, Djeneba Audrey Djibo, Kamran Kazemi, Jennifer Song, Lauren E Parlett, John D Seeger, Nandini Selvam, Cheryl N McMahill-Walraven, Mao Hu, Yoganand Chillarige, Steven A Anderson
Importance The United States Food and Drug Administration noted a potential safety concern for seizure in children aged 2-5 years receiving the ancestral monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Objective To evaluate febrile seizure risk following monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccination among children aged 2-5 years. Design, Setting, and Participants The primary analysis evaluated children who had a febrile
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Reliably quantifying the severity of social symptoms in children with autism using ASDSpeech medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Marina Eni, Michal Ilan, Analya Michaelovski,, Hava Golan, Gal Meiri, Idan Menashe, Ilan Dinstein, Yaniv Zigel
Several studies have demonstrated that the severity of social communication problems, a core symptom of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is correlated with specific speech characteristics of ASD individuals. This suggests that it may be possible to develop speech analysis algorithms that can quantify ASD symptom severity from speech recordings in a direct and objective manner. Here we demonstrate the
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Coarctation duration and severity predict the likelihood of hypertension precursors in a preclinical model and hypertensive status among patients medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Arash Ghorbannia, Hilda Jurkiewicz, Lith Nasif, Abdillahi Ahmed, Jennifer Co-Vu, Mehdi Maadooliat, Ronald Woods, John F LaDisa
Background: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) often leads to hypertension (HTN) post-treatment. Evidence is lacking for the current >20 mmHg peak-to-peak blood pressure gradient (BPGpp) guideline, which can cause aortic thickening, stiffening and dysfunction. This study sought to find the BPGpp severity and duration that avoid persistent dysfunction in a preclinical model, and test if predictors translate
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Trends and Determinants of Neonatal Mortality in Rural Ethiopia medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Sintayehu Asaye Biya, Dawit Saketa, Dires Birhanu, Tadesse Gudeta, Merga Besho, Masrie Getnet, Gurmesa Tura, Negalign Berhanu, Yibeltal Siraneh, Fira Abamecha, Dessalegn Tamiru
Background: Neonatal mortality is a significant challenge that affects babies within the first 28 days of life. The issue is particularly challenging for healthcare systems in developing countries, where interventions are required. Although there has been a decline in neonatal mortality worldwide, comprehensive data on the patterns of neonatal mortality and the contributing factors in rural regions
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Initial respiratory support outcomes and associated factors among preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome admitted at Moi Teaching and Referral hospital Eldoret, Kenya medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Joyce Kalekye Ndeto, Winstone Mokaya Nyandiko, Audrey Chepkemoi
Abstract Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates. Early management of RDS is crucial in determining short- and long-term outcomes and studies have established initial respiratory support (IRS) among other factors as an important determinant. Despite preexisting guidelines and advancements in the management of
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Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Number of Subclinical Target Organ Injury Markers in Youth: The SHIP AHOY Study medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Gilad Hamdani, Elaine M. Urbina, Stephen Robert Daniels, Bonita Falkner, Michael A. Ferguson, Joseph T. Flynn, Coral Hanevold, Julie R Ingelfinger, Philip R Khoury, Marc B. Lande, Kevin E. Meyers, Joshua Samuels, Mark Mitsnefes
Background: Hypertension in adolescence is associated with subclinical target organ injury (TOI). We aimed to determine whether different blood pressure (BP) thresholds were associated with increasing number of TOI markers in healthy adolescents. Methods: 244 participants (mean age 15.5±1.8 years, 60.1% male) were studied. Participants were divided based on both systolic clinic and ambulatory BP (ABP)
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Single-cell RNA sequencing unraveled the expression heterogeneity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and immune cell development dysregulation in childhood asthma medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Danying Zhu, Guang Li, Lang Yuan, Zeyu Zeng, Na Dong, Chao Wang, Ming Chen, LIjian Xie, Libing Shen, Guohui Ding, Xiaoyan Dong
Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we profile peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three patients with onset asthma and four age-matched healthy controls to investigate the cellular etiology of childhood asthma. We find that very few differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are common among three asthma cases, but the common ones are functionally
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Pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (PDKA) among newly diagnosed diabetic patients treated at Dilla university hospital, Dilla, Ethiopia: prevalence and predictors medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Dinberu Oyamo Oromo
Abstract: Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a morbid complication of diabetes mellitus, and its occurrence at diagnosis has rarely been studied in Ethiopia, despite the many cases seen in the pediatric population. Objective: To know the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and identify avoidable risk factors. Method: This institution-based
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White Matter Integrity Differences in 2-year-old Children Treated with ECMO: A Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Study medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Michaela Ruttorf, Julia Filip, Thomas Schaible, Meike Weis, Frank G Zoellner
School-aged and adolescent survivors of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment still suffer from neurodevelopmental delays such as verbal, visuo-spatial and working memory problems, motor dysfunction and sensorineural hearing loss, respectively, later in life. These neurodevelopmental delays are normally assessed by neuropsychological testing within follow-up programs. The purpose
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Co-existing mental and somatic conditions in Swedish children with the avoidant restrictive food intake disorder phenotype medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Marie-Louis Wronski, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Elin Hedlund, Miriam I. Martini, Paul Lichtenstein, Sebastian Lundstroem, Henrik Larsson, Mark J. Taylor, Nadia Micali, Cynthia M. Bulik, Lisa Dinkler
Background: Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder, characterized by limited variety and/or quantity of food intake impacting physical health and psychosocial functioning. Children with ARFID often present with a range of psychiatric and somatic symptoms, and therefore consult various pediatric subspecialties; large-scale studies mapping comorbidities are
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Hearing loss at 6-monthly assessments from age 12 to 36 months: secondary outcomes from randomised controlled trials of novel pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedules. medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Amanda Jane Leach, Nicole Wilson, Beth Arrowsmith, Jemima Beissbarth, Kim Mulholland, Mathuram Santosham, Paul John Torzillo, Peter McIntyre, Heidi Smith-Vaughan, Sue A Skull, Victor M Oguoma, Mark D Chatfield, Deborah Lehmann, Christopher G. Brennan-Jones, Michael J. Binks, Paul V Licciardi, Ross Andrews, Tom Snelling, Vicki Krause, Jonathan Carapetis, Anne B Chang, Peter Stanley Morris
Introduction: In remote communities, Australian First Nations children with hearing loss are disproportionately at risk of poor school readiness and performance, compared to those with normal hearing. Our objective was to compare two pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) formulations and mixed schedules (the PREVIX trials) designed to broaden protection and reduce conductive hearing loss to age 36 months
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Altered placental immune cell composition and gene expression with isolated fetal spina bifida medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Marina White, Hasan Abdo, David Grynspan, Tim Van Mieghem, Kristin L Connor
Problem: Maternal B vitamin deficiency increases the risk of fetal spina bifida (SB) and placental maldevelopment. It is unclear whether placental processes involving folate are altered in fetuses with SB in a contemporary cohort. We hypothesised that fetal SB would associate with reduced expression of key folate transporters (folate receptor-α [FRα], proton coupled folate receptor [PCFT], and reduced
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Sex differences in symptoms following the administration of BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in Children below 5 Years of age in Germany (CoVacU5): a retrospective cohort study medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Jeanne Moor, Nicole Toepfner, Wolfgang C. G. von Meissner, Reinhard Berner, Matthias B. Moor, Karolina Kublickiene, Christoph Strumann, Cho-Ming Chao
Background Sex differences exist not only in the efficacy but also in adverse event rates of many vaccines. Here we compared the safety of BNT162b2 vaccine administered off-label in female and male children younger than 5 years in Germany. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study, in which we performed a post-hoc analysis of a dataset collected through an authentication-based survey of individuals
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An Unhealthy Dietary Pattern during Pregnancy is Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 David Lyle George Horner, Jens Richardt moellegaard Jepsen, Bo Chawes, Kristin Aagaard, Julie Rosenberg, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Astrid Sevelsted, Nilo Vahman, Rebecca Vinding, Birgitte Fagerlund, Christos Pantelis, Niels Bilenberg, Casper-Emil Pedersen, Anders Eliasen, Yulu Chen, Nicole Prince, Su Chu, Rachel Kelly, Jessica Lasky-Su, Thorhallur Halldorsson, Birte Glenthooj, Klaus Boonelykke, Bjoern
Despite the high prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, there are a lack of clinical studies examining the impact of pregnancy diet on child neurodevelopment. This observational clinical study examined the associations between pregnancy dietary patterns and neurodevelopmental diagnoses, as well as their symptoms, in a prospective cohort of 10-year-old children (n=508). Data-driven dietary patterns
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Plasma Cell-free RNA Signatures of Inflammatory Syndromes in Children medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Conor J Loy, Venice Servellita, Alicia Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Andrew Bliss, Joan Lenz, Emma Belcher, Will Suslovic, Jenny Nguyen, Meagan Williams, Miriam Oseguera, Michael Gardiner, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Kawasaki Disease Research Group (PEMKDRG), The CHARMS Study Group, Jong-Ha Choi, Hui-Mien Hsiao, Hao Wang, Jihoon Kim, Chisato Shimizu, Adrianna Tremoulet, Meghan Delaney, Roberta DeBiasi, Christina
Inflammatory syndromes, including those caused by infection, are a major cause of hospital admissions among children and are often misdiagnosed because of a lack of advanced molecular diagnostic tools. In this study, we explored the utility of circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) in plasma as an analyte for the differential diagnosis and characterization of pediatric inflammatory syndromes. We profiled
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Sources and pathways by which low-grade inflammation contributes to anaemia in rural African children from 6 months to 3 years of age: study protocol for observational studies IDeA 1 and IDeA 2 medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Elizabeth Ledger, Hans Verhoef, Amadou T Jallow, Nicole Cunningham, Andrew M Prentice, Carla Cerami
Background: Recent work suggests that persistent inflammation, even at low levels, could be more important than low dietary iron intake in the aetiology of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in young children living in poor environments. Methods: We will conduct 2 parallel observational studies in well and unwell rural Gambian children to identify the origins of chronic low-grade inflammation
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Short-term outcomes of asphyxiated neonates depending on outborn versus inborn status medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Nora Bruns, Nadia Feddahi, Rayan Hojeij, Rainer Rossi, Christian Dohna-Schwake, Anja Stein, Susann Kobus, Andreas Stang, Bernd Kowall, Ursula Felderhoff-Mueser
Importance: In neonates with birth asphyxia (BA) and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, therapeutic hypothermia (TH), initiated within six hours, is the only safe and established neuroprotective measure to prevent secondary brain injury. Infants born outside of TH centers have delayed access to cooling. Objective: To compare in-hospital lethality, occurrence of seizures, and functional status at discharge
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Hospital admissions for acute respiratory tract infections among infants from Nunavut and the burden of respiratory syncytial virus: a 10-year review in regional and tertiary hospitals medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Mai-Lei Woo Kinshella, Jean Allen, Jasmine Pawa, Jesse Papenburg, Radha Jetty, Rachel Dwilow, Joanne Embree, Joan Robinson, Laura Arbour, Manish Sadarangani, Ye Shen, Jeffrey Bone, Celia Walker, Iryna Kayda, Holden Sheffield, Darcy Scott, Amber Miners, David M Goldfarb
Background: Nunavut is a northern Canadian territory in Inuit Nunangat (Inuit homeland in Canada). Approximately 85% of the population identifies as Inuit. A high proportion of infants in Nunavut are admitted to hospital with acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) but previous studies have been limited in regional and/or short duration of coverage. This study aimed to estimate the incidence rate,
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Identification of Novel Gene variants for Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Indian Patient using Whole Exome Sequencing medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Prashasti Yadav, Saileyee Roychowdhury, Nilanjan Mukherjee, Reema Mukherjee, Sudipta Kumar Roy, Soumen Bhattacharjee, Parimal Das
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, along with restricted and repetitive behaviour patterns, interests or activities. Its prevalence has risen over the past few years, being four times more common in boys than girls. The cause of ASD is unclear, its etiology involves genetic, environmental
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Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents born very preterm and its correlates medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Sarah R Haile, Gabriela P Peralta, Mark Adams, Ajay N Bharadwaj, Dirk Bassler, Alexander Moeller, Giancarlo Natalucci, Thomas Radtke, Susi Kriemler
Objectives: We aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a cohort of very preterm born children and adolescents (aged 5-16), and to compare it with their fullterm born siblings and the general population. We also explored correlates of HRQOL among the very preterm born. Methods: Cross-sectional survey. Primary outcome was KINDL total score (0 worst - 100 best). Linear mixed models accounted
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Associations between Social Contact, Sleep and Dietary Patterns Among Children: A Cross-Sectional Study medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Christophe Muehlematter, Matthieu Beaugrand, Andjela Markovic, Salome Kurth
Social isolation in adults can be associated with altered sleep and eating behavior. This study aimed to investigate the interactions between the extent of social contact, eating behavior and sleep in infants and preschool children. In an observational study, 439 caregivers of 562 children aged 0-6 years provided information on sleep (i.e., duration, latency, bedtimes and nighttime awakenings), eating
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Advancing primary care for childhood pneumonia: a machine learning-based approach to prognosis and case management medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Oguzhan Serin, Izzet Turkalp Akbasli, Sena Bocutcu Cetin, Busra Koseoglu, Ahmet Fatih Deveci, Muhsin Zahid Ugur, Yasemin Ozsurekci
Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of preventable mortality under five years of age. Appropriate case management is as essential as disease prevention interventions, especially in primary care settings. Computer science has been used accurately and widely for pneumonia diagnosis; however, prognosis studies are relatively low. Herein, we developed a machine learning-based clinical decision support
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Rates of Positive M-CHAT-R Screenings by Pandemic Birth and Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 Exposure medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Morgan Firestein, Angela Gigliotti Manessis, Jennifer M. Warmingham, Yunzhe Hu, Morgan A. Finkel, Margaret H. Kyle, Maha Hussain, Imaal Ahmed, Andréane Lavallée, Ana Solis, Vitoria Chaves, Cynthia Rodriguez, Sylvie Goldman, Rebecca A. Muhle, Seonjoo Lee, Judy Austin, Wendy G. Silver, Kally C. O'Reilly, Jennifer M. Bain, Anna A. Penn, Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele, Melissa S. Stockwell, William P. Fifer
Maternal stress and viral illness during pregnancy are associated with neurodevelopmental conditions in offspring. Children born during the COVID-19 pandemic, including those exposed prenatally to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections, are reaching the developmental age for the assessment of risk for neurodevelopmental conditions. We examined associations between birth during the COVID-19 pandemic, prenatal
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Growth, physical and cognitive function in children who are born HIV-free: school-age follow-up of a cluster-randomized trial in rural Zimbabwe medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Joe D Piper, Clever Mazhanga, Marian Mwapaura, Gloria Mapako, Idah Mapurisa, Tsitsi Mashedze, Eunice Munyama, Maria Kuona, Thombizodwa Mashiri, Dzidzai Matemavi, Kundai Sibanda, Monica Tichagwa, Soneni Nyoni, Asinje Saidi, Manasa Mangwende, Dzivaidzo Chidhanguro, Eddington Mpofu, Joice Tome, Gabriel Mbewe, Batsirai Mutasa, Bernard Chasekwa, Handrea Njovo, Chandiwana Nyachowe, Mary Muchekeza, Kuda Mutasa
Background Globally, over 16 million children were exposed to HIV during pregnancy but remain HIV-free at birth and throughout childhood. Children born HIV-free (CBHF) have higher morbidity and mortality and poorer neurodevelopment in early life compared to children who are HIV-unexposed (CHU), but long-term outcomes remain uncertain. We characterized school-age growth, cognitive and physical function
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Rare Diseases Clinical Trials Toolbox - Public resources and main considerations to set up a clinical trial on medicinal products for humans in Europe medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Marta del Álamo, Biljana Zafirova, Martina Esdaile, Sarah Karam, Sabine Klager, Christine Kubiak
Background Drug development programmes in rare diseases have many challenges, some of which differ from those facing researchers working on common diseases, like the scarcity of patients.
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Associations between cord serum antibodies against phosphorylcholine and bacterial infections in neonates: a prospective cohort study in singletons and twins medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Ruoqing Chen, Yeqi Zheng, Weiri Tan, Feng Wu, Hui Liang, Xi Chen, Youmei Chen, Xian Liu, Fang Fang, Quanfu Zhang, Rui Zhang, Xu Chen
Background Antibodies against phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) are reported to protect against infection. However, the association between cord serum anti-PC and bacterial infection in neonates is yet to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate these associations among both singletons and twins.
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Associations between multiple immune-response-related proteins and neonatal infection: a proximity extension assay based proteomic study in cord plasma of twins medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Ruoqing Chen, Weiri Tan, Yeqi Zheng, Feng Wu, Hui Liang, Youmei Chen, Xian Liu, Fang Fang, Rui Zhang, Quanfu Zhang, Xu Chen
Background Given their immature immune system, neonates are highly susceptible to infection, a major cause of neonatal death. However, associations between immune-response-related proteins and risk of neonatal infection have yet been systematically investigated.
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Retrospective cohort analysis of current trends in the surgical management of congenital diaphragmatic eventration in children medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Khalid Alzahrani, Lymeymey Heng, Naziha Khen-Dunlop, Nicoleta Panait, Erik Hervieux, Lucie Grynberg, Olivier Abbo, Frédéric Hameury, Frédéric Lavrand, Olivier Maillet, Aurore Haffreingue, Anne Lehn, Stephan De Napoli Cocci, Edouard Habonimana, Jean-Luc Michel, Louise Montalva, Quentin Ballouhey, Arnaud Fotso Kamdem, Jean-François Lecompte, Antoine Liné, Anna Poupalou, Pierre Meignan, Loren Deslandes
Background Diaphragmatic plication is the most widely used surgical approach for treating congenital diaphragmatic eventration (CDE) in children. This study aims to assess current surgical practice for this pathology in children.
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BinDel: detecting clinically relevant fetal genomic microdeletions using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing-based NIPT medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Priit Paluoja, Tatjana Jatsenko, Hindrek Teder, Kaarel Krjutškov, Joris Robert Vermeesch, Andres Salumets, Priit Palta
Clinically pathogenic chromosomal microdeletions (MDs) cause severe fetal genetic disorders such as DiGeorge and Prader-Willi/Angelman syndromes. Motivated by the absence of reliable blood and/or ultrasound screening biomarkers for detecting microdeletion risk during the first-trimester screening, we developed and validated BinDel, a software package to evaluate the risk of clinically pathogenic microdeletions
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Tricuspid Valve Annulus Size by Echocardiography: Predictor of Cardiac Limitation in Pediatric Pectus Excavatum medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-13 James R Chang, James R Eubanks, Timothy Jancelewicz, Vijaya M Joshi, Hugo Martinez, Samir H Shah, Elizabeth R Paton, Ranjit R Philip
Background: The severity of pectus excavatum (PEX) as measured by Haller index (HI) does not always correlate with symptoms of aerobic capacity. Transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) are generally reported as normal which may influence the pediatrician's decision to refer for corrective surgery. The aim of this study was to find a reproducible TTE marker as an indicator of right ventricular compression
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IMPROVING ANTIBIOTICS USE IN PEDIATRIC HOSPITALS IN ARGENTINA: FEASIBILITY STUDY medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Facundo Jorro-Baron, Cecilia Echave, Viviana Monica Rodriguez, Maria Jose Aguilar-Fixman, Romina Balboa, Marina Guglielmino, Maria Florencia Garcia-Causarano, Veronica Del Negro, Patricia Dondoglio, Esteban Falcon, Luz Gibbons, Maria Celeste Guerrero, Ximena Juarez, Analia Lopez, Erika Matteucci, Ana Paula Rodriguez, Emilse Vitar, Javier Roberti, Ezequiel Garcia-Elorrio, Andrea Falaschi
Background: We aimed to test the feasibility of a multifaceted intervention to enhance the quality of antibiotic prescription by reducing its overuse and increasing the use of narrow-spectrum agents, comprising a range of antimicrobial stewardship strategies in LMIC pediatric hospitals. Methods: We implemented a quality improvement (QI) initiative for the treatment of three groups of infections: acute
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Study protocol for a pilot clinical trial to understand neural mechanisms of response to a psychological treatment for pain and anxiety in pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Natoshia R Cunningham, Michelle A Adler, Brittany N Barber Garcia, Taylor Abounader, Alaina K Miller, Mariela Monzalvo, Ismaeel Hashemi, Ryan Cox, Samantha L Ely, Yong Zhou, Mark DeLano, Todd Mulderink, Mathew J Reeves, James L Peugh, Susmita Kashikar-Zuck, Robert C Coghill, Judith E Arnetz, David C Zhu
Background. Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) are the most common chronic pain conditions of childhood and are made worse by co-occurring anxiety. Our research team found that the Aim to Decrease Pain and Anxiety Treatment (ADAPT), a six-session coping skills program using cognitive behavioral therapy strategies, was effective in improving pain-related symptoms and anxiety symptoms compared
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The risk prediction models of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in China: a systematic review medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-05 WU jiaming, DU jiajia, Peng junjie, Guo xin, HU xue, Li yunchuan, Wu yuanfang
Objective:Systematically evaluate the risk prediction model for neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in China, providing reference for clinical work and future research. Methods : We searched Chinese and English databases were systematically searched to focus on NEC risk prediction modeling studies.The search time ranged from database establishment to 25 August 2023.Two researchers independently
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Physician Approaches to the Pharmacologic Treatment of Dystonia in Cerebral Palsy medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-03 Emma Lott, Darcy Fehlings, Rose Gelineau-Morel, Michael Kruer, Jonathan Mink, Sruthi Thomas, Steve Wisniewski, Bhooma Rajagopalan Aravamuthan, Cerebral Palsy Research Network
Objective: To determine how physicians approach pharmacologic dystonia treatment in people with CP and assess physician readiness to participate in a randomized trial comparing existing pharmacologic dystonia treatments. Methods: We administered a REDCap survey to physician members of the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine and of the Child Neurology Society to assess which
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Pharmacogenomics of Coronary Artery Response to Intravenous Gamma Globulin in Kawasaki Disease medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Sadeep Shrestha, Howard William Wiener, Sabrina Chowdhury, Hidemi Kajimoto, Vinodh Srinivasasainagendra, Olga A Mamaeva, Ujval N Brahmbhatt, Dolena R Ledee, Yung Lau, Luz A Padilla, Jake Y. Chen, Nagib Dahdah, Hemant K Tiwari, Michael A. Portman
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem inflammatory illness of infants and young children that could result in acute vasculitis. The pathological walls of afflicted coronary arteries show propensity for forming thrombosis and aneurysms. The mechanism of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) despite intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) treatment is not known. Methods: We performed a Whole Genome
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Sarcomere gene variants did not improve cardiac function in pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy from Japanese cohorts medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-28 Keiichi Hirono, Yukiko Hata, Shojiro Ichimata, Naoki Nishida, Teruhiko Imamura, Yoshihiro Asano, Yuki Kuramoto, Kaori Tsuboi, Shinya Takarada, Mako Okabe, Hideyuki Nakaoka, Keijiro Ibuki, Sayaka Ozawa, Jun Muneuch, Kazushi Yasuda, Kotaro Urayama, Hideharu Oka, Tomoyuki Miyamoto, Kenji Baba, Akio Kato, Hirofumi Saiki, Naoki Kuwahara, Masako Harada, Shiro Baba, Mari Morikawa, Hidenori Iwasaki, Yuichiro
Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by impaired cardiac contraction and ventricular dilation. Some patients with DCM could manifest improvement in these abnormalities called left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR). However, the detailed association between genotypes and clinical outcomes, including LVRR, particularly among pediatric patients
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Apnea, Intermittent Hypoxemia, and Bradycardia Events Predict Late-Onset Sepsis in Extremely Preterm Infants medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-27 Sherry L Kausch, Douglas E Lake, Juliann M Di Fiore, Debra E Weese-Mayer, Nelson Claure, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Zachary A Vesoulis, Karen D Fairchild, Phyllis A Dennery, Anna Maria Hibbs, Richard J Martin, Premananda Indic, Colm P Travers, Eduardo Bancalari, Aaron Hamvas, James S Kemp, John L Carroll, Randall J Moorman, Brynne A Sullivan
Objectives: Detection of changes in cardiorespiratory events, including apnea, periodic breathing, intermittent hypoxemia (IH), and bradycardia, may facilitate earlier detection of sepsis. Our objective was to examine the association of cardiorespiratory events with late-onset sepsis for extremely preterm infants (<29 weeks gestational age (GA)) on versus off invasive mechanical ventilation. Study
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Kangaroo Mother Care prior to clinical stabilisation: Implementation barriers and facilitators reported by caregivers and health care providers in Uganda medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Victor S. Tumukunde, Joseph Katongole, Stella Namukwaya, Melissa M. Medvedev, Moffat Nyirenda, Cally J. Tann, Janet Seeley, Joy E. Lawn
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is an evidence-based method to improve newborn survival. However, scale-up even for stable newborns has been slow, with reported barriers to implementation. We examined facilitators and barriers to initiating KMC before stabilisation amongst neonates recruited to the OMWaNA study in Uganda.
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Congenital diaphragmatic eventration: Should we maintain surgical treatment? A retrospective multicentric cohort study medRxiv. Pediatr. Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Lymeymey Heng, Khalid Alzahrani, Naziha Khen-Dunlop, Nicoleta Panait, Erik Hervieux, Lucie Grynberg, Olivier Abbo, Frédéric Hameury, Frédéric Lavrand, Olivier Maillet, Aurore Haffreingue, Anne Lehn, Stephan De Napoli Cocci, Edouard Habonimana, Jean-Luc Michel, Louise Montalva, Quentin Ballouhey, Arnaud Fotso Kamdem, Jean-François Lecompte, Antoine Liné, Anna Poupalou, Pierre Maignan, Loren Deslandes
Background Congenital diaphragmatic eventration (CDE) is an infrequent congenital pathology without consensus of treatment. This study assessed current care practices for this pathology in children in France.